Stygnopsidae
Encyclopedia
The Stygnopsidae are a small family of harvestmen, with almost all species found in Mexico
.
) and Ancient Greek
opsis, "looks like".
Proposed phylogeny
(after Kury 2003)
Epedanidae
could be the sister group to Gonyleptoidea
sensu lato (including the Assamiidae
), with the Stygnopsidae the sister group to the rest of Gonyleptoidea. Although they reach into the Nearctic
, they are more closely related to neotropical harvestmen.
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
.
Name
The name of the type genus Stygnopsis is combined from the genus Stygnus (StygnidaeStygnidae
The Stygnidae are a family of neotropical harvestmen within the suborder Laniatores.-Description:Body length ranges from about one to six millimeters. The color ranges from light brown to reddish...
) and Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek is the stage of the Greek language in the periods spanning the times c. 9th–6th centuries BC, , c. 5th–4th centuries BC , and the c. 3rd century BC – 6th century AD of ancient Greece and the ancient world; being predated in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek...
opsis, "looks like".
Description
The body length of these harvestmen ranges from 2.5 (Karos) to 7 mm (Hoplobunus). Their color ranges from dark brown to black, with much lighter appendages. Cave-dwelling species are pale light brown.Distribution
As in other Laniatores, most species have narrow distributions. Almost all species occur in Mexico, with some found in the southern USA (Hoplobunus), and Guatemala, El Salvador and Belize (Paramitraceras).Relationships
Proposed phylogeny
(after Kury 2003)
Epedanidae
Epedanidae
Epedanidae is a family of the harvestman infraorder Grassatores with about 200 described species. They are the sister group of the Gonyleptoidea....
could be the sister group to Gonyleptoidea
Gonyleptoidea
Gonyleptoidea is the most diverse superfamily of the Grassatores. It includes around 2,500 species distributed in the tropics. They are characterized by the simplified male genitalia, with the glans free subapical in the truncus....
sensu lato (including the Assamiidae
Assamiidae
Assamiidae, with more than 400 described species, is the third most diverse family of the Suborder Laniatores.-Name:The family name is derived from the Indian province Assam, where the type species of the type genus was collected....
), with the Stygnopsidae the sister group to the rest of Gonyleptoidea. Although they reach into the Nearctic
Nearctic
The Nearctic is one of the eight terrestrial ecozones dividing the Earth's land surface.The Nearctic ecozone covers most of North America, including Greenland and the highlands of Mexico...
, they are more closely related to neotropical harvestmen.
Species
- Hoplobunus BanksNathan BanksNathan Banks was an American entomologist noted for his work on neuroptera, megaloptera, hymenoptera, and acarina . He started work on mites in 1880 with the USDA...
, 1900 - Hoplobunus apoalensis Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973 — MexicoMexicoThe United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
- Hoplobunus barretti Banks, 1900 — Mexico
- Hoplobunus boneti (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942) — cave, Mexico
- Hoplobunus madlae Goodnight & Goodnight, 1967 — Texas
- Hoplobunus mexicanus (RoewerCarl Friedrich RoewerCarl Friedrich Roewer was a German arachnologist. He concentrated on harvestmen, where he described almost a third of today's known species, but also almost 700 taxa of spiders and numerous Solifugae....
, 1915) — Mexico - Hoplobunus mexicanus (Sørensen, 1932) — praeoccuppied; Mexico
- Hoplobunus oaxacensis Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973 — Mexico
- Hoplobunus osorioi (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944) — Mexico
- Hoplobunus planus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973 — Mexico
- Hoplobunus queretarius Silhavy 1974 — Mexico
- Hoplobunus russelli Goodnight & Goodnight, 1967 — TexasTexasTexas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...
- Hoplobunus spinooculorum Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973 — Mexico
- Hoplobunus zullinii Silhavy 1977 — Mexico
- Karos Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944 — Mexico
- Karos barbarikos Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944
- Karos brignolii Silhavy 1974
- Karos depressus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971
- Karos dybasi (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947)
- Karos foliorum (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1945)
- Karos gratiosus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971
- Karos parvus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971
- Karos projectus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971
- Karos rugosus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971
- Karos tuberculatus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944)
- Karos unispinosus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1946)
- Mexotroglinus Silhavy, 1977
- Mexotroglinus sbordonii Silhavy, 1977 — Mexico
- Paramitraceras F. O. P-CambridgeFrederick Octavius Pickard-CambridgeFrederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge was an English arachnologist. He is often confused with his uncle, Octavius Pickard-Cambridge , who was also an arachnologist and from whom F. O. Pickard-Cambridge picked up his enthusiasm for the study of spiders.-Life:F. O. Pickard-Cambridge was born in...
, 1905 - Paramitraceras femoralis Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953 — Mexico
- Paramitraceras granulatus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905 — GuatemalaGuatemalaGuatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...
, El SalvadorEl SalvadorEl Salvador or simply Salvador is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital city and largest city is San Salvador; Santa Ana and San Miguel are also important cultural and commercial centers in the country and in all of Central America...
, Mexico - Paramitraceras hispidulus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905 — Guatemala, BelizeBelizeBelize is a constitutional monarchy and the northernmost country in Central America. Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages. Even though Kriol and Spanish are spoken among the population, Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official...
, Mexico
- Sbordonia Silhavy 1977 — Mexico
- Sbordonia armigera Silhavy 1977
- Sbordonia parvula (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953)
- Stygnopsis Sørensen, 1902 — Mexico
- Stygnopsis robusta (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971)
- Stygnopsis valida (Sørensen, 1884)
- Tampiconus Roewer, 1949
- Tampiconus philippii Roewer, 1949 — Mexico
- Troglostygnopsis Silhavy, 1974 — Mexico
- Troglostygnopsis anophthalma Silhavy, 1974
- Troglostygnopsis inops (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971)