Stour watermills
Encyclopedia
River Stour, Kent
The River Stour is the river in Kent, England that flows into the English Channel at Pegwell Bay. Above Plucks Gutter, where the Little Stour joins it, the river is normally known as the Great Stour. The upper section of the river, above its confluence with the East Stour at Ashford is sometimes...
for centuries as a source of power. Many different processes were performed by the use of water power:- Corn milling, fulling, paper making and electricity generation. Many of the mills survive today as house conversions, with two of them still working commercially.
Upper Great Stour
The upper reaches of the Great StourRiver Stour, Kent
The River Stour is the river in Kent, England that flows into the English Channel at Pegwell Bay. Above Plucks Gutter, where the Little Stour joins it, the river is normally known as the Great Stour. The upper section of the river, above its confluence with the East Stour at Ashford is sometimes...
powered eight watermills, with a further two on tributaries.
Bayton Mill, Lenham
TQ 903 503 51.220°N 0.724°WThis corn mill in Lenham
Lenham
Lenham is a market village in Kent situated on the southern edge of the North Downs, halfway between Maidstone and Ashford. The picturesque square in the village has two public houses , a couple of restaurants, and a tea-room....
is the only one that was powered by the Upper Great Stour, the other watermill
Watermill
A watermill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour, lumber or textile production, or metal shaping .- History :...
s in Lenham were powered by the River Len. The mill building has been converted to residential use, devoid of machinery. It had a breast shot waterwheel.
Bowley Mill, Boughton Malherbe
TQ 902 496 51.214°N 0.722°WThis corn mill in Boughton Malherbe
Boughton Malherbe
For other "Boughtons" in Kent see Boughton under Blean; Boughton Malherbe; and Boughton MonchelseaBoughton Malherbe is a village and civil parish in the Maidstone district of Kent, England, situated between Maidstone and Ashford...
is now a derelict ruin, with the remains of the ground floor, waterwheel and some machinery remaining. The waterwheel was overshot, some 12 feet (3.66 m) diameter and 6 feet (1.83 m) wide, carried on a 8 inches (203.2 mm) diameter cast iron axle. The Pit Wheel is of cast iron, and had 96 cogs. The Upright Shaft was wood, as was the clasp arm Great Spur Wheel, which drove three pairs of millstones. The mill building was 30 feet (9.14 m) by 15 feet (4.57 m) in plan, and new machinery was installed in 1881. The upper floors of the mill were pulled down in the 1960s as they had become unsafe.
Burnt Mill, Charing
TQ 913 492 51.210°N 0.736°WThis corn mill at Charing
Charing
Charing is a small village and civil parish in the Ashford District of Kent, in south-east England. The parish population is 2,750 ; it includes the settlement of Charing Heath.It is situated at the foot of the North Downs...
still remains in a derelict condition, with most of its machinery intact. The mill was working until the mid 1950s. The cast-iron waterwheel was 10 in 4 in (3.15 m) diameter and 5 feet (1.52 m) wide, on a 9 inches (228.6 mm) cast iron axle. It bears the legend J HILL, ASHFORD, 1863. The pit wheel is 8 feet (2.44 m) diameter with 80 cogs, driving a cast iron Wallower carried on the upright shaft and driving a 6 feet (1.83 m) diameter Great Spur Wheel which drove three pairs of millstones. A Crown Wheel drove two lineshafts. The mill was run by the Tanton family for many years. A John Tanton was the miller in 1764, and another John Tanton died in 1837 aged 72.
Field Mill, Charing
TQ 915 483 51.202°N 0.740°WThis corn mill at Charing
Charing
Charing is a small village and civil parish in the Ashford District of Kent, in south-east England. The parish population is 2,750 ; it includes the settlement of Charing Heath.It is situated at the foot of the North Downs...
still stands, retaining a little machinery. The overshot waterwheel was 10 in 6 in (3.2 m) diameter and 5 feet (1.52 m) wide. It bears the legend HILL & SON ASHFORD 1877. The waterwheel is carried on a 11 inches (279.4 mm) diameter cast iron axle, driving a cast iron Pit Wheel. All other machinery has been removed. The mill had two pairs of millstones. Millers were a Mr Pay and Mr Pope from 1878 - 1892 , and Walter Hicks in 1892, having previously been at the windmill
Charing Windmill
Charing Windmill is a Grade II listed house converted smock mill on Charing Hill in Kent in southeast England. It is sometimes known as Field Mill, but that name was also used by a watermill in Charing.-History:...
