Lublin

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Lublin

Lublin is the largest city in Poland east of the Vistula

Vistula

The Vistula , is the longest river in Poland at 1,047 km in length. It drains an area of 194,424 km? , of which 168,699 km? lies within Poland ....
, and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship

Lublin Voivodeship

Lublin Voivodeship is a Voivodeships of Poland, or province, in eastern Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former #Lublin Voivodeship 1975–1998, Chelm Voivodeship, Zamosc Voivodeship, Biala Podlaska Voivodeship and Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship and Siedlce Voivodeship Voivodeships, pursuant to the 1998 Local Government Re...
with a population of 355,954 (2004). It is Poland's ninth largest city.
History
The first permanent settlements on the Lublin site were established in the early Middle Ages

Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
, though archeological finds indicate a long, earlier presence of various cultures in the general area. The earliest, most significant settlement began in the 6th century, on a hill located in the suburb of Czwartek (in Polish Thursday, most likely in reference to the market day of the settlement).

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Encyclopedia

Lublin is the largest city in Poland east of the Vistula

Vistula

The Vistula , is the longest river in Poland at 1,047 km in length. It drains an area of 194,424 km? , of which 168,699 km? lies within Poland ....
, and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship

Lublin Voivodeship

History

The first permanent settlements on the Lublin site were established in the early Middle Ages

Middle Ages

Lublin Old Town

Lublin Old Town - constitutes one of the most precious Poland complexes of historic buildings. The Crown Tribunal alongside with the 14th-century Krak?w Gate leading from the Old Town to the city center are commonly considered symbols of the city....
, were also settled at around this time. In the 10th and 11th centuries the Czwartek settlement developed into an important trade centre. The location of Lublin at the eastern borders of the Polish lands gave it a military significance. The first fortification on the site may have been built as early as the 8th century, possibly on the Castle Hill. Certainly at the end of the 10th century a significant fortification existed there. As the castle grew, the Old Town hill adjacent to it became the main focus of settlement, and the Czwartek settlement declined in relative importance. The castle became the seat of a Castellan

Castellan

A castellan was the governor or Property caretaker of a castle or keep. The word stems from the Latin Castellanus, derived from castellum 'castle'....
, first mentioned in historical sources from 1224, but quite possibly present from the start of the 12th, or even 10th century. The oldest historical document mentioning Lublin dates from 1198, so the name must have come into general use some time earlier.

The city was a target of attacks by Tatars

Tatars

Tatars , sometimes spelled Tartars, refers to a Turkic people ethnic group mainly inhabiting Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Poland....
, Ruthenes, Yotvingians

Yotvingians

Yotvingians or Sudovians were a Balts people with close cultural ties to the Lithuanians and Prussians. The Sudovian language was a Western Baltic language nearest to Prussian language, but with small variations....
and Lithuanians

Lithuanians

Lithuanians are the Balts ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number a little over 3 million people. Another million or more make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Russia, United Kingdom and Ireland....
and was destroyed a number of times. It received a city charter in 1317. Casimir the Great

Casimir III of Poland

Casimir III the Great , last List of Polish monarchs from the Piast dynasty , was the son of King Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high and Jadwiga of Gniezno and Greater Poland....
, appreciating the strategic importance of the site, built a masonry castle in 1341 and encircled the city with defensive walls. In 1392, the city received an important trade privilege from king Wladyslaw Jagiello

Jogaila

Jogaila, later Wladyslaw II Jagiello , was Grand Duchy of Lithuania and King of Poland. He ruled in Lithuania from 1377, at first with his uncle, Kestutis....
, and with the coming of the peace between Poland and Lithuania developed into a great trade centre carrying a large portion of commerce between the two countries. In 1474 the area around Lublin was combined to form the Lublin Voivodeship

Lublin Voivodeship

Lublin Voivodeship is a Voivodeships of Poland, or province, in eastern Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former #Lublin Voivodeship 1975–1998, Chelm Voivodeship, Zamosc Voivodeship, Biala Podlaska Voivodeship and Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship and Siedlce Voivodeship Voivodeships, pursuant to the 1998 Local Government Re...
. In the 15th century and 16th century the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in 16th and 17th-century Europe, formed by a Union of Lublin of Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569....
were held in Lublin. During the 16th century the noble parliaments (sejm

Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
) were held in Lublin a number of times. On June 26, 1569, one of the most important ones proclaimed the Union of Lublin

Union of Lublin

The Union of Lublin replaced the personal union of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with a real union and an elective monarchy, since Sigismund II Augustus, the last of the Jagiellons, remained childless after three marriages....
, which united Poland and Lithuania

Lithuania

Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest....
. The Lithuanian name for the city is Liublinas.

