Sergio Buarque de Hollanda
Encyclopedia
Sérgio Buarque de Holanda (São Paulo
, July 11, 1902 - São Paulo
, April 24, 1982) was an important Brazil
ian writer, journalist, historian and member of the .
In 1921, he moved with his family to Rio de Janeiro
. He participated in the Week of Modern Art
of 1922, in São Paulo
, being nominated by Mário de Andrade
and Oswaldo de Andrade, the representative of the in Rio de Janeiro.
In 1925, he earned the degree of bachelor of law from the Universidade do Brasil (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
today).
In 1926, he moved to Cacheiro do Itapemirim, in Espírito Santo
, after being invited by the director of the newspaper O Progresso. In the same year, he founded with , the magazine Estética.
He returned to Rio de Janeiro in 1927 and started to work as a columnist of the Jornal do Brasil
and as an employee of the United Press Agency.
In 1929 he traveled to Europe
as a correspondent of the Diários Associados and settled in Berlin
, where he met Max Weber
and also encountered Friedrich Meinecke
.
He collaborated, in 1930, in the "Brasilianische Rundschau" magazine of the Conselho do Comércio Brasileiro de Hamburg
o. In 1936, back in Brasil, he worked at the Universidade do Distrito Federal as assistant-teacher to Henri Hauser
in the chair of contemporary and modern history
. He also taught comparative literature
as an assistant to Professor Trouchon.
In 1936, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda published his book Raízes do Brasil, considered by many to be one of the most important books ever written in Brazil.
In 1939, when the Universidade do Distrito Federal was closed, Sergio Buarque de Holanda was invited by Augusto Meyer
to be the director of the publishing sector of the . Invited by the State Departament sector of International Relations, he traveled in 1941 to the US.
Three years later, in 1944, he became the director of the Divisão de Consulta da Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. In 1945, he participated of the Democratic Left foundation, and traveled to São Paulo to participate in the Writers' Congress. He was elected as president of the Seção do Distrito Federal da Associação Brasileira de Escritores.
In 1946, he moved to São Paulo, where he substituted for his ex-professor, Anso de E. Taunay, as director of the Museu Paulista
.
In 1947, he became professor of Economic History of Brazil in the Escola de Sociologia e Política, substituting for .
He traveled to Paris for three academic conferences at the Sorbonne
, in 1949.
In 1952, he moved with his family to Italy
, where he stayed for two years as visiting professor in the Brazilian Studies Department of University of Rome
.
In 1957, he received the Edgard Cavalheiro Prize from the Instituto Nacional do Livro after publishing the book "Caminhos e Fronteiras". He occupied in 1958, the chair of History of the Brazilian Civilization in the Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas of University of São Paulo
(USP), with the thesis Visão do Paraíso - os motivos edênicos no descobrimento e na colonização do Brasil.
He became in 1962 the first director of the Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros of University of São Paulo
. From 1963 to 1967, he traveled as visiting professor to universities in Chile
and the United States
and participated in cultural missions in association with Unesco
in Peru
and Costa Rica
.
In 1969, he retired from his job as professor of USP in solidarity with his colleagues affected by the AI-5
(see Brazilian military dictatorship and military dictatorship
). He also received the Governador do Estado Prize, in 1967, in the category of literature
.
In 1979, he received, as the year's Brazilian Intellectual, the Juca Pato Prize.
Sérgio Buarque de Holanda died in São Paulo, on April 24, 1982. Among his most famous books are: Raízes do Brasil (1936), Cobra de Vidro (1944), Caminhos e Fronteiras (1957) and Visão do Paraíso (1959). Sérgio Buarque de Holanda contributed regularly to Folha de São Paulo newspaper from 1950 to 1953.
He was the father of the Brazilian singer-songwriters Chico Buarque
and Miúcha
.
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
, July 11, 1902 - São Paulo
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
, April 24, 1982) was an important Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian writer, journalist, historian and member of the .