.
Swallow Mill, Little Chart
TQ 934 469 51.189°N 0.766°WThis corn mill at Little Chart
Little Chart
Little Chart is a civil parish and small village to the north-east of Ashford in Kent, South East England. The parish has an area of , and a population of 239. Within the parish boundaries are two hamlets: Little Chart Forstal ; and Rooting Street...
had an internal waterwheel. The millers in the 1850s and 1860s were the Large family.
Ford Mill, Little Chart
TQ 943 459 51.179°N 0.779°WThis was a paper mill. It was in use as a paper mill as early as 1776 and took its name from the ford
Ford (crossing)
A ford is a shallow place with good footing where a river or stream may be crossed by wading or in a vehicle. A ford is mostly a natural phenomenon, in contrast to a low water crossing, which is an artificial bridge that allows crossing a river or stream when water is low.The names of many towns...
which was near the mill. This was replaced by a bridge in 1836. George Langley ran the mill from the 1840s until 1876. The mill was owned by the Dering Estate at Pluckley
Pluckley
Pluckley is a village and civil parish in the Ashford District of Kent, United Kingdom. It is located close to the North Downs, and is approximately 5 miles west of Ashford...
. The overshot waterwheel was replaced by a turbine
Water turbine
A water turbine is a rotary engine that takes energy from moving water.Water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. Now they are mostly used for electric power generation. They harness a clean and renewable energy...
. In 1941, the mill was switched to the manufacture of flong
Flong
Flong is a term used in relief printing , which refers to an intermediate step in making of a stereo plate typically used in a rotary press though not exclusively...
for the Daily Express
Daily Express
The Daily Express switched from broadsheet to tabloid in 1977 and was bought by the construction company Trafalgar House in the same year. Its publishing company, Beaverbrook Newspapers, was renamed Express Newspapers...
newspaper. Changing economic conditions meant that flong manufacture ceased in 1986.
Worten Mill, Godinton
TQ 970 435 51.157°N 0.816°WThe mill at Godinton
Godinton
Godinton is a suburb of Ashford, Kent in England, with its stately home Godinton House on the outskirts. Godinton is located between Great Chart, Hothfield and the town of Ashford.- Demography :...
was a corn mill. The building survives, converted to residential use.
Buxford Mill, Great Chart
TQ 989 426 51.148°N 0.842°WBuxford Mill ceased operating as a corn mill after the war and was changed to residential use before several attempts at making it a restaurant and hotel failed. The house was derelict for some time before it ultimately settled as a domestic residence.
The house now standing was built in 1600 with numerous additions but the waterwheel and all mill workings have now gone.
There is still a waterfall and sluice adjacent to the house but old maps suggest that the wheel was located inside the current granary and there is evidence of an outflow emerging from underneath the building, that has now been largely filled in.
It is likely that the wheel was either breast-shot or under-shot given the relatively small fall of approximately 6 feet.
Hothfield (Potters Corner) Mill
TQ 989 450 51.170°N 0.844°WThe corn mill to the north of Hothfield
Hothfield
Hothfield is a village and civil parish in the Ashford District of Kent, England and is located north-west of Ashford town.The village is located to the south of the A20 road. To the north west is Hothfield Common, 58 hectares of heathland and lowland valley bogs: a nature reserve managed by...
still retains most of its machinery. It stood on a stream which feeds into the Great Stour. The cast iron overshot waterwheel is 11 feet (3.35 m) diameter and 7 in 6 in (2.29 m) wide, carried on a 7 inches (177.8 mm) square cast iron axle, driving a cast iron Pit Wheel with 88 cogs. This drove acast iron wallower carried on a 6.5 inches (165.1 mm) square cast iron Upright Shaft, which also carried a 6 in 10 in (2.08 m) diameter Great Spur Wheel which originally drove four pair of millstones and latterly drove two pairs.