Some of the artists and writers of the Polish renaissance lived and worked in Lublin, including Sebastian Klonowic

Sebastian Klonowic

Sebastian Fabian Klonowic was a Poland poet and writer. He wrote in both Polish language and Latin. He first lived in Lviv, in Ukraine, then he settled in Lublin....
and Jan Kochanowski

Jan Kochanowski

Jan Kochanowski was a Polish Renaissance List of Polish language poets who established poetic patterns that would become integral to Polish Polish literature language ....
, who died in the city in 1584. In 1578 the Crown Tribunal

Crown Tribunal

File:Lublin trybunal noc.jpgCrown Tribunal ? was the highest appeal court in the Crown of the Polish Kingdom for most cases, exceptions being the cases were a noble landowner was threatened with loss of life and/or property - then he could appeal to the Sejm court ....
was established in the city, this being the highest court of the Lesser Poland

Lesser Poland

Lesser Poland is one of the historical regions of Poland. It forms the southeastern corner of the country. It should not be confused with the modern Lesser Poland Voivodeship, which covers just a part of the historical region of Lesser Poland...
region.

Since the second half of the 16th century, Reformation

Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a Christian reform movement in Europe. It is thought to have begun in 1517 with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses and may be considered to have ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648....
movements developed in Lublin, and a large congregation of Polish Brethren

Polish Brethren

Polish Brethren was the name of a Protestant Poland church from the 16th century....
was present in the city. One of Poland's most important Jewish communities was also established in Lublin around this time. It continued to be a vital part of the city's life until the community ceased to exist during the Nazi

Nazism

Nazism, officially National Socialism , refers to the ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Workers? Party under Adolf Hitler, and the policies adopted by the dictatorial government of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945....
Holocaust

The Holocaust

The Holocaust , also known as , Churben is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler....
. Between 1580 and 1764 the Jewish Council of Four Lands Arba Aracot (Sejm

Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
of 4 countries) was held in Lublin. 70 delegates of Jewish local kahals met to discuss issue of taxations and other important for Jewish communities issues.

Students came to Lublin from all over Europe

Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
to study at the yeshiva

Yeshiva

Yeshiva or yeshivah , or metivta or mesivta ) also frequently referred to as a Beth midrash, Talmudical Academy, Rabbinical Academy or Rabbinical School is an institution unique to classical Judaism for Torah study, the study of Talmud, Rabbinic literature and History of responsa....
there. The yeshiva became a centre of learning of both Talmud

Talmud

The Talmud is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Halakha, Jewish ethics, customs, and history. It is a central text of mainstream Judaism....
and Kabbalah

Kabbalah

Kabbalah is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mysticism aspect of Judaism. It is a set of esoteric teachings that are meant to explain the relationship between an infinite, eternal and essentially unknowable Creator deity with the finite and mortal universe of His creation....
. The great scholarship of those who studied there led to the city being named the "Jewish Oxford"; the Rosh yeshiva

Rosh yeshiva

Rosh yeshiva, , , is the title given to the Dean of a Yeshiva . It is made up of the Hebrew words rosh ? meaning head, and yeshiva ? a school of religious Jewish education....
received the title of rector and equal rights to those in Polish universities with the permission of the King in 1567.

In the 17th century, the town suffered a decline due to the Swedish invasion during the Northern Wars

Northern Wars

The Northern Wars is a name sometimes used for the series of conflicts between Sweden and its adversaries Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Russia , Prussia , the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark-Norway ....
. After the Third of the Partitions of Poland

Partitions of Poland

The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth....
in 1795 Lublin was located in the Austrian empire

Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austria branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918....
, then since 1809 in the Duchy of Warsaw

Duchy of Warsaw

The Duchy of Warsaw was a Poland state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit....
, and then since 1815 in the Congress Poland

Congress Poland

Congress Poland [], officially and formally Kingdom of Poland and informally known as Russian Poland was a constitutional personal union of the Russian Empire created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, replaced by the Central Powers in 1915 with the Kingdom of Poland ....
under Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n rule. At the beginning of the 19th century a number of modern urban developments took place, with new squares, streets, and public buildings coming into existence. In 1877 a railway connection to Warsaw

Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
and Kovel

Kovel

Kovel is a city located in the Volyn Oblast , in north-western Ukraine. Serving as the Capital city of the Kovelsky Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast....
was built, which spurred industrial development in the city. Lublin's population grew from 28,900 in 1873 to 50,150 in 1897.