In 1921, he moved with his family to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
. He participated in the Week of Modern Art
Week of Modern Art
The Modern Art Week was an arts festival in São Paulo, Brazil, that ran from February 11 to February 18, 1922...
of 1922, in São Paulo
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
, being nominated by Mário de Andrade
Mário de Andrade
Mário Raul de Morais Andrade was a Brazilian poet, novelist, musicologist, art historian and critic, and photographer. One of the founders of Brazilian modernism, he virtually created modern Brazilian poetry with the publication of his Paulicéia Desvairada in 1922...
and Oswaldo de Andrade, the representative of the in Rio de Janeiro.
In 1925, he earned the degree of bachelor of law from the Universidade do Brasil (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro is one of the largest federal universities of Brazil, where public universities comprise the majority of the best and most qualified institutions...
today).
In 1926, he moved to Cacheiro do Itapemirim, in Espírito Santo
Espírito Santo
Espírito Santo is one of the states of southeastern Brazil, often referred to by the abbreviation "ES". Its capital is Vitória and the largest city is Vila Velha. The name of the state means literally "holy spirit" after the Holy Ghost of Christianity...
, after being invited by the director of the newspaper O Progresso. In the same year, he founded with , the magazine Estética.
He returned to Rio de Janeiro in 1927 and started to work as a columnist of the Jornal do Brasil
Jornal do Brasil
Jornal do Brasil, widely known as JB, is a daily newspaper published by Editora JB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was founded in 1891 and is the third oldest existent Brazilian paper, after the Diário de Pernambuco and O Estado de São Paulo....
and as an employee of the United Press Agency.
In 1929 he traveled to Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
as a correspondent of the Diários Associados and settled in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, where he met Max Weber
Max Weber (disambiguation)
Max Weber is the name of:*Max Weber a German political economist and sociologist*Max Weber Sr. , a German politician and father of Max Weber...
and also encountered Friedrich Meinecke
Friedrich Meinecke
Friedrich Meinecke was a liberal German historian, probably the most famous German historian of his generation. As a representative of an older tradition still writing after World War II, he was an important figure to the end of his life.-Life:Meinecke was born in Salzwedel in the Province of Saxony...
.
He collaborated, in 1930, in the "Brasilianische Rundschau" magazine of the Conselho do Comércio Brasileiro de Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
o. In 1936, back in Brasil, he worked at the Universidade do Distrito Federal as assistant-teacher to Henri Hauser
Henri Hauser
Henri Hauser [ozer] , Algerian-born French economist, historian, geographer.He was a professor of ancient and medieval history at the University of Clermont-Ferrand , and modern history and geography at Dijon University , history at Sorbonne University , economic history at the University of Paris...
in the chair of contemporary and modern history
History
History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...
. He also taught comparative literature
Comparative literature
Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the literature of two or more different linguistic, cultural or national groups...
as an assistant to Professor Trouchon.
In 1936, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda published his book Raízes do Brasil, considered by many to be one of the most important books ever written in Brazil.
In 1939, when the Universidade do Distrito Federal was closed, Sergio Buarque de Holanda was invited by Augusto Meyer
Augusto Meyer
Augusto Meyer was a Brazilian poet, journalist, and folklorist...
to be the director of the publishing sector of the . Invited by the State Departament sector of International Relations, he traveled in 1941 to the US.
Three years later, in 1944, he became the director of the Divisão de Consulta da Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. In 1945, he participated of the Democratic Left foundation, and traveled to São Paulo to participate in the Writers' Congress. He was elected as president of the Seção do Distrito Federal da Associação Brasileira de Escritores.
In 1946, he moved to São Paulo, where he substituted for his ex-professor, Anso de E. Taunay, as director of the Museu Paulista
Museu Paulista
The Museu Paulista of the University of São Paulo is a Brazilian history museum located near where Emperor D. Pedro I proclaimed the Brazilian independence on the banks of Ipiranga brook in the Southeast region of the city of São Paulo, then the "Caminho do Mar," or road to the seashore...