Westwell Mill
TQ 992 474 51.191°N 0.849°W
Evegate Mill, Smeeth
Hanover Mill, Mersham
TR 049 391 51.115°N 0.926°WThe corn mill at Mersham
Mersham
Mersham is a small village and civil parish, three miles east of Willesborough and the town of Ashford in the county of Kent.-History:Historically Mersham has been a farming community with close ties to the local market town of Ashford. The small village dates back to Saxon times and is mentioned...
is still engaged in the milling trade, owned by T Denne and Sons.
Swanton Mill, Mersham
TR 039 388 51.112°N 0.912°WThis corn mill still retains its machinery. The overshot waterwheel is 8 in 4 in (2.54 m) wide and 6 in 8 in (2.03 m) diameter, driving the machinery via a cast iron ring gear with 72 teeth. There were originally four pairs of millstones, of which two remain, driven by a system of belts and pulleys. This dates from the 1840s, when the mill was reworked by Messrs. Holman's of Canterbury
Canterbury
Canterbury is a historic English cathedral city, which lies at the heart of the City of Canterbury, a district of Kent in South East England. It lies on the River Stour....
. There was a twin cylinder self-condensing steam engine by Hall's of Dartford
Dartford
Dartford is the principal town in the borough of Dartford. It is situated in the northwest corner of Kent, England, east south-east of central London....
, built in 1840 which provided auxiliary power. This was dismantled and donated to the Newcomen Society
Newcomen Society
The Newcomen Society is a British learned society formed to foster the study of the history of engineering and technology. It was founded in London in 1920 and takes its name from Thomas Newcomen, one of the inventors associated with the early development of the steam engine, who is widely...
in 1920. The original intention was that this would be displayed in the Science Museum
Science Museum (London)
The Science Museum is one of the three major museums on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. It is part of the National Museum of Science and Industry. The museum is a major London tourist attraction....
, but it later passed to the Henry Ford Museum in America.
Sevington Mill, Willesborough
TR 032 415 51.137°N 0.903°WSevington
Sevington
Sevington is a small village and civil parish to the south-east of Ashford, Kent in England, with a population of about 113 in 1872, currently 354....
mill was a corn mill which had two overshot wheels driving a total of five pairs of millstones. The mill was refitted in 1852. It burnt down and was a ruin by 1939.
Tributaries of the East Stour
A stream rises above StowtingStowting
Stowting lies between Canterbury, Folkestone, Ashford and Hythe. In 1947, a Douglas C-47A crashed on the hillside above the village, killing eight of the 16 people on board.There is a Church of England Primary school.-External links:*...
and flows inte the East Stour above Evegate Mill. It powered a watermill.
Stowting Mill
TR 124 418 51.136°N 1.035°WThis millstones in the watermill were driven overdrift.
Great Stour
The Great StourRiver Stour, Kent
The River Stour is the river in Kent, England that flows into the English Channel at Pegwell Bay. Above Plucks Gutter, where the Little Stour joins it, the river is normally known as the Great Stour. The upper section of the river, above its confluence with the East Stour at Ashford is sometimes...
powered sixteen watermills, with another on the Kennington Stream
Kennington Stream
Kennington Stream is a tributary of the Great Stour river in Ashford, Kent, England.The stream runs from its source near Kennington, 2.3 kilometres, past Penlee Point to the Great Stour, joining adjacent to the M20 motorway. -References:...
.
East Hill Mill, Ashford
TR 015 427 51.148°N 0.880°WThis water and steam mill was a corn mill, one of those run by H.S. Pledge & Sons Ltd
H.S. Pledge & Sons Ltd
H. S. Pledge & Sons Ltd was a business engaged in the milling industry. The firm was started by Henry Sturgess Pledge who learnt his trade at the Black Mill, Barham, Kent, United Kingdom.-History:...
. The converted building survives, used as a nightclub, with a dummy waterwheel outside. It was the only watermill in Ashford
Ashford, Kent
Ashford is a town in the borough of Ashford in Kent, England. In 2005 it was voted the fourth best place to live in the United Kingdom. It lies on the Great Stour river, the M20 motorway, and the South Eastern Main Line and High Speed 1 railways. Its agricultural market is one of the most...
