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Specialized school

 

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Specialized school


 
 

Specialized schools are secondary schoolSecondary school

Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling, known ...
s with enhanced coverage of certain subjects that constitute the specialization of the school. They should not be confused with vocational schoolVocational school

A vocational school, providing vocational education and also sometimes referred to as a trade school or career coll...
s, whose goal is to deliver skills for a particular type of job.

Soviet Union and post-Soviet states

Of the specialized school in the Soviet UnionSoviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , more commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a Communist state that existed...
 (, Shkola s uklonom) there were two typical types: physical/mathematical schools, with enhanced education in physicsPhysics Summary

Physics , the most fundamental physical science, is concerned with the underlying principles of the natural world....
 and mathematicsFacts About Mathematics

Mathematics is the discipline that deals with concepts such as quantity, structure, space and change....
, sports schools, and schools with advanced study of a foreign language of choice. This tradition continued in a number of post-Soviet statesPost-Soviet states

The Post-Soviet states, also commonly known as former Soviet republics, are the independent nations that split off fro...
, notably RussiaRussia Overview

Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia....
, KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan Summary

Kyrgyzstan, formerly the Kyrgyz Republic, is a country in Central Asia....
 and BelarusBelarus

Belarus is a landlocked nation-state in Eastern Europe, which borders Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia....
, with many schools renamed into liceums.

There also were schools with musical education, but they were in their own category and called "secondary musical school". In secondary musical schools, the primary goal was musical education since the 1st grade (i.e., they may be classified as vocational schoolVocational school Overview

A vocational school, providing vocational education and also sometimes referred to as a trade school or career coll...
s), with obligatory general secondary education provided in a somewhat truncated form. (Note: In the terminology of the Soviet Union, the "secondary schoolSecondary school

Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling, known ...
" included primary educationPrimary education

Primary or elementary education consists of the first years of formal, structured education that occurs during childho...
 as well, i.e., it encompassed grades 1-10.)

Foreign language schools started study of a particular foreign language since the 1st grade (normally in Soviet schools foreign language was introduced in the 5th grade) and, since some grade (commonly the 5th) some subjects were delivered in this language. Language schools specialized in English, German, French, and Spanish languages, with English schools being most common in late Soviet Union and Spanish least common.

Physmath schools (physical/mathematical schools) delivered enhanced education in physics and mathematics. Most commonly, this enhancement started since higher grades, typically since 8th or 9th.

A fact of note was a very high percentage of JewJew

Jews are followers of Judaism or, more generally, members of the Jewish people , an ethno-religious group descended from th...
ish students in physmath schools. As a strange quirk of Soviet anti-semitismHistory of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union Summary

The vast territories of the Russian Empire once hosted the largest Jewish population in the world....
, there was no informal quota for Jews in specialized schools, unlike some prestigious universities and research institutions.

There are three categories of sports schools:
  • Children and Youth Sports SchoolChildren and Youth Sports School

    Children and Youth Sports School is a type of educational institution for children that originated in the Soviet Union....
     (USSR, ??????-????????? ?????????? ?????, ????). Some of them were after-school sports schools, others were specialized sports schools.
  • Olympic Reserve SchoolChildren and Youth Sports School

    Children and Youth Sports School is a type of educational institution for children that originated in the Soviet Union....
     (????? ???????????? ???????, ?????????????????? ??????-????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???????, ???????)
  • School of High Sports Mastery (????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????, ????)


In modern Russia the sports schools are officially named as '?????????? ??????????????? ???????????' (supplementary education institution), e.g., 'supplementary education institution "School of High Sports Mastery"'.

These schools were specialized in particular sports: soccer, divingDiving Summary

Diving refers to the sport of acrobatically jumping or falling into water....
, gymnasticsGymnastics

Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of sequences of movements requiring physical strength, flexibility, and kine...
, etc.
The first children sports school was created in 1934. In 1987 there were about 7,500 CYSSs, 1,400 ORSs and about 200 SHSMs, with about 5,000,000 of students.

Schools and notable alumni

  • MoscowMoscow

    Moscow is the capital of Russia and the country's principal political, economic, financial, educational, and transportation...
    • Moscow Secondary School 15, physics and mathematics
  • LeningradLeningrad

    Leningrad may mean:* Saint Petersburg, a Russian city formerly called 'Leningrad'...
    / St. Petersburg
    • Leningrad Secondary School # 239 / Saint Petersburg Lyceum 239 (??? 239), physics and mathematics
      • Grigori PerelmanGrigori Perelman

        Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman, born 13 June 1966 in Leningrad, USSR, sometimes known as Grisha Perelman, is a Russian m...
  • MinskMinsk

    Minsk , is the capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers....
    • Minsk Secondary School 50, physics and mathematics
    • Minsk Secondary School 87, English language
  • Ekaterinburg
    • Secondary School 144, English

United States


See also

  • Magnet schoolMagnet school

    In the U.S. system of education, a magnet school is a public school that draws students interested in specific subjects such...