.
In 1947, he became professor of Economic History of Brazil in the Escola de Sociologia e Política, substituting for .
He traveled to Paris for three academic conferences at the Sorbonne
Sorbonne
The Sorbonne is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which has been the historical house of the former University of Paris...
, in 1949.
In 1952, he moved with his family to Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, where he stayed for two years as visiting professor in the Brazilian Studies Department of University of Rome
University of Rome La Sapienza
The Sapienza University of Rome, officially Sapienza – Università di Roma, formerly known as Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza", is a coeducational, autonomous state university in Rome, Italy...
.
In 1957, he received the Edgard Cavalheiro Prize from the Instituto Nacional do Livro after publishing the book "Caminhos e Fronteiras". He occupied in 1958, the chair of History of the Brazilian Civilization in the Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas of University of São Paulo
University of São Paulo
Universidade de São Paulo is a public university in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. It is the largest Brazilian university and one of the country's most prestigious...
(USP), with the thesis Visão do Paraíso - os motivos edênicos no descobrimento e na colonização do Brasil.
He became in 1962 the first director of the Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros of University of São Paulo
University of São Paulo
Universidade de São Paulo is a public university in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. It is the largest Brazilian university and one of the country's most prestigious...
. From 1963 to 1967, he traveled as visiting professor to universities in Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
and the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and participated in cultural missions in association with Unesco
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
in Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
and Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
.
In 1969, he retired from his job as professor of USP in solidarity with his colleagues affected by the AI-5
AI-5
The Ato Institucional Número Cinco – AI-5 was the fifth of seventeen major decrees issued by the military dictatorship in the years following the 1964 coup d'état in Brazil...
(see Brazilian military dictatorship and military dictatorship
Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship is a form of government where in the political power resides with the military. It is similar but not identical to a stratocracy, a state ruled directly by the military....
). He also received the Governador do Estado Prize, in 1967, in the category of literature
Literature
Literature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources...
.
In 1979, he received, as the year's Brazilian Intellectual, the Juca Pato Prize.
Sérgio Buarque de Holanda died in São Paulo, on April 24, 1982. Among his most famous books are: Raízes do Brasil (1936), Cobra de Vidro (1944), Caminhos e Fronteiras (1957) and Visão do Paraíso (1959). Sérgio Buarque de Holanda contributed regularly to Folha de São Paulo newspaper from 1950 to 1953.
He was the father of the Brazilian singer-songwriters Chico Buarque
Chico Buarque
Francisco Buarque de Hollanda , popularly known as Chico Buarque , is a singer, guitarist, composer, dramatist, writer and poet...
and Miúcha
Miúcha
Heloísa Maria Buarque de Hollanda , whose artistic name is Miúcha, is a Brazilian singer and composer. She is the daughter of historian Sérgio Buarque de Holanda by Maria Amélia Cesário Alvim and sister of the singer and composer Chico Buarque and two other singers Ana de Hollanda and Cristina...
.
Most Important Books
(By year of first ed.)- Raízes do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, 1936.
- Cobra de Vidro. São Paulo, 1944.
- Monções. Rio de Janeiro, 1945.
- Expansão Paulista em Fins do Século XVI e Princípio do Século XVII. São Paulo, 1948.
- Caminhos e Fronteiras. Rio de Janeiro, 1957.
- Visão do Paraíso. Os motivos edênicos no descobrimento e colonização do Brasil. São Paulo, 1959.
- Do Império à República. São Paulo, 1972. (História Geral da Civilização Brasileira, Tomo II, vol. 5).
- Tentativas de Mitologia. São Paulo, 1979.
- Sergio Buarque de Hollanda: História (org. Maria Odila Dias). São Paulo, 1985.
- O Extremo Oeste . São Paulo, 1986.
- O espírito e a letra (org. Antonio Arnoni do Prado) 2 vols. São Paulo, 1996.
- Para uma nova história (org. Marcos Costa). São Paulo, 2004 (collection of texts).