Sha Wenhan
Encyclopedia
Sha Wenhan was a Chinese historian, revolutionary
, educator and politician. Sha was a former Governor of Zhejiang Province of China
, and a former President of Zhejiang University
.
), Ningbo
, Zhejiang Province, Qing Dynasty
China in 1908. Sha's original name was Sha Wenhuan (Chinese: 沙文沅), his style name
was Wenshu (文舒), and used aliases like Chen Yuanyang (陈元阳) and Zhang Deng (张登). One of sha's brother Sha Menghai
, was a famous Chinese calligraphy
master.
Sha studied at Zhejiang Provincial 4th Normal School (浙江省立第四师范学校) in Ningbo. Then he transferred to a financial school. In Apr 1925, Sha joined the Communist Party of China
(CCP). In summer 1925 in Ningbo, Sha participated in the activity which supported the May Thirtieth Movement in Shanghai. In 1926, Sha graduated from the financial school, went back to Yin County, and led some local peasants movements. In Nov 1927, Sha became the CCP party chief of Fenghua City.
In Jan 1928, Sha went to study in Shanghai. In Jul 1929, Sha went to Moscow and studied at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East
, where he studied Russian
Marxism-Leninism
and met his future wife Chen Xiuliang (陈修良). In Feb 1932, Sha went to Tokyo, Japan, and studied at the Imperial University of Tokyo
and Japan Railway School (日本铁道学校?). In 1934, Sha went back to Shanghai but soon to Tokyo again. In 1940, Sha was the acting CCP party chief (=Secretary-general
) of Jiangsu Province.
After 1949, Sha was pointed as the President of Zhejiang University
in Hangzhou
. In Dec 1954, Sha became the Governor of Zhejiang Province
. In 1957, Sha was dismissed from the party in the Anti-Rightist Movement
; Sha was the highest-ranked victim in the early phase of this political movement
. On 2 Jan 1964, Sha died in Hangzhou.
Sha wrote many articles and one monograph
about Chinese history. He was an accomplished writer.
Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either actively participates in, or advocates revolution. Also, when used as an adjective, the term revolutionary refers to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor.-Definition:...
, educator and politician. Sha was a former Governor of Zhejiang Province of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
, and a former President of Zhejiang University
Zhejiang University
Zhejiang University , sometimes referred to as Zheda, is a national university in China. Founded in 1897, Zhejiang University is one of China's oldest institutions of higher education...
.
Biography
Sha was born in Yin County (current Yinzhou DistrictYinzhou District, Ningbo
- History :In 220 BC, Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, established three counties called Yin, Mao and Gouzhang . Later they were merged into Gouzhang county during the Sui Dynasty. It was renamed Mao county during the Tang Dynasty. It had assumed its current name of "Yin" in...
), Ningbo
Ningbo
Ningbo is a seaport city of northeastern Zhejiang province, Eastern China. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, the municipality has a population of 7,605,700 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 3,089,180 in the built up area made of 6 urban districts. It lies south of the Hangzhou Bay,...
, Zhejiang Province, Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
China in 1908. Sha's original name was Sha Wenhuan (Chinese: 沙文沅), his style name
Chinese style name
A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name , is a given name to be used later in life. After 20 years of age, the zì is assigned in place of one's given name as a symbol of adulthood and respect...
was Wenshu (文舒), and used aliases like Chen Yuanyang (陈元阳) and Zhang Deng (张登). One of sha's brother Sha Menghai
Sha Menghai
Sha Menghai , born Shi Wenruo , was a great master of calligraphy in China. He is widely regarded as the top one of Chinese modern art of calligraphy. He also was a master of Chinese seal carving , a theoretician of traditional Chinese art, and a master of Shanghai School art. Sha Wenhan is his...
, was a famous Chinese calligraphy
East Asian calligraphy
East Asian calligraphy is a form of calligraphy widely practised and revered in the Sinosphere. This most often includes China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. The East Asian calligraphic tradition originated and developed from China. There is a general standardization of the various styles of...
master.
Sha studied at Zhejiang Provincial 4th Normal School (浙江省立第四师范学校) in Ningbo. Then he transferred to a financial school. In Apr 1925, Sha joined the Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
(CCP). In summer 1925 in Ningbo, Sha participated in the activity which supported the May Thirtieth Movement in Shanghai. In 1926, Sha graduated from the financial school, went back to Yin County, and led some local peasants movements. In Nov 1927, Sha became the CCP party chief of Fenghua City.
In Jan 1928, Sha went to study in Shanghai. In Jul 1929, Sha went to Moscow and studied at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East
Communist University of the Toilers of the East
The Communist University of the Toilers of the East or KUTV was established April 21, 1921, in Moscow by the Communist International as a training college for communist cadres in the colonial world. The school officially opened on October 21, 1921...
, where he studied Russian
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
Marxism-Leninism
Marxism-Leninism
Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology, officially based upon the theories of Marxism and Vladimir Lenin, that promotes the development and creation of a international communist society through the leadership of a vanguard party over a revolutionary socialist state that represents a dictatorship...
and met his future wife Chen Xiuliang (陈修良). In Feb 1932, Sha went to Tokyo, Japan, and studied at the Imperial University of Tokyo
University of Tokyo
, abbreviated as , is a major research university located in Tokyo, Japan. The University has 10 faculties with a total of around 30,000 students, 2,100 of whom are foreign. Its five campuses are in Hongō, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane and Nakano. It is considered to be the most prestigious university...
and Japan Railway School (日本铁道学校?). In 1934, Sha went back to Shanghai but soon to Tokyo again. In 1940, Sha was the acting CCP party chief (=Secretary-general
Secretary-General
-International intergovernmental organizations:-International nongovernmental organizations:-Sports governing bodies:...
) of Jiangsu Province.
After 1949, Sha was pointed as the President of Zhejiang University
Presidents of Zhejiang University
-Qiushi Academy - Zhejiang Advanced College period:-National 3rd Sun Yat-sen University - National Chekiang University period :Chekiang University or National Chekiang University is also known as the University of Chekiang...
in Hangzhou
Hangzhou
Hangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people...
. In Dec 1954, Sha became the Governor of Zhejiang Province
Politics of Zhejiang
The politics of Zhejiang Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China....
. In 1957, Sha was dismissed from the party in the Anti-Rightist Movement
Anti-Rightist Movement
The Anti-Rightist Movement of the People's Republic of China in the 1950s and early 1960s consisted of a series of campaigns to purge alleged "rightists" within the Communist Party of China and abroad...
; Sha was the highest-ranked victim in the early phase of this political movement
Political movement
A political movement is a social movement in the area of politics. A political movement may be organized around a single issue or set of issues, or around a set of shared concerns of a social group...
. On 2 Jan 1964, Sha died in Hangzhou.
Sha wrote many articles and one monograph
Monograph
A monograph is a work of writing upon a single subject, usually by a single author.It is often a scholarly essay or learned treatise, and may be released in the manner of a book or journal article. It is by definition a single document that forms a complete text in itself...
about Chinese history. He was an accomplished writer.
Work
- 《沙文汉诗文选集》(Poetic and Literal Collections of Sha Wenhan); ISBN 7-80618-502-X; Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences (a branch of the Chinese Academy of Social SciencesChinese Academy of Social SciencesThe Chinese Academy of Social Sciences , established in 1977, is the premier and highest academic research organization in the fields of philosophy and social sciences as well as a national center for comprehensive studies in the People's Republic of China. It was described by Foreign Policy...
) Press; 1998; 44 Chapters, 435 Pages.