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Sugar acids are monosaccharide
Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides are the most basic unit of carbohydrates. They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, crystal solids....
s that have had an -OH group oxidized to a carboxyl group
Carboxyl group

A carboxyl group is a set of four atoms bonded together and present in carboxylic acids, including amino acid. Usually abbreviated as either CO2H or COOH, this set of atoms constitutes a functional group....
.

Main classes of sugar acids include:






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Sugar acids are monosaccharide
Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides are the most basic unit of carbohydrates. They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, crystal solids....
s that have had an -OH group oxidized to a carboxyl group
Carboxyl group

A carboxyl group is a set of four atoms bonded together and present in carboxylic acids, including amino acid. Usually abbreviated as either CO2H or COOH, this set of atoms constitutes a functional group....
.

Main classes of sugar acids include:
  • Aldonic acid
    Aldonic acid

    An aldonic acid is any of a family of sugar acids obtained by oxidation of the aldehyde functional group of an aldoses to form a carboxylic acid functional group....
    s, in which the aldehyde functional group of an aldose
    Aldose

    An aldose is a monosaccharide containing one aldehyde group per molecule and having a chemical formula of the form Cnn....
     is oxidized
  • Ulosonic acids, in which the first hydroxyl group of a 2-ketose
    Ketose

    A ketose is a sugar containing one ketone group per molecule.With 3 carbon atoms, dihydroxyacetone is the simplest of all ketoses and is the only one having no optical activity....
     is oxidised creating an α-ketoacid.
  • Uronic acid
    Uronic acid

    A uronic acid is a sugar acid with both a carbonyl and a carboxylic acid function. It is best thought of as a sugar in which the terminal carbon's hydroxyl function has been oxidized to a carboxylic acid....
    s, in which the terminal hydroxyl group of an aldose or ketose is oxidized
  • Aldaric acid
    Aldaric acid

    Aldaric acid is a group of sugar acids characterised by the chemical formula HOOC-n-COOH.Aldaric acids are usually synthesized by the oxidation of aldoses with nitric acid....
    s, in which both ends of an aldose are oxidized


Examples

Examples of sugar acids include:
  • Aldonic acids
    • Ascorbic acid
      Ascorbic acid

      Ascorbic acid is a sugar acid with antioxidant properties. Its appearance is white to light-yellow crystals or powder. It is water-soluble. The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid is commonly known as vitamin C....
    • gluconic acid
      Gluconic acid

      Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula chemical formula HOCH24COOH....
  • Ulosonic acids
    • Neuraminic acid
      Neuraminic acid

      Neuraminic acid is a 9-carbon monosaccharide, a derivative of a ketononose. Neuraminic acid may be visualized as the product of an aldol condensation product of pyruvic acid and D-mannosamine ....
       (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero
      Glyceraldehyde

      Glyceraldehyde is a triose monosaccharide with chemical formula Carbon3Hydrogen6Oxygen3. It is the simplest of all common aldoses....
      -D-galacto
      Galactose

      Galactose is a type of Carbohydrate which is less sweetness than glucose. It is considered a nutritive sweetener because it has food energy.Galactan is a polymer of the sugar galactose....
      -non-2-ulosonic acid)
    • Ketodeoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO or 3-deoxy-D-manno
      Mannose

      Mannose is a sugar monomer of the hexose series of carbohydrates....
      -oct-2-ulosonic acid)
  • Uronic acids
    • Glucuronic acid
      Glucuronic acid

      Glucuronic acid is a carboxylic acid. Its structure is similar to that of glucose. However, glucuronic acid's sixth carbon is oxidized to a carboxylic acid....
    • galacturonic acid
  • Aldaric acids
    • meso-galactaric acid (Mucic acid
      Mucic acid

      Mucic acid, C6H10O8 or HOOC-4-COOH, is obtained by nitric acid oxidation of galactose or galactose-containing compounds like lactose, dulcite, quercite, and most varieties of natural gum....
      )
    • D-glucaric acid (Saccharic acid
      Saccharic acid

      Saccharic acid, also called glucaric acid, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H10O8. It is derived by oxidizing a Monosaccharide such as glucose with nitric acid....
      )




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