The Russian rule ended in 1915, when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the defeat of the Central Powers

Central Powers

The Central Powers was one of the two sides that participated in World War I, the other being the Allies of World War I....
in 1918, the first government of independent Poland operated in Lublin for a short time. In the inter war years, the city continued to develop, its population grew, and important industrial enterprises were established, including the first aviation factory in Poland, the Plage i Laskiewicz

Plage i Laskiewicz

'Plage i Laskiewicz' was the first Poland aerospace manufacturer, located in Lublin and manufacturing aircraft under 'Lublin' name. Full name was: Zaklady Mechaniczne E....
works, later nationalized as the LWS

LWS (aircraft manufacturer)

LWS - Lubelska Wytw?rnia Samolot?w was the Poland aerospace manufacturer, located in Lublin, created in 1936 of Plage i Laskiewicz works and producing aircraft between 1936 and 1939....
factory. The Catholic University of Lublin was founded in 1918. The city contained a vibrant Jewish community which formed around 40% of Lublin's population. After the 1939 German invasion of Poland

Invasion of Poland (1939)

The Invasion of Poland in 1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak invasion of Poland contingent....
the city found itself in the General Government

General Government

The General Government refers to a part of the territories of Poland under German military occupation during World War II by Nazi Germany and was an autonomous part of "Greater Germany"....
. During the German occupation the city's population was a target of severe oppression by the occupiers, with a particularly grim fate reserved for the Jewish inhabitants. German plans were aimed towards turning Lublin into Germanised city with its population of Ethnic Germans growing towards 20-25 %, compared with 10-15% in 1939.. Near Lublin, a reservation was set up for Jews according to the Nisko Plan

Nisko Plan

The Nisko Plan, also known as the Lublin Plan, was developed in September 1939 by the SS as a territorial solution to the Jewish Question in Nazi Germany....
, also known as "Lublin Plan".

The city served as a German headquarters for Operation Reinhardt, the main German effort to exterminate the Jews in occupied Poland. Lublin's Jewish population was forced into the Lublin ghetto established around the area of Podzamcze

Podzamcze

Podzamcze may refer to the following places:*Podzamcze, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship *Podzamcze, Lublin County in Lublin Voivodeship *Podzamcze, Leczna County in Lublin Voivodeship ...
. The majority of the ghetto's inhabitants, about 26,000 people, was deported to the Belzec

Belzec

Belzec is a village in Tomasz?w Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Belzec. It lies approximately south of Tomasz?w Lubelski and south-east of the regional capital Lublin....
death camp between 17 March and 11 April, 1942. The remainder were moved to facilities around Majdanek

Majdanek

Majdanek was a German Nazi concentration camp on the outskirts of Lublin, Poland. The camp operated from October 1, 1941 until July 22, 1944, when it was captured nearly intact by the advancing Soviet Red Army....
, a large concentration camp established at the outskirts of the city. Most of them were killed by the war's end. After the war the few Jews who survived in hiding or by escaping to Soviet territory reestablished a small Jewish community in the city, but it quickly shrank to insignificance as most Jews left Poland for Israel and the West in the immediate postwar years. The Majdanek

Majdanek

Majdanek was a German Nazi concentration camp on the outskirts of Lublin, Poland. The camp operated from October 1, 1941 until July 22, 1944, when it was captured nearly intact by the advancing Soviet Red Army....
camp, together with the prison established in the Lublin castle, also served as a major centre of terror measures aimed at the non-Jewish population of Lublin and the surrounding district. On 24 July 1944, the city was taken by the Soviet Army and became the temporary capital of a Soviet-controlled communist Polish Committee of National Liberation

Polish Committee of National Liberation

The Polish Committee of National Liberation , also known as the Lublin Committee, was a provisional government of Poland, officially proclaimed 21 July 1944 in Chelm under the direction of State National Council in opposition to the Polish government in exile....
established in the city, which was to serve as basis for a puppet government. The capital was moved to Warsaw

Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
in January 1945. In the postwar years Lublin continued to grow, tripling its population and greatly expanding in area. A considerable scientific and research base was established around the newly founded Maria Curie-Sklodowska University

Maria Curie-Sklodowska University

Maria Curie-Sklodowska University was founded October 23, 1944 in Lublin. It is named in honour of Maria Sklodowska-Curie.Currently the number of students is almost 36,000....
. A large automobile factory (FSC

Fabryka Samochodów Ciezarowych

FSC is a large automotive factory established in Poland while it was part of the Soviet Union bloc. It was founded in 1950 and the first vehicle left its assembly line on November 7, 1951....
) was established in the city.