, which was well supplied with windmill
Windmill
A windmill is a machine which converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by means of vanes called sails or blades. Originally windmills were developed for milling grain for food production. In the course of history the windmill was adapted to many other industrial uses. An important...
s and steam mills.
Wye Mill
TR 049 469 51.185°N 0.931°WThe mill at Wye was run for many years by the Denne family. The building survives today.
Chilham Mill
TR 078 534 51.242°N 0.976°WThe large corn mill at Chilham
Chilham
Chilham is a parish in the English county of Kent. Visited by tourists worldwide, it is known for its beauty. Chilham has been a location for a number of films and television dramas...
is the best preserved on the River Stour. The waterwheel is 14 in 6 in (4.42 m) diameter and 7 in 10 in (2.39 m) wide, carried on a + section cast iron axle of a nominal 20 inches (508 mm) diameter. This also carried a cast iron Pit Wheel 10 in 8 in (3.25 m) diameter with 96 cogs driving a Wallower with 34 teeth on a cast iron Upright Shaft carrying a cast iron Great Spur Wheel with 114 cogs. This drove six pairs of millstones, originally all underdrift, but one of the Stone Nuts has been adapted to drive a vertical shaft which powered auxiliary machinery and drove the sixth pair of stones overdrift by belt and pulley.
Chartham Corn Mill
TR 097 554 51.259°N 1.004°WThe building of this corn mill at Chartham
Chartham
Chartham is a village and civil parish in Kent, west of Canterbury.It is located on the Great Stour river which provided power for the paper mills up until some point before 1955. The name literally means ‘Village on rough ground’, and the word "Chart" is also found in other villages in Kent with...
survives converted to residential use and devoid of machinery. It was powered by a low breast shot waterwheel some 10 feet (3.05 m) wide. There was also a turbine some 4 feet (1.22 m) in diameter which drove a pump.
Chartham Paper Mill
TR 108 549 51.254°N 1.020°WThis mill is a Domesday mill. There was a fulling mill in 1438 and paper production started circa 1730. Tracing paper was discovered here after a worker accidentally added too much starch to the mixture. The paper mill is still working commercially, producing tracing paper to this day. It is owned by Arjo Wiggins
Arjo Wiggins
Arjo Wiggins is a leading producer of paper products. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and used to be a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index but is now owned by Worms & Cie.-History:...
.
Cock Mill, Canterbury
TR 145 580 51.281°N 1.074°WThe River Stour bifurcates through Canterbury
Canterbury
Canterbury is a historic English cathedral city, which lies at the heart of the City of Canterbury, a district of Kent in South East England. It lies on the River Stour....
, the western stream powered two watermills and the eastern stream powered eight.
Cock Mill was a small mill with a single waterwheel. It was demolished in the 19th century.
Dean's (Westgate, Shafford's, Hooker's) Mill, Canterbury
TR 148 583 51.283°N 1.079°WThis was a corn mill. The mill was rebuilt circa 1790 and had two internal waterwheels driving eight pairs of stones. The mill was bought by William Hooker in the 1890s and was renamed Westgate mill. The mill burnt down in June 1954.
Barton Mill, Canterbury
TR 156 588 51.288°N 1.091°WThe following mills are those on the eastern stream of the River Stour in Canterbury.
This was the last watermill in Canterbury that was working for trade. For many years it was a paper mill, and then a corn mill. There were two waterwheels driving the millstones, and probably another waterwheel which drove other machinery. The millstones were latterly replaced by roller mills. There was a fire in 1951, after which the mill was modernised, and another fire in July 2004 meant the end of milling at Barton mill. Some of the buildings survive, converted to residential use.
St. Mildred's Mill, Canterbury
This corn mill stood within the city walls, and disappeared in mediaeval times.St. Mildred's Tannery, Canterbury
The tanneryTanning
Tanning is the making of leather from the skins of animals which does not easily decompose. Traditionally, tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound from which the tanning process draws its name . Coloring may occur during tanning...
in Canterbury occupies a very old site, even older than the cathedral
Canterbury Cathedral
Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England and forms part of a World Heritage Site....
