Samuel Northrup Castle
Encyclopedia
Samuel Northrup Castle was a businessman and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii
.
. His middle name is sometimes spelled "Northrop". His father was Samuel Castle (1770–1847) whose mother was Eunice Northrup (1743–1807), and his mother was Phoebe Parmelee.
He married Angeline Lorraine Tenney (1810–1841). He became a bank teller in Cleveland, Ohio
. On December 14, 1836 the Castles sailed from Boston
on the Mary Frazier.
Juliette Montague and Amos Starr Cooke
were on the same ship, the eighth company of missionaries from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
which arrived on April 9, 1837.
The Castles were assigned a house originally built for Reverend Ephriam Weston Clark near Kawaiahaʻo Church. He lived there the rest of his life.
Some of the houses in this complex (including the storehouse he managed) have been restored and became the Mission Houses Museum
.
His first wife Angeline died March 5, 1841 after having one daughter Mary Tenney Castle, born May 9, 1838 who married Edward Griffin Hitchcock
April 11, 1862. Hitchcock was son of missionaries Harvey Rexford Hitchcock
(1800–1855) and Rebecca Howard (1808–1890), born in Lahaina on Maui
in 1837, served as Marshal of the Republic of Hawaii
, and died October 9, 1898.
Their grandson was all-American football player Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, Jr.
Castle returned to the United States and married Mary Tenney (October 26, 1819–March 13, 1907), the sister of his first wife, on November 13, 1842 in West Exeter, New York
. They were both daughters of Levi Tenney (1781–1869) who served in the War of 1812
and Mary Ann Kingsbury (1787–1853). The Castles returned to Hawaii in March 1843.
He was a member of the board of trustees of Punahou School
when it was incorporated on June 6, 1849. He served as treasurer for forty years. He was the only original trustee alive for the 50th anniversary celebration in 1891.
with Cooke. The partnership papers were signed June 2, 1851. Initially they ran a general store in Honolulu, and continued to help the missions with financial matters through the Hawaiian Evangelical Association. Agents were hired in New York
and San Francisco.
Joseph Ballard Atherton joined as clerk in 1858 and rose to become partner by 1865. During the 1860s Castle & Cooke expanded into the business of selling sugar from the growing number of sugar plantations in Hawaii
, often investing in them as well. One of the first was Haʻikū Sugar Company
on Maui
.
Haʻikū was later managed by children of missionaries Henry Perrine Baldwin
and Samuel T. Alexander who formed their own partnership Alexander & Baldwin
. These were two of the corporations known as the "Big Five
who dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii
through the 20th centtury. Missionary Elias Bond
started a plantation in Kohala
in 1862.
appointed Castle to his Privy Council
on December 7, 1863.
He was elected to the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom
in the House of Representatives in 1864.
He served on the Privy Council through the reign of King Lunalilo
, until February 23, 1874.
King Kalākaua
appointed him to the House of Nobles in the legislature from 1876 to 1880.
Most of the family is buried across the street from the homestead at Kawaiahaʻo Church.
The Samuel N. and Mary Castle Foundation was founded by the family. Mary Castle became known as "Mother Castle" because of her support for education. Many of the early grants were to schools based on the ideas of John Dewey
, who was a colleague of her son-in-law Mead. The Henry and Dorothy Castle Memorial Kindergarten
was established honoring her son and granddaughter in their former homestead.
In 1940 the memorial funded a preschool teaching facility at the University of Hawaii at Manoa
.
A more modern and larger house was built starting in 1898 in the Mānoa Valley
at 21°18′44"N 157°49′0"W by the family. It was designed by architects Clinton Briggs Ripley
and Charles William Dickey
, with many additional buildings added through the years. Johnny Wilson was an Engineer for some of the walls. When Mary Castle died in 1907, the Mānoa house was converted into an orphanage. In 1924 some of the property became one of suburban Honolulu's first housing subdivisions, called Castle Terrace. Other parts of the property became the home of the Pan-Pacific Union, founded by Alexander Hume Ford. It was torn down in 1941.