In July 1980, the workers of Lublin and nearby Swidnik

Swidnik

Swidnik [] is a town in eastern Poland with 42,797 inhabitants , situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, very near the city of Lublin. It is the capital of Swidnik County....
began the first in the wave of mass strikes

Lublin 1980 strikes

The Lublin 1980 strikes were the series of workers? strikes in the area of the eastern city of Lublin , demanding better salaries and lower prices of food products....
aimed against the Communist regime, which eventually led to the emergence of the Solidarity

Solidarity

Solidarity is a Poland trade union federation founded in September 1980 at the Gdansk Shipyard, and originally led by Lech Walesa.Solidarity was the first non-communist trade union in a communist country....
movement. The first strike began on July 8 in the WSK factory in Swidnik

Swidnik

Swidnik [] is a town in eastern Poland with 42,797 inhabitants , situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, very near the city of Lublin. It is the capital of Swidnik County....
. It then quickly spread to other factories in Lublin and the surrounding region. The railroad network and city transit came to a standstill. Ultimately, 150 factories employing 50,000 workers joined the strike. The strikers used a novel tactic of staying inside their factories and occupying them, instead of marching in the streets where the authorities would have found it easy to use force against them. The workers made demands for their economic situation to be improved. They also made political demands, such as: new elections for the leadership of the trade unions, liquidation of privileges for the Communist party governing class, and the reduction of the bureaucracy in the factories.

The July strikes lasted two weeks. The Communist authorities eventually managed to bring them to an end peacefully, mainly by granting economic concessions to the workers. However, the momentum generated by the Lublin strikes quickly gave rise to a new wave of strikes in the Gdansk

Gdansk

Gdansk is the city at the centre of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Poland. It is Poland's principal seaport as well as the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship....
region in August 1980. The workers there used similar tactics as the Lublin workers used a month before, and this time the Communist authorities had to agree to the strikers' demand to set up an independent trade union, which soon became the Solidarity

Solidarity

Economy

The Lublin region had the lowest per capita GDP

Gross domestic product

File:GDP nominal per capita world map IMF 2008.pngThe gross domestic product or gross domestic income is one of the measures of national income and output for a given country's economy....
in the European Union

European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European Union member state, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community....
until Bulgaria

Bulgaria

The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
and Romania

Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
joined in 2007 (it was 32% of EU average in 2002). It is a part of eastern Poland, which has benefited less from the economic transformation after 1989 than other regions of Poland located closer to Western Europe

Western Europe

Western Europe refers to the countries in the western most half of Europe. This concept has had different meanings, political and cultural as well as geographical issues have influenced the area....
. While the standard of living in the city of Lublin is considerably higher than in the surrounding countryside, the city's relatively poor economic performance is tied to the poverty of its surrounding region.

Factories built under the Communist regime in the city have performed poorly in the new market economy. The large car factory FSC

Fabryka Samochodów Ciezarowych

South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea , ), often referred to as Korea and the "names of Korea#Revival of the names", is a Semi-presidential system republic in East Asia, located in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula....
n Daewoo

Daewoo

Daewoo was a major South Korean chaebol . It was founded on 22 March 1967 as Daewoo Industrial and was dismantled by the Korean government in 1999....
conglomerate in the early 1990s. With Daewoo's financial troubles in 1998, the production at FSC practically collapsed and the factory entered bankruptcy. Efforts to restart its van production succeeded when the engine supplier bought the company in order not to lose its prime market. With the decline of Lublin as a regional industrial centre, the city's economy is being reoriented towards the service industries. Currently, the largest employer is the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University

Maria Curie-Sklodowska University

Hops

Hops are the female flower cones, also known as strobiles, of the hop . They are used primarily as a flavoring and stability agent in beer, though hops are also used for various purposes in other beverages and Herbalism....
production since medieval times, and Lublin hops are used in lager

Lager

Lager is the more popular of two main types of beer; the other being ale. Traditionally, lager is stored for at least three weeks before being served....
beer

Beer

Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea. It is produced by the brewing and Fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal?the most common of which is malted barley, although wheat, maize , and rice are widely used....
s throughout Central Europe. A hop plant is depicted on the city's coat of arms

Coat of arms

A coat of arms, more properly called an armorial achievement, armorial bearings or often just arms for short, in European tradition, is a design belonging to a particular person and used by them in a wide variety of ways....
in recognition of this.

The prices of land and investing costs are lower than in western Poland. However, the Lublin area is one of main beneficiaries of the EU development funds- Mr. Jerzy Kwiecinski, the Deputy Secretary of State in the Ministry for Regional Development at the Conference of the Ministry for Regional Development (Poland in the European Union – new possibilities for foreign investors) said: -

“In the immediate financial outlook, between 2007 and 2013, we will be the largest beneficiaries of the EU - every fifth Euro will be spent in Poland. In total, we will have at our disposal 120 billion EUR, assigned exclusively for post development activities. This sum will be an enormous boost for our country”.