. The current firm was established in 1878 by Joseph and Samuel Conolly. Leather
Leather
Leather is a durable and flexible material created via the tanning of putrescible animal rawhide and skin, primarily cattlehide. It can be produced through different manufacturing processes, ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.-Forms:...
from the tannery was of the highest quality, and has been used in the coronation coach of King Edward VII
Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Edward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910...
, Rolls Royce
Rolls-Royce (car)
This a list of Rolls-Royce motor cars and includes vehicles produced by:*Rolls-Royce Limited *Rolls-Royce Motors , which was owned by Vickers between 1980 and 1998, and after that by Volkswagen...
s, Concorde
Concorde
Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde was a turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner, a supersonic transport . It was a product of an Anglo-French government treaty, combining the manufacturing efforts of Aérospatiale and the British Aircraft Corporation...
, the QE2, Ferrari
Ferrari
Ferrari S.p.A. is an Italian sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1929, as Scuderia Ferrari, the company sponsored drivers and manufactured race cars before moving into production of street-legal vehicles as Ferrari S.p.A. in 1947...
s, and the Houses of Parliament. The tannery buildings are now converted to residential use.
King's Mill, Canterbury
TR 148 580 51.281°N 1.079°WThis corn mill stood on an ancient mill site. The mill was granted to St Augustine's Abbey
St Augustine's Abbey
St Augustine's Abbey was a Benedictine abbey in Canterbury, Kent, England.-Early history:In 597 Saint Augustine arrived in England, having been sent by Pope Gregory I, on what might nowadays be called a revival mission. The King of Kent at this time was Æthelberht, who happened to be married to a...
by King Stephen
Stephen of England
Stephen , often referred to as Stephen of Blois , was a grandson of William the Conqueror. He was King of England from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne by right of his wife. Stephen's reign was marked by the Anarchy, a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda...
in 1144. In 1174 it was repossessed by the Crown, and granted to Rohesia, the sister of Thomas Becket
Thomas Becket
Thomas Becket was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his murder in 1170. He is venerated as a saint and martyr by both the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion...
. The mill stood opposite The Weavers House, and marks in the brickwork show where the waterwheel was.
Abbott's (City, Denne's) Mill, Canterbury
TR 148 582 51.282°N 1.079°WThis corn mill stood on the site of a medieval mill owned by the Abbot. The building dated from 1792 and was originally designed as a granary by John Smeaton
John Smeaton
John Smeaton, FRS, was an English civil engineer responsible for the design of bridges, canals, harbours and lighthouses. He was also a capable mechanical engineer and an eminent physicist...
. In 1794 it was converted into a watermill by Joseph Royle and James Simmons. The building was 60 feet (18.29 m) square in plan, and six storeys tall. The base was brick and the upper five storeys were wood, clad in white painted weatherboarding. At the time it was built, it was the second tallest building in Canterbury, after the Cathedral. There were two waterwheels each 12 feet (3.66 m) diameter and 6 feet (1.83 m) diameter driving a total of eight pairs of stones. In 1896 it was bought by Denne's. The mill was destroyed by fire on 17 October 1933. The cast iron axle survives on site.
Black Mill, Sturry
Sturry
Sturry is a village on the Great Stour river three miles north-east of Canterbury in Kent. The large parish of Sturry Church incorporates the former mining village of Hersden and several hamlets.-Geography:...
had two watermills, neither of which survive today.
White Mill, Sturry
TR 175 600 51.298°N 1.118°WThis corn mill has been demolished, with only scant remains of the machinery remaining. There is a turbine of some 4 feet (1.22 m) diameter, and a low breast shot waterwheel 14 in 10 in (4.52 m) diameter and 7 in 2 in (2.18 m) wide.