In 1907 a building built at Punahou School was named Castle Hall with funds from the estate.
The original Castle Hall burned in 1911, and a new one was built in 1913. Originally used as a girls' dormitory, it was later converted into classrooms for fifth and sixth grades. President Barack Obama
was a student in Castle Hall for his fifth grade.
Kingdom of Hawaii
The Kingdom of Hawaii was established during the years 1795 to 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of Oahu, Maui, Molokai, Lānai, Kauai and Niihau by the chiefdom of Hawaii into one unified government...
.
Life
Samuel Northrup Castle was born August 12, 1808 in Cazenovia, New YorkCazenovia, New York
Cazenovia is a town in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 6,481 at the 2000 census. The town is named after Theophilus Cazenove, an agent of the Holland Land Company.The Town of Cazenovia has a village also named Cazenovia...
. His middle name is sometimes spelled "Northrop". His father was Samuel Castle (1770–1847) whose mother was Eunice Northrup (1743–1807), and his mother was Phoebe Parmelee.
He married Angeline Lorraine Tenney (1810–1841). He became a bank teller in Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately west of the Pennsylvania border...
. On December 14, 1836 the Castles sailed from Boston
Boston
Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper had...
on the Mary Frazier.
Juliette Montague and Amos Starr Cooke
Amos Starr Cooke
Amos Starr Cooke was an educator and businessman in the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was patriarch of a family that influenced Hawaii during the 20th century.-Life:Amos Starr Cooke was born in Danbury, Connecticut, December 1, 1810....
were on the same ship, the eighth company of missionaries from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was the first American Christian foreign mission agency. It was proposed in 1810 by recent graduates of Williams College and officially chartered in 1812. In 1961 it merged with other societies to form the United Church Board for World...
which arrived on April 9, 1837.
Mission
Castle was a layman who managed the financial affairs of the mission, while the Cookes opened the Royal School.The Castles were assigned a house originally built for Reverend Ephriam Weston Clark near Kawaiahaʻo Church. He lived there the rest of his life.
Some of the houses in this complex (including the storehouse he managed) have been restored and became the Mission Houses Museum
Mission Houses Museum
The Mission Houses Museum at 553 South King Street in Honolulu, Hawaii, was established in 1920 by the Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society, a private, non-profit organization and genealogical society, on the 100th anniversary of the arrival of the first Christian missionaries in Hawaii...
.
His first wife Angeline died March 5, 1841 after having one daughter Mary Tenney Castle, born May 9, 1838 who married Edward Griffin Hitchcock
Edward Griffin Hitchcock
Edward Griffin "Holy Terror" Hitchcock was a law enforcement officer in the Kingdom of Hawaii, who rose to the position of Marshal of the Republic of Hawaii.-Life:...
April 11, 1862. Hitchcock was son of missionaries Harvey Rexford Hitchcock
Harvey Rexford Hitchcock
Harvey Rexford Hitchcock was an early protestant missionary to the Kingdom of Hawaii from the United States. With his three sons, he and his wife started a family that would influence Hawaii's history. He had at least three namesakes in the subsequent generations.-Life:Harvey Rexford Hitchcock was...
(1800–1855) and Rebecca Howard (1808–1890), born in Lahaina on Maui
Maui
The island of Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at and is the 17th largest island in the United States. Maui is part of the state of Hawaii and is the largest of Maui County's four islands, bigger than Lānai, Kahoolawe, and Molokai. In 2010, Maui had a population of 144,444,...
in 1837, served as Marshal of the Republic of Hawaii
Republic of Hawaii
The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the government that controlled Hawaii from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a republic. The republic period occurred between the administration of the Provisional Government of Hawaii which ended on July 4, 1894 and the adoption of the Newlands...
, and died October 9, 1898.
Their grandson was all-American football player Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, Jr.
Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, Jr.
Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, Jr. was on the 1913 College Football All-America Team. From an influential missionary family in the Hawaiian Islands, he went insane during World War I.-Biography:...
Castle returned to the United States and married Mary Tenney (October 26, 1819–March 13, 1907), the sister of his first wife, on November 13, 1842 in West Exeter, New York
Exeter, New York
Exeter is a town in Otsego County, New York, United States. The town is located in the norther part of the county. The population was 954 at the 2000 census...
. They were both daughters of Levi Tenney (1781–1869) who served in the War of 1812
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...
and Mary Ann Kingsbury (1787–1853). The Castles returned to Hawaii in March 1843.
He was a member of the board of trustees of Punahou School
Punahou School
Punahou School, once known as Oahu College, is a private, co-educational, college preparatory school located in Honolulu CDP, City and County of Honolulu in the U.S. State of Hawaii...
when it was incorporated on June 6, 1849. He served as treasurer for forty years. He was the only original trustee alive for the 50th anniversary celebration in 1891.
Business
In 1851 he resigned from the mission and founded the firm Castle & CookeCastle & Cooke
Castle & Cooke, Inc. is a Los Angeles-based company that was once part of the Big Five companies in territorial Hawaii. The company at one time did most of its business in agriculture...
with Cooke. The partnership papers were signed June 2, 1851. Initially they ran a general store in Honolulu, and continued to help the missions with financial matters through the Hawaiian Evangelical Association. Agents were hired in New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
and San Francisco.
Joseph Ballard Atherton joined as clerk in 1858 and rose to become partner by 1865. During the 1860s Castle & Cooke expanded into the business of selling sugar from the growing number of sugar plantations in Hawaii
Sugar plantations in Hawaii
Sugarcane was introduced to Hawaii by its first inhabitants in approximately 600 AD and was observed by Captain Cook upon arrival in the islands in 1778. Sugar quickly turned into a big business and generated rapid population growth in the islands with 337,000 people immigrating over the span of a...
, often investing in them as well. One of the first was Haʻikū Sugar Company
Haiku Mill
The Haikū Sugar Mill was a processing factory for sugarcane from 1861 to 1879 on the island of Maui in Hawaii.-History:The northeastern coast of Maui had a small village named Hai kū which literally means "sharp break" in the Hawaiian language....
on Maui
Maui
The island of Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at and is the 17th largest island in the United States. Maui is part of the state of Hawaii and is the largest of Maui County's four islands, bigger than Lānai, Kahoolawe, and Molokai. In 2010, Maui had a population of 144,444,...
.
Haʻikū was later managed by children of missionaries Henry Perrine Baldwin
Henry Perrine Baldwin
Henry Perrine Baldwin was a businessman and politician on Maui in the Hawaiian islands. He supervised the construction of the East Maui Irrigation System and co-founded Alexander & Baldwin, one of the "Big Five" corporations that dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii.-Life:Henry Perrine...
and Samuel T. Alexander who formed their own partnership Alexander & Baldwin
Alexander & Baldwin
Following World War II, the company entered a new business: land development and real estate. The company formed a new subsidiary, the Kahului Development Co., to develop housing in the Kahului area. In the following years, the company became more involved in the development of its land and the...
. These were two of the corporations known as the "Big Five
Big Five (Hawaii)
The Big Five was the name given to a group of what started as sugarcane processing corporations that wielded considerable political power in the Territory of Hawaii during the early 20th century and leaned heavily towards the Hawaii Republican Party. The Big Five were Castle & Cooke, Alexander &...
who dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii
Territory of Hawaii
The Territory of Hawaii or Hawaii Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 7, 1898, until August 21, 1959, when its territory, with the exception of Johnston Atoll, was admitted to the Union as the fiftieth U.S. state, the State of Hawaii.The U.S...
through the 20th centtury. Missionary Elias Bond
Elias Bond
The Bond District is a collection of historic buildings located in the district of North Kohala on the island of Hawaii.The district has three sections: the homestead of missionaries Ellen and Reverend Elias Bond , Kalahikiola Church, and the Kohala Seminary.-Ellen and Elias Bond:Elias Bond was...
started a plantation in Kohala
Kohala, Hawaii
thumb|right|300px|The districts of the [[Hawaii |Big Island]]. From Northernmost, clockwise; Kohala , [[Hamakua|Hāmākua]], [[Hilo, Hawaii|Hilo]], [[Puna, Hawaii|Puna]], [[Kau, Hawaii|Kaū]], [[Kona District, Hawaii|Kona]]...
in 1862.