In September 2007, the Prime Minister signed a bill creating a special economic investment zone in Lublin that offers tax incentives. It is part of “Park Mielec” – the European Economic Development area. At least 13 large companies had declared their wish to invest here e.g. Carefaur, Comarch, Safo, Asseco, Aliplast, Herbapol and Perla Browary Lubelskie - . At the same time the energy giant Polska Grupa Energetyczna, which will build Poland's first nuclear power station, is to have its main offices in Lublin.

New shopping centers built in Lublin are Lublin Plaza and Galeria Gala, the largest shopping centre in the city, covering 33500 square metres. Similar investments are planned for the near future such as Park Felin (Felicity) and a new gallery between Swietoduska and Lubartowska streets.

Lublin will take an active part in the upcoming EURO 2012 championships, with several preliminary matches being held in the city. This will bring associated investment in infrastructure.

Media

Television

TVP
Telewizja Polska

Telewizja Polska Sp?lka Akcyjna is Poland's public broadcasting corporation.About a third of TVP's income comes from a television licence, while the rest is covered by television advertisement and sponsor ships....
1 (channel 9), TVP 2 (channel 23), Polsat
Polsat

Polsat is Poland's third biggest television channel, founded in 1992 and owned by Zygmunt Solorz-Zak.Polsat belongs to the Polsat Group, which also owns other channels:...
TV (channel 35), TVP Info (channel 39), TVP Lublin (channel 39), TVN
TVN (Poland)

TVN is a major Poland commercial television network, founded by Mariusz Walter and launched on October 3 1997. TVN belongs to the TVN S.A. Group which in turn is controlled by the ITI_Group, the largest Polska media company, holding around 62% ownership interest as of September 2008....
(channel 41), TV 4 (channel 57).

Radio

Radio eR - 87,9 FM, Radio Lublin (regional station of the Polish Radio) - 89,9 FM / 102,2 FM, Radio Puls (part of the Zlote Przeboje) - 95,6 FM, - 98,2 FM, Radio Eska Lublin - 103,6 FM,National and regional radios:
RMF FM
RMF FM

RMF FM - the most popular and a first commercial radio station in Poland. RMF FM started broadcasting on 15 January 1990 in Cracow. The current director is Kazimierz Gr?dek....
- 89,3 FM, Polish Radio 1 - 90,8 FM, Polish Radio 2 - 91,8 FM, Radio Maryja - 97 FM, Polish Radio EURO - 99 FM, Radio Kielce (regional station of the Polish Radio) - 101,4 FM, Polish Radio Trójka - 104,2 FM, Radio ESKA ROCK - 106,1 FM, Radio Zet
Radio Zet

Radio Zet is a Poland radio station. The current owner of the station is Eurozet.Radio Zet started broadcasting on 28 September 1990, being the first private radio station in Warsaw....
- 107 FM.

Newspapers

Kurier Lubelski (daily, regional partner of the national newspaper "Polska. The Times")
(daily)
Gazeta Wyborcza (daily, regional supplement to the national newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza
Gazeta Wyborcza

Gazeta Wyborcza [] is Poland's second-largest daily newspaper aimed at left-leaning liberal readers. It is considered to be one of the most influential and opinion-forming newspapers in Poland....
)
(daily, free)
Nasze Miasto Lublin (weekly, free)

Transport
Trains run ten times a day to Warsaw and three times to Krakow as well as all other major cities in Poland. Buses also run from below the castle in the Old Town and serve most of the same destinations as the rail network. The fast train to Warsaw takes around two and half hours and public transport is available from there to Frederic Chopin Airport, which is only 10 km outside the centre and has flights worldwide. The Polski Express bus service runs seven daily buses from the airport direct to Lublin and the journey takes around three and a half hours (; ).

Airport
Construction of a new airport at Swidnik, near Lublin, which has been approved and will receive EU funding. Opening is scheduled for 2011.

Tourism and nightlife
Lublin, by some called "little Cracow", has historic architecture and a unique ambiance, especially the Old Town. Trinity Chapel has been declared a UNESCO world heritage site Catering to students, who account for 35% of the population, the city offers a vibrant music and nightclub scene Lublin has many theatres, philharmonic orchestras and museums.The Zemborzycki Zalew is a large man-made lake used for wind surfing, fishing and other water sports. Lublin’s Old Town has cobbled streets and traditional architecture. The Old Town Hall and Tribunal in the Market Square is surrounded by burgher houses and winding lanes. A 104-metre-tall concrete TV Tower consists of a frame structure within which the tower stands .

