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Solomon Luria (1510 - November 7, 1574) (Hebrew: ???? ?????) was one of the great Ashkenazic poskim
Posek

Posek is the term in Halakha for "decider"?a legal scholar who decides the Halakha in cases of law where previous authorities are inconclusive....
 (decisors of Jewish law
Halakha

Halakha ? also Hebrew transliteration Halocho and Halacha ? is the collective body of Judaism religious law, including biblical law and later talmudic and rabbinic law, as well as customs and traditions....
) and teachers of his time. He is known for his work of Halakha
Halakha

Halakha ? also Hebrew transliteration Halocho and Halacha ? is the collective body of Judaism religious law, including biblical law and later talmudic and rabbinic law, as well as customs and traditions....
, Yam Shel Shlomo, and his Talmud
Talmud

The Talmud is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Halakha, Jewish ethics, customs, and history. It is a central text of mainstream Judaism....
ic commentary Chochmat Shlomo. Luria is also referred to as Maharshal ????"? (Hebrew
Hebrew language

Hebrew is a Semitic languages of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Modern Hebrew is spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Classical Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jews communities around the world....
 abbreviation: Our Teacher, Rabbi Solomon Luria), or Rashal ??"? (Rabbi Solomon Luria).

a was born in Posen
Poznan

Poznan is a city in west-central Poland with over 567,882 inhabitants . Located on the Warta River, it is one of the oldest cities in Poland, making it an important historical centre and a vibrant centre of trade, industry, and education....
.






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Solomon Luria (1510 - November 7, 1574) (Hebrew: ???? ?????) was one of the great Ashkenazic poskim
Posek

Posek is the term in Halakha for "decider"?a legal scholar who decides the Halakha in cases of law where previous authorities are inconclusive....
 (decisors of Jewish law
Halakha

Halakha ? also Hebrew transliteration Halocho and Halacha ? is the collective body of Judaism religious law, including biblical law and later talmudic and rabbinic law, as well as customs and traditions....
) and teachers of his time. He is known for his work of Halakha
Halakha

Halakha ? also Hebrew transliteration Halocho and Halacha ? is the collective body of Judaism religious law, including biblical law and later talmudic and rabbinic law, as well as customs and traditions....
, Yam Shel Shlomo, and his Talmud
Talmud

The Talmud is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Halakha, Jewish ethics, customs, and history. It is a central text of mainstream Judaism....
ic commentary Chochmat Shlomo. Luria is also referred to as Maharshal ????"? (Hebrew
Hebrew language

Hebrew is a Semitic languages of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Modern Hebrew is spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Classical Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jews communities around the world....
 abbreviation: Our Teacher, Rabbi Solomon Luria), or Rashal ??"? (Rabbi Solomon Luria).

Biography

Luria was born in Posen
Poznan

Poznan is a city in west-central Poland with over 567,882 inhabitants . Located on the Warta River, it is one of the oldest cities in Poland, making it an important historical centre and a vibrant centre of trade, industry, and education....
. His father, Yechiel Luria, was the rabbi of the Lithuania
Lithuania

Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest....
n city of Slutzk and an eminent Talmud
Talmud

The Talmud is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Halakha, Jewish ethics, customs, and history. It is a central text of mainstream Judaism....
ist. The Luria family could trace it roots back to Rashi
Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, , better known by the acronym Rashi , , was a rabbi from France, famed as the author of the first comprehensive commentary on the Talmud, and Jewish commentaries on the Bible....
; Maharshal was also a cousin of Moshe Isserles. Luria studied in Lublin
Lublin

Lublin is the largest city in Poland east of the Vistula, and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355,954 . It is List of cities and towns in Poland....
 under Rabbi Shalom Shachna
Shalom Shachna

Shalom Shachna , was a rabbi and Talmudist, and Rosh Yeshiva of several great Acharonim including Moses Isserles, who was also his son-in-law....
, and later in the Ostroh
Ostroh

Ostroh is a historic city located in Rivne Oblast of western Ukraine, located on the Horyn River. Ostroh is the Capital of the Ostrozkyi Raion and is itself designated as a special administrative subordination within the oblast....
 yeshiva
Yeshiva