Politics
Kamehameha VKamehameha V
aloghaKamehameha V , born as Lot Kapuāiwa, reigned as monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1863 to 1872. His motto was "Onipa`a": immovable, firm, steadfast or determined; he worked diligently for his people and kingdom and was described as the last great traditional chief...
appointed Castle to his Privy Council
Privy council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors to give confidential advice on...
on December 7, 1863.
He was elected to the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom
Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom
The Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom was the bicameral legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii. A royal legislature was first provided by the 1840 Constitution and the 1852 Constitution was the first to use the term "Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom", and the first to subject the monarch to...
in the House of Representatives in 1864.
He served on the Privy Council through the reign of King Lunalilo
Lunalilo
Lunalilo, born William Charles Lunalilo , was king of the Kingdom of Hawaii from January 8, 1873 until February 3, 1874...
, until February 23, 1874.
King Kalākaua
Kalakaua
Kalākaua, born David Laamea Kamanakapuu Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and sometimes called The Merrie Monarch , was the last reigning king of the Kingdom of Hawaii...
appointed him to the House of Nobles in the legislature from 1876 to 1880.
Death and legacy
He died July 14, 1894 in Honolulu after having ten children with his second wife:- Samuel Castle died young October 27, 1843.
- Charles Alfred Castle (December 16, 1844–April 30, 1874) married Claire Eloise Coleman (1847–1917).
- Harriet Angeline Castle (January 1, 1847–1924) married Charles Carson Coleman (1845–1935) on January 12, 1876.
- William Richards CastleWilliam Richards CastleWilliam Richards Castle was a lawyer and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii and Republic of Hawaii.-Family:William Richards Castle was born in Honolulu March 19, 1849. His father was Samuel Northrup Castle , and mother was Mary Tenney . He was a namesake of William Richards who drafted the first...
was born March 19, 1849, became a lawyer and politician, and died June 5, 1935. His son William Richards Castle, Jr.William Richards Castle, Jr.William Richards Castle, Jr. was an educator and diplomat. With great wealth from his family's Hawaiian holdings, he rose rapidly to the highest levels of the United States Department of State. He took a strong interest in Pacific issues, in part because of his background in Hawaii.-Life:William...
was author and diplomat. - George Parmele Castle (April 29, 1851–1932) married distant cousin Ida Mary Tenney (1856–1944) on October 12, 1875 and had two daughters.
- Albert Tyler Castle (December 5, 1853–November 14, 1864) died before his 11th birthday.
- James Bicknell CastleJames Bicknell CastleJames Bicknell Castle was a Honolulu businessman in times of the Kingdom of Hawaii, Republic of Hawaii and Territory of Hawaii.-Life:...
(November 27, 1855–April 4, 1918) greatly expanded Castle & Cooke in the sugar and railroad industries. James B. Castle High SchoolJames B. Castle High SchoolFor schools of the same name, see Castle High SchoolJames Bicknell Castle High School, more commonly James B. Castle High School or simply Castle High School, is a public coeducational high school located in Kāneohe CDP, City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii. The school serves grades 9 through 12 and...
is named for him. He married Julia White and had son Harold Kainalu Long Castle (1886–1967) who became a large land-owner and philanthropist, sponsoring the Castle Medical CenterCastle Medical CenterCastle Medical Center is a 160-bed medical center located in Windward Oahu. It provides a full range of services, including: acute care, 24-hour emergency services, outpatient and home care, wellness and lifestyle medicine, chemotherapy clinic, Surgical Weight Loss Institute, Hawaii Muscular...