European capital of culture
Since 2007, Lublin has joined the group of Polish cities which are candidates for the title of European Capital of Culture
European Capital of Culture

The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year during which it is given a chance to showcase its culture life and cultural development....
, as the one and only city from the eastern half of Poland. Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
will participate in this title with Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
in 2016.

Education
There are six schools of higher education, including Maria Curie-Sklodowska University
Maria Curie-Sklodowska University

Maria Curie-Sklodowska University was founded October 23, 1944 in Lublin. It is named in honour of Maria Sklodowska-Curie.Currently the number of students is almost 36,000....
(UMCS) and John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin

John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin is located in Lublin, Poland. Presently it has an enrollment of over 19,000 students. It has eight...
(KUL). *UMCS - in Lublin
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin

John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin is located in Lublin, Poland. Presently it has an enrollment of over 19,000 students. It has eight...
(KUL) -

Lublin also hosts a number of private higher education establishments. The Polish Government has plans to establish a new University in Lublin in cooperation with the Ukraine Government, which promises to be one of the most innovative international ventures of recent years. The Polish-Ukrainian Academy will support multicultural exchange, and will highlight Polish and Ukrainian heritage and history. It promises to be a milestone in the rapprochement between Poland and Ukraine, and between Ukraine and the European Union
European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European Union member state, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community....
.

Uniwersytet Medyczny
Medical University of Lublin

Medical University of Lublin has its origins in the year 1944 in Lublin, Poland. The University gained its autonomy in 1950. As the years passed, new departments were added such as the Department of Dentistry in 1973....
(Medical University of Lublin)
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski im. Jana Pawla II
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin

John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin is located in Lublin, Poland. Presently it has an enrollment of over 19,000 students. It has eight...

Lubelska Szkola Biznesu
Politechnika Lubelska
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej
Wyzsza Szkola Ekonomii i Innowacji w Lublinie
Wyzsza Szkola Nauk Spolecznych z siedziba w Lublinie
Wyzsza Szkola Przedsiebiorczosci i Administracji
Wyzsza Szkola Spoleczno-Przyrodnicza w Lublinie

Sports

Start Lublin
Start Lublin

Start Lublin is a Poland basketball team, based in Lublin, playing in Era Basket Liga....
- men's basketball team, 12th in Era Basket Liga in 2003–2004 season.
SPR Safo iCom Lublin (formerly Bystrzyca Lublin
Bystrzyca Lublin

Bystrzyca Lublin was a Poland women's team handball team, based in Lublin, playing in Polish Ekstraklasa Women's Handball League . Due to financial difficulties the team was dissolved in 2004 and its players absorbed into a new team, SPR Safo iCom Lublin ....
) - women's handball
Handball in Poland

Team handball is a popular team sport in Poland.* Polish Seria A Handball League* Polish Seria B Handball League* Polish Seria A Women's Handball League...
team playing in Polish Ekstraklasa Women's Handball League
Polish Ekstraklasa Women's Handball League

History* 1939 - Znicz L?dz* 1946 - Zryw L?dz* 1947 - Zryw L?dz* 1948 - SKS Warszawa* 1949 - Unia L?dz* 1950 - Sp?jnia Warszawa* 1951 - Unia L?dz...
: 2nd place in 2003–2004 season: also a winner of Women's EHF Cup
Women's EHF Cup

The Women's EHF Cup is an official competition for women's handball clubs of Europe and takes place every year....
in season 2000/2001.
Motor Lublin
Motor Lublin

Motor Lublin, are a Poland professional football team based in Lublin. The club were founded in December 1950 with their nickname The Yellow, White and Blues reflecting their official colours....
- professional football team competing in the Polish second division.
Lublinianka - men's football team competing in the Polish league (fourth division as of 2006–07).
Budowlani Lublin - a local Rugby Union
Rugby union

Rugby union is a competitive outdoor contact sport, played with an oval ball, by two teams of 15 players. It is one of the two main codes of rugby football, the other being rugby league....
team competing in the Polish, and surrounding district league.
TZ Lublin speedway
Motorcycle speedway

Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four clockwise laps of an oval circuit....
club competing in the Polish league (second division).
LSKT - Lublin's taekwon-do sport club.

