Salchak Toka
Encyclopedia
Salchak Kalbakkhorekovich Toka was a Tuva
n politician
. He was for many years the communist ruler of Tuva, and as well the Second Prime Minister of the Tuvan People's Republic.
Salchak Toka was a member of the Communist University of the Toilers of the East
in Moscow and Kyzyl. In 1929 the current head of state Donduk Kuular
was removed from power and arrested by the Soviets. Meanwhile, five Tuvan graduates of the Communist University of the Toilers of the East were appointed commissars extraordinary to Tuva. Their loyalty to Stalin ensured that they would pursue policies, such as collectivization, that Donduk had ignored. On March 6, 1932 Salchak Toka replaced Donduk as General Secretary of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
.
Salchak Toka established close contacts with Joseph Stalin
. After the execution of Donduk Kuular in 1932, Salchak Toka became absolute ruler of Tannu Tuva. He introduced a communist ideology after the Soviet model, the nomad agriculture was collectivized and the traditional religions (Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism) was suppressed. He introduced a bizarre personal cult around himself, and was awarded numerous of Soviet prizes for his literary works.
In 1940 he married Khertek Anchimaa
, who was Chairwoman of the Little Khural. In 1944 he requested that Tannu Tuva should be annexed by the Soviet Union. The event took place on October 30, 1944 de jure via Mikhail Kalinin
. Tuva
was initially an autonomous oblast
of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
(RSFSR) and starting from October 10, 1961 as the Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tuva ASSR). Salchak Toka remained up to its death in 1973 the General Secretary of the Tuvinian department of the CPSU.
Tuva
The Tyva Republic , or Tuva , is a federal subject of Russia . It lies in the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders with the Altai Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and the Republic of Buryatia in Russia and with Mongolia to the...
n politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
. He was for many years the communist ruler of Tuva, and as well the Second Prime Minister of the Tuvan People's Republic.
Salchak Toka was a member of the Communist University of the Toilers of the East
Communist University of the Toilers of the East
The Communist University of the Toilers of the East or KUTV was established April 21, 1921, in Moscow by the Communist International as a training college for communist cadres in the colonial world. The school officially opened on October 21, 1921...
in Moscow and Kyzyl. In 1929 the current head of state Donduk Kuular
Donduk Kuular
Donduk Kuular was a Tuvan monk, politician, and first prime minister of the Tuvinian People's Republic.Donduk was originally a Lamaist monk. As leader of a group of Russian-supported Bolsheviks, he proclaimed the independence of the People's Republic of Tannu Tuva, in 1921. He subsequently...
was removed from power and arrested by the Soviets. Meanwhile, five Tuvan graduates of the Communist University of the Toilers of the East were appointed commissars extraordinary to Tuva. Their loyalty to Stalin ensured that they would pursue policies, such as collectivization, that Donduk had ignored. On March 6, 1932 Salchak Toka replaced Donduk as General Secretary of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party was a political party in Tuva, founded in 1921. When the Tuvinian People's Republic was founded in the same year, the party held single-party control over its government as a vanguard party.-History:...
.
Salchak Toka established close contacts with Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
. After the execution of Donduk Kuular in 1932, Salchak Toka became absolute ruler of Tannu Tuva. He introduced a communist ideology after the Soviet model, the nomad agriculture was collectivized and the traditional religions (Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism) was suppressed. He introduced a bizarre personal cult around himself, and was awarded numerous of Soviet prizes for his literary works.
In 1940 he married Khertek Anchimaa
Khertek Anchimaa-Toka
Khertek Amyrbitovna Anchimaa-Toka was a Tuvinian/Soviet politician who in 1940-1944 was a chairman of Little Khural of Tuvan People's Republic, and the first elected or appointed female head of state in the modern world.-Biography:Khertek Anchimaa was born in what is now Bay-Tayginsky...
, who was Chairwoman of the Little Khural. In 1944 he requested that Tannu Tuva should be annexed by the Soviet Union. The event took place on October 30, 1944 de jure via Mikhail Kalinin
Mikhail Kalinin
Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin , known familiarly by Soviet citizens as "Kalinych," was a Bolshevik revolutionary and the nominal head of state of Russia and later of the Soviet Union, from 1919 to 1946...
. Tuva
Tuva
The Tyva Republic , or Tuva , is a federal subject of Russia . It lies in the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders with the Altai Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and the Republic of Buryatia in Russia and with Mongolia to the...
was initially an autonomous oblast
Tuvan Autonomous Oblast
The Tuvan Autonomous Oblast was an autonomous oblast of the Soviet Union created on 11 October 1944 following the annexation of the Tuvan People's Republic by the Soviet Union. On 10 October 1961 it was transformed into the Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic....
of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , commonly referred to as Soviet Russia, Bolshevik Russia, or simply Russia, was the largest, most populous and economically developed republic in the former Soviet Union....
(RSFSR) and starting from October 10, 1961 as the Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tuva ASSR). Salchak Toka remained up to its death in 1973 the General Secretary of the Tuvinian department of the CPSU.