. - Caroline Dickinson Castle (March 15, 1859–1941) married author William Drake WesterveltWilliam Drake WesterveltWilliam Drake Westervelt was the author of several books and magazines on Hawaiian history and legends. He drew upon the collections of David Malo, Samuel Kamakau, and Abraham Fornander to popularize Hawaiian folklore in his Legends of Maui , Legends of Old Honolulu , Legends of Gods and...
(1849–1939). - Helen Kingsbury Castle (August 5, 1860–1929) married George Herbert MeadGeorge Herbert MeadGeorge Herbert Mead was an American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago, where he was one of several distinguished pragmatists. He is regarded as one of the founders of social psychology and the American sociological tradition in general.-...
in 1891. - Henry Northrup Castle (August 22, 1862–January 30, 1895) married Frida Steckner (1869–1890) and then Mabel Rosamond Wing (1864–1950) and died in the wreck of the SS ElbeSS ElbeSS Elbe was built in the Govan Shipyard of John Elder & Company, Ltd, Glasgow, in 1881 for the Norddeutscher Lloyd of Bremen. The Elbe had double-expansion engines which provided power to her single-screw propeller...
. Henry introduced George Herbert Mead to his sister while the three were at Oberlin CollegeOberlin CollegeOberlin College is a private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio, noteworthy for having been the first American institution of higher learning to regularly admit female and black students. Connected to the college is the Oberlin Conservatory of Music, the oldest continuously operating...
.
Most of the family is buried across the street from the homestead at Kawaiahaʻo Church.
The Samuel N. and Mary Castle Foundation was founded by the family. Mary Castle became known as "Mother Castle" because of her support for education. Many of the early grants were to schools based on the ideas of John Dewey
John Dewey
John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey was an important early developer of the philosophy of pragmatism and one of the founders of functional psychology...
, who was a colleague of her son-in-law Mead. The Henry and Dorothy Castle Memorial Kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...
was established honoring her son and granddaughter in their former homestead.
In 1940 the memorial funded a preschool teaching facility at the University of Hawaii at Manoa
University of Hawaii at Manoa
The University of Hawaii at Mānoa is a public, co-educational university and is the flagship campus of the greater University of Hawaii system...
.
A more modern and larger house was built starting in 1898 in the Mānoa Valley
Manoa
thumb|240px|right|Vintage shot of University of Hawaii, Manoa240px|thumb|right|Vintage photo of Manoa ValleyMānoa is a valley and a residential neighborhood of Honolulu CDP of the City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii, United States; the community is approximately three miles east and inland from...
at 21°18′44"N 157°49′0"W by the family. It was designed by architects Clinton Briggs Ripley
Clinton Briggs Ripley
Clinton Briggs Ripley was an American architect active in Honolulu, Hawaii, from the 1890s until the 1920s. He arrived from California in 1891 at the age of 42, became Commissioner of Patents in 1894, then formed a partnership with a junior but well-connected local architect, C.W...
and Charles William Dickey
Charles William Dickey
Charles William “C.W.” Dickey was an American architect famous for developing a distinctive style of Hawaiian architecture...
, with many additional buildings added through the years. Johnny Wilson was an Engineer for some of the walls. When Mary Castle died in 1907, the Mānoa house was converted into an orphanage. In 1924 some of the property became one of suburban Honolulu's first housing subdivisions, called Castle Terrace. Other parts of the property became the home of the Pan-Pacific Union, founded by Alexander Hume Ford. It was torn down in 1941.
In 1907 a building built at Punahou School was named Castle Hall with funds from the estate.
The original Castle Hall burned in 1911, and a new one was built in 1913. Originally used as a girls' dormitory, it was later converted into classrooms for fifth and sixth grades. President Barack Obama
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. Obama previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois, from January 2005 until he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.Born in...
was a student in Castle Hall for his fifth grade.