Yeshiva or yeshivah , or metivta or mesivta ) also frequently referred to as a Beth midrash, Talmudical Academy, Rabbinical Academy or Rabbinical School is an institution unique to classical Judaism for Torah study, the study of Talmud, Rabbinic literature and History of responsa....
 under Kalonymus Haberkasten
Kalonymus Haberkasten

Rabbi Kalonymus Haberkasten was a Talmudist in sixteenth century Poland. He is well known as the rosh yeshiva of many great rabbis including Rabbi Solomon Luria; his daughter Lipka married Luria....
; he later married Lipka, daughter of Rabbi Kalonymus. Students in the yeshiva included Joshua Falk
Joshua Falk

Joshua Falk was a Polish Halakha and Talmudist, best known as the author of the Beit Yisrael commentary on the Arba'ah Turim as well as Sefer Me'irat Enayim on Shulkhan Arukh....
. The Maharshal served as Rabbi in Brisk
Brisk

Brisk may refer to:* Brest, Belarus Brisk is the city's name in Yiddish* The Brisk tradition and Soloveitchik dynasty, a school of Jewish thought originated by the Soloveitchik family of Brest ....
 and various Lithuanian communities for 15 years.

When Haberkasten assumed the position of rosh yeshiva
Rosh yeshiva

Rosh yeshiva, , , is the title given to the Dean of a Yeshiva . It is made up of the Hebrew words rosh ? meaning head, and yeshiva ? a school of religious Jewish education....
 in Brisk, Luria replaced him as the official rabbi of the city and region of Ostroh. Luria later succeeded Shalom Shachna
Shalom Shachna

Shalom Shachna , was a rabbi and Talmudist, and Rosh Yeshiva of several great Acharonim including Moses Isserles, who was also his son-in-law....
 as head
Rosh yeshiva

Rosh yeshiva, , , is the title given to the Dean of a Yeshiva . It is made up of the Hebrew words rosh ? meaning head, and yeshiva ? a school of religious Jewish education....
 of the famed Lublin
Lublin

Lublin is the largest city in Poland east of the Vistula, and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355,954 . It is List of cities and towns in Poland....
 Yeshiva, which attracted students from all over Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
. Due to various internal problems in the yeshiva, he opened his own yeshiva
Yeshiva

Yeshiva or yeshivah , or metivta or mesivta ) also frequently referred to as a Beth midrash, Talmudical Academy, Rabbinical Academy or Rabbinical School is an institution unique to classical Judaism for Torah study, the study of Talmud, Rabbinic literature and History of responsa....
. The building, known as the "Maharshal's shul", remained intact until World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
.

Works

Yam Shel Shlomo, Luria's major work of Halakha
Halakha

Halakha ? also Hebrew transliteration Halocho and Halacha ? is the collective body of Judaism religious law, including biblical law and later talmudic and rabbinic law, as well as customs and traditions....
, was written on sixteen tractates of the Talmud; however, it is extant on only seven. In it, Maharshal analyzes key sugyot
Gemara

The Gemara is the part of the Talmud that contains rabbinical commentaries and analysis of the Mishnah. After the Mishnah was published by Judah haNasi , the work was studied exhaustively by generation after generation of rabbis in Babylonia and the Land of Israel....
 (passages) and decides
Posek

Posek is the term in Halakha for "decider"?a legal scholar who decides the Halakha in cases of law where previous authorities are inconclusive....
 between various authorities as to the practical halacha. Maharshal, famously, objected to Isserles's method of presenting halakhic rulings without discussing their derivation. He wrote Yam Shel Shlomo to "probe the depths of the halacha" and to clarify the process by which those halachot are reached.