Notable residents

* Janusz Lewandowski
Janusz Lewandowski

Janusz Lewandowski is a Poland economist and politician belonging to the Gdansk liberals group, and a member of the European Parliament , Chairman of the Committee on Budgets....
(1951—) - MEP
Member of the European Parliament

A Member of the European Parliament is the English name for a person who has been elected to the European Parliament, of of the the European Union's two legislative bodies....
, former minister of privatization; born in Lublin
Stanislaw Kostka Potocki
Stanislaw Kostka Potocki

Count Stanislaw Kostka Potocki was a Poland szlachcic, politician, writer, publicist, collector and patron of art....
(1755–1821)
Rabbi
Rabbi

Rabbi , in Judaism, means a religious ?teacher?, or more literally, ?my great one?, when addressing any master. The word rabbi derives from the Hebrew root word , rav, which in biblical Hebrew means ?great?, used in many senses, including the sense of a ?master? and apprentice, whence someone who is a distinguished ?teacher?....
Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin
Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin

Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin, also Jacob Isaac of Lublin, or Y. Y. Horowitz , known as "The Chozeh of Lublin" , or simply as the "Chozeh", was a Hasidic Judaism rebbe from Poland....
(1745–1815) - "The Seer of Lublin"
Henryk Wieniawski
Henryk Wieniawski

Henryk Wieniawski was a Poland violinist and composer....
(1835–1880) - great violin
Violin

The violin is a Bow string instrument with four strings usually tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest and highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which also includes the viola and cello....
virtuoso
Virtuoso

A virtuoso is an individual who possesses outstanding technical ability at singing or playing a musical instrument. The plural form is either virtuosi or the Anglicisation, virtuosos, and the feminine form sometimes used is virtuosa....
; born in Lublin
Jacek Bak
Jacek Bak

Jacek Bak , is a Poland football er who plays as a defender for Austria Wien in Austria, as well as for the Poland national football team....
(polish footballer, captain of Poland on World Cup 2006)
Wincenty Pol
Wincenty Pol

Wincenty Pol was a Poland poet and geographer....
(1807-1872) poet and geographer
Katarzyna Dolinska (Of America's Next Top Model, Cycle 10
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 10

America's Next Top Model, Cycle 10 was the tenth cycle of America's Next Top Model and the fourth season to be aired on The CW Television Network network....
, came in 5th place)

Politics

Lublin constituency

Members of Parliament (Sejm
Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
) elected from Lublin constituency:
Zyta Gilowska
Zyta Gilowska

Zyta Gilowska is a Poland economist and politician. From 7 January until 23 June 2006 she was Deputy Prime Minister of Poland and Finance Minister in the Law and Justice government led by Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz and then by Jaroslaw Kaczynski....
, PIS
Stanislaw Glebocki, Samoobrona
Arkadiusz Kasznia, SLD
Democratic Left Alliance

Democratic Left Alliance is a centre-left Polish social democracy political party. A coalition of left-wing parties used this name from 1991 to 1999....
-UP
Labour Union (Poland)

Labour Union is a Poland left wing political party. It is a member of the Party of European Socialists, and Socialist International.Labour Union was formed in June, 1992....
Elzbieta Kruk
Elzbieta Kruk

Elzbieta Kruk is a Polish politician, member of Prawo i Sprawiedliwosc . She was elected to Sejm on September 25 2005 and she is the president of Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji....
, PiS
Grzegorz Kurczuk
Grzegorz Kurczuk

Grzegorz Kurczuk is a Poland politician. He was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 9683 votes in 6 Lublin district, candidating from Democratic Left Alliance list....
, SLD-UP
Robert Lusnia, LPR
Andrzej Manka
Andrzej Manka

Andrzej Manka is a Poland politician. He was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 10646 votes in 6 Lublin district, candidating from Liga Polskich Rodzin list....
, PiS
Gabriela Maslowska
Gabriela Maslowska

Gabriela Maslowska is a Poland politician. She was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 11977 votes in 6 Lublin district, candidating from Liga Polskich Rodzin list....
, LPR
Wiktor Osik, SLD-UP
Zdzislaw Podkanski
Zdzislaw Podkanski

Zdzislaw Zbigniew Podkanski is a Politics of Poland politician andMember of the European Parliament for the Lublin Voivodshipwith the Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, part of the European People's Party and...
, PSL
Tadeusz Polanski, PSL
Izabella Sierakowska
Izabella Sierakowska

Izabella Antonina Sierakowska, maiden name Kruszynska is a Poland politician and one of the leading and the most popular persons of the Polish left....
, SLD-UP
Zygmunt Jerzy Szymanski, SLD-UP
Leszek Swietochowski, PSL
Marian Widz, Samoobrona
Józef Zywiec, Samoobrona
Janusz Palikot
Janusz Palikot

Janusz Palikot is a controversial and outspoken Poland politician, activist and businessman. He was elected to Sejm twice on September 25, 2005 getting 26 275 votes in 6 Lublin district, running on the Platforma Obywatelska list and in 2007 getting 44 186 votes....
, PO