Kennington Mills
TR 032 454 51.172°N 0.905°WThe mills at Kennington
Kennington, Kent
Kennington is a suburb of Ashford in Kent, England. It is about a mile northeast of the town centre and north of the M20 motorway, and contains the 12th century church, St Mary's. The main A28 Canterbury Road and A251 Faversham Road run through the village...
were powered by wind, steam and water. The windmill was built in 1813 by Messrs. Hill, the Ashford millwright
Millwright
A millwright is a craftsman or tradesman engaged with the construction and maintenance of machinery.Early millwrights were specialist carpenters who erected machines used in agriculture, food processing and processing lumber and paper...
s. The millers in 1886 were Messrs. Pledge
H.S. Pledge & Sons Ltd
H. S. Pledge & Sons Ltd was a business engaged in the milling industry. The firm was started by Henry Sturgess Pledge who learnt his trade at the Black Mill, Barham, Kent, United Kingdom.-History:...
, who had several mills in the Ashford area. In 1892 Charles Stanley took the mills. The sails from the windmill were taken to Pluckley windmill when Kennington mills closed. The windmill was an empty shell by the 1930s and was demolished in 1952. The windmill was connected by a footbridge to the watermill building and the steam mill building was attached to the windmill base, which survives today. The watermill was powered by the Kennington Stream
Kennington Stream
Kennington Stream is a tributary of the Great Stour river in Ashford, Kent, England.The stream runs from its source near Kennington, 2.3 kilometres, past Penlee Point to the Great Stour, joining adjacent to the M20 motorway. -References:...
.
Littlebourne (Hovis, Jarvis, White) Mill
TR 214 581 51.279°N 1.173°WLittlebourne
Littlebourne
Littlebourne is a village and civil parish near Canterbury in Kent, South East England.The 13th-century church, St Vincent of Saragossa, is thought to have been founded by the monks of St Augustine's Abbey and contains an ancient wall painting depicting Saint Christopher, patron saint of travellers...
mill was a corn mill with a breastshot waterwheel. The building survives, converted to residential use. The mill was standing in 1803, when it was leased to William White. In 1820, a 12 in 6 in (3.81 m) diameter by 5 in 7 in (1.7 m) wide waterwheel was installed for Mr Kingsford, replacing a smaller waterwheel. The mill was being run by William Halliday in 1851. In 1894, Messrs Holman Bros, millwrights of Canterbury, quoted £45.10.0
£sd
£sd was the popular name for the pre-decimal currencies used in the Kingdom of England, later the United Kingdom, and ultimately in much of the British Empire...
for a new iron waterwheel and pit wheel, or £36.0.0 for a new wooden one. The mill was owned by Mr Jarvis in 1944, in which year it was sold to Vitovis Ltd. In 1945, the mill was modernised by the fitting of roller milling machinery and converting the whole to be powered by electricity
Electricity
Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These include many easily recognizable phenomena, such as lightning, static electricity, and the flow of electrical current in an electrical wire...
. A large sign on the mill advertised Hovis
Hovis
Hovis is a UK brand of flour and bread, owned by Premier Foods. The brand, which began in 1886, ended up as part of Rank Hovis McDougall in 1962 after a succession of mergers. RHM, whose bread making division has been known as British Bakeries since 1955, also owns the Mother's Pride and Nimble...
flour. The mill was later sold to Gardener & Sons of Birchington but had closed by 1957. The mill was house-converted in the early 1960s, with all machinery being removed.
Ickham Mill
TR 214 580 51.278°N 1.173°WIckham
Ickham
Ickham is a village within the civil parish of Ickham and Well, five miles east of Canterbury in Kent, South East England.The village is centred around a single road with many old and well preserved houses, with the 13th-century Parish Church of St John the Evangelist in the midst...
mill was a corn mill. The building survives, converted to residential use.
Wickhambreaux Mill
Wickhambreaux
Wickhambreaux
Wickhambreaux is a village, just off the A257 Sandwich Road, five miles from Canterbury in the county of Kent, England, United Kingdom.-History:Wickhambreaux manor was the home of Joan of Kent, wife to Edward Plantagenet, and mother of Richard II...
mill was a large corn mill, with a brick base and four storeys clad in weatherboarding. The mill has been converted into flats, and retains its breast shot waterwheel.
Seaton Mill, Wickhambreaux
TR 226 586 51.283°N 1.191°WSeaton mill was a large mill, with tarred weatherboarding. It had a breastshot waterwheel and a steam engine. The building survives, converted to residential use.