Chochmat Shlomo is a gloss, and comments, on the text of the Talmud. One function of this work is to correct textual errors. In establishing the correct text Maharshal scrutinized the published editions of the Talmud as well as the commentaries of Rashi
Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, , better known by the acronym Rashi , , was a rabbi from France, famed as the author of the first comprehensive commentary on the Talmud, and Jewish commentaries on the Bible....
, Tosafot
Tosafot

The Tosafot or Tosafos are medi?val commentaries on the Talmud. They take the form of critical and explanatory glosses, printed, in almost all Talmud editions, on the outer margin and opposite Rashi's notes....
, and other Rishonim
Rishonim

"Rishon" redirects here. For the preon model in particle physics, see Harari Rishon Model. For the Israeli town, see Rishon LeZion.Rishonim were the leading Rabbis and Posek who lived approximately during the 11th to 15th centuries, in the era before the writing of the Shulkhan Arukh and following the Geonim....
. His comments were later published by his son; an abridged version of Chochmat Shlomo appears in nearly all editions of the Talmud today, at the end of each tractate. The original, separately printed version, is far more extensive, and has now been re-published in the Metivta/Oz ve-Hadar edition of the Talmud. The Chidah
Chaim Joseph David Azulai

Rabbi Chaim Joseph David ben Isaac Zerachia Azulai , commonly known as the Chida , was a rabbinical scholar and a noted bibliophile, who pioneered the history of Jewish religious writings....
 writes that "I've heard from elders, that the Maharshal is extremely deep; and most hasagot from the Maharshah
Samuel Eidels

Samuel Eidels , was a renowned rabbi and Talmudist famous for his commentary on the Talmud, Chiddushei Halachot. Eidels is also known as Maharsha Hebrew acronym for: "Our Teacher, Rabbi Shmuel Eidels")....
 on the Maharshal, aren't hasagot if the reader will delve deep into the subject".

Maharshal also wrote:
  • Yeri'ot Shlomo, a supercommentary on Rashi
    Rashi

    Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, , better known by the acronym Rashi , , was a rabbi from France, famed as the author of the first comprehensive commentary on the Talmud, and Jewish commentaries on the Bible....
    's commentary on the Torah
    Torah

    The term "Torah" , or Five Books of Moses or Pentateuch, refers to the entirety of Judaism's founding Halakha and ethical religious texts....
     (in fact a commentary on Elijah Mizrachi
    Elijah Mizrachi

    Elijah Mizrachi was a Talmudist and posek, an authority on Halakha. He is best known for his Sefer ha-Mizrachi, a supercommentary on Rashi's commentary on the Torah....
    's supercommentary on Rashi);
  • Amudei Shlomo, a commentary
    Close reading

    In literary criticism, close reading describes the careful, sustained interpretation of a brief passage of text. Such a reading places great emphasis on the particular over the general, paying close attention to individual words, syntax, and the order in which sentences and ideas unfold as they are read....
     on Sefer Mitzvot Gadol ("SeMag") of Rabbi Moses ben Jacob of Coucy
    Moses ben Jacob of Coucy

    Moses ben Jacob of Coucy was a French people tosafists and authority on Halakha . He is best known as author of one of the earliest Halakha#Codes of Jewish law, the Sefer Mitzvot Gadol....
    ;
  • A collection of Responsa
    Responsa

    Responsa comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by legal scholars in response to questions addressed to them....
    ; see History of Responsa: Sixteenth century
    History of Responsa

    History of responsa in Judaism spans a period of 1,700 years. Responsa#In Judaism constitute a special class of rabbinic literature, differing in form, but not necessarily in content, from Rabbinic commentaries devoted to the exegesis of the Tanakh, the Mishnah, the Talmud, and halakha ....
    .


See also


  • Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm
    Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm

    Elijah Ba'al Shem was a Poland rabbi who studied under Rabbi Solomon Luria and later became the Chief Rabbi of Chelm. He was a co-signer of the Agunah laws and, according to legend, was able to create a Golem creature with Kabbalah....
     - one of his famous students who, according to legend, could create a golem
    Golem

    In Jewish folklore, a golem is an animate being created entirely from inanimate matter. In modern Hebrew language the word golem literally means "cocoon", but can also mean "fool", "silly", or even "stupid"....
     creature.


External links

  • , chabad.org
  • , ou.org
  • , jewishencyclopedia.com