Sister cities
Windsor
Windsor, Ontario

Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and lies at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. Windsor is located south of Detroit, Michigan, is separated from that city by the Detroit River, and has views of the Detroit skyline....
, Ontario
Ontario

Ontario is a Provinces and territories of Canada located in the Central Canada part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area....
, Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
Brest
Brest, Belarus

For other uses, see BrestBrest , formerly also Brest-on-the-Bug and Brest-Litovsk, is a city in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the city of Terespol, where the Western Bug River and Mukhavets River rivers meet....
, Belarus
Belarus

Belarus is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the north....
Alcalá de Henares
Alcalá de Henares

Alcal? de Henares, meaning Castle on the river Henares, is a Spain city, whose historical centre is one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, and one of the first bishoprics founded in Spain....
, Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
Debrecen
Debrecen

Debrecen , , is the second largest city in Hungary after Budapest. Debrecen is the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain Regions of Hungary and the capital of Hajd?-Bihar county....
, Hungary
Hungary

Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
Delmenhorst
Delmenhorst

Delmenhorst is an urban district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It has a population of 76,000 and is located between Bremen and Oldenburg. The city has a total area of 62.36 km? and a population density of about 1219 per km?....
, Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
Erie
Erie, Pennsylvania

Erie is an industrial city on the shore of Lake Erie in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Named for the lake and the Erie tribe that resided along its southern shore, Erie is the state's fourth largest city , with a population of 104,000....
, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a U.S. state located in the Northeastern United States and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States....
, United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
Lancaster
Lancaster, Lancashire

Lancaster is a City status in the United Kingdom in North West England and the county town of Lancashire. It is situated on the River Lune and has a population of 45,952....
, United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
Luhans'k, Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
Lutsk
Lutsk

Lutsk is a city located by the Styr River in north-western Ukraine. It is the Capital city of the Volyn Oblast , as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Lutsky Raion within the oblast....
, Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
L'viv, Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
Münster
Münster

M?nster is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region and it is also capital of the government region M?nster ....
, Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
Nancy
Nancy

Nancy is a city in the Meurthe-et-Moselle Departments of France in northeastern France.The city is the capital of the department. The metropolitan area of Nancy had a population of 410,509 inhabitants at the 1999 census, 103,602 of whom lived in the city of Nancy proper ....
, France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
Nykøbing Falster
Nykøbing Falster

Nyk?bing Falster is a southern Denmark city located in Guldborgsund municipality Commune . It belongs to Region Sj?lland. The city is geographically partitioned on two islands of Lolland and Falster, connected by the 295 meter long Frederick IX Bridge over the Guldborgsund waterway....
, Denmark
Denmark

Denmark is a Scandinavian country in northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries....
Panevežys
Panevežys

Paneve?ys is the fifth largest List of cities in Lithuania in Lithuania. It occupies 50 square kilometers with more than 115,000 inhabitants....
, Lithuania
Lithuania

Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest....
Pernik
Pernik

Pernik is a city in western Bulgaria with a population of 91,883 . It is the main city of Pernik Province and lies on both banks of the Struma River in the Pernik Valley between the Viskyar, Vitosha and Golo Bardo mountains....
, Bulgaria
Bulgaria

The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
Rishon Lezion
Rishon LeZion

Rishon LeZion , is the List of cities in Israel in Israel, located along the central Israeli Coastal Plain. It is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area with a population of 224,300 at the end of 2007....
, Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
Starobielsk, Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
Viseu
Viseu

Viseu is both a List of cities in Portugal and a municipalities of Portugal in the D?o-Laf?es subregion of Centro Region, Portugal. The municipality, with an area of 507.1 km?, has a population of 98,753 , and the city proper has 47,250....
, Portugal
Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....

See also

Lublin Department
Lublin Department

Lublin Department was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland Duchy of Warsaw in years 1810-1815.Capital city: Lublin....
(Polish: Departament Lubelski): a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland's Duchy of Warsaw
Duchy of Warsaw

The Duchy of Warsaw was a Poland state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit....
, 1806–1815
Nasze Miasto Lublin
Nasze Miasto Lublin

Nasze Miasto Lublin a free local polish newspaper about Lublin.External links ...
local newspaper
Teatr Muzyczny w Lublinie Musical Theatre in Lublin (opera,operetta,musical,balet)
Filharmonia Lubelska Lublin Philharmonic

Lublin

History

Economy

Media

Television

Radio

Newspapers

Transport

Airport

Tourism and nightlife

European capital of culture

Education

Sports

Notable residents

Politics

Lublin constituency

Sister cities

See also

External links