Sailing/Yachting

Sailing

Sailing is the propulsion of a vehicle and the control of its movement with large foils called sails. By changing the rigging, rudder, and sometimes the keel or centre board, a sailor manages the force of the wind on the sails in order to move the boat relative to its surrounding medium and...

is a Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1^st Olympiad

Olympiad

An Olympiad is a period of four years, associated with the Olympic Games of Classical Greece. In the Hellenistic period, beginning with Ephorus, Olympiads were used as calendar epoch....

 (1896 Olympics in Athens

Athens

Athens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...

 ). With the exception of 1904

1904 Summer Olympics

The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States from 1 July 1904, to November 23, 1904, at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University...

 and possible 1916

1916 Summer Olympics

The anticipated 1916 Summer Olympics, which were to be officially known as the Games of the VI Olympiad, were to have been held in Berlin, Germany. However, due to the outbreak of World War I, the games were cancelled.-History:...

 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.
The Sailing program of 1992 consisted of a total of ten sailing classes (disciplines). For each class races were scheduled from July 27, 1992 to August 4, 1992 of the coast of Barcelona

Barcelona

Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...

, Spain

Spain

Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

 on the Mediterranean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Anatolia and Europe, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant...

Venue

According to the IOC statutes the contests in all sport disciplines must be held either in, or as close as possible to the city which the IOC has chosen. The weather conditions in Barcelona were found suitable for sailing. The waterfront of Barcelona was completely restructured for the Olympics. The Olympic port became one of the key Olympic areas of Barcelona.

The Olympic sailing competition was held in the Mediterranean waters outside the Olympic Harbor. The new harbor was designed to be the base for the Olympic sailors and a key factor in the opening up of the city to the sea. This was achieved by a Special Town Plan for the “Parc de Mar” Area including a harbor which satisfy the requirements of sailors and organizers. The new harbor serves after the Games as a marina.

A total of five race areas were created on the Mediterranean Sea.

Overview

Continents	Countries	Classes	Boats	Male	Female
6	60	10	256	322	83

Continents

• Africa
  Africa
  Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
  
  
• Asia
  Asia
  Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
  
  
• Australian continent
  Australia (continent)
  Australia is the world's smallest continent, comprising the mainland of Australia and proximate islands including Tasmania, New Guinea, the Aru Islands and Raja Ampat Islands...
  
  
• Europe
  Europe
  Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
  
  
• North America
  North America
  North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
  
  
• South America
  South America
  South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
  
  

Countries

>

Classes (equipment)

Class	Type	Event	Sailors	Trapeze Trapeze (sailing) In sailing, the trapeze refers to a wire that comes from a point high on the mast, usually where the shrouds are fixed, to a hook on the crew member's harness at approximately waist level...	Mainsail Mainsail A mainsail is a sail located behind the main mast of a sailing vessel.On a square rigged vessel, it is the lowest and largest sail on the main mast....	Jibb/Genoa Jib A jib is a triangular staysail set ahead of the foremast of a sailing vessel. Its tack is fixed to the bowsprit, to the bow, or to the deck between the bowsprit and the foremost mast...	Spinnaker Spinnaker A spinnaker is a special type of sail that is designed specifically for sailing off the wind from a reaching course to a downwind, i.e. with the wind 90°–180° off the bow. The spinnaker fills with wind and balloons out in front of the boat when it is deployed, called flying. It is constructed of...	First OG	Olympics so far
Lechner A390 Lechner (windsurf board) For the 1992 Olympics, the Olympic Class for the first time was announced four years in advance and it was to include a women's event for the first time.Lechner was modified their Division II to bring the centreboard and mast track further aft...	Surfboard		1	0	+	-	-	1992	1
Lechner A390 Lechner (windsurf board) For the 1992 Olympics, the Olympic Class for the first time was announced four years in advance and it was to include a women's event for the first time.Lechner was modified their Division II to bring the centreboard and mast track further aft...	Surfboard		1	0	+	-	-	1992	1
Europe Europe (dinghy) The Europe is a one-person dinghy designed in Belgium in 1960 by Alois Roland as a class legal Moth dinghy. The design later changed into its own one-design class....	Dinghy		1	0	+	-	-	1992	1
Finn Finn (dinghy) The Finn dinghy is the men's single-handed, cat-rigged Olympic class for sailing. It was designed by Swedish canoe designer, Rickard Sarby, in 1949 for the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki...	Dinghy		1	0	+	-	-	1952	11
470 470 (dinghy) The 470 is a double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centreboard, Bermuda rig, and centre sheeting. The name is the overall length of the boat in centimetres . The hull is fibreglass with integral buoyancy tanks. The 470 is equipped with spinnaker and trapeze, making teamwork necessary to...	Dinghy		2	1	+	+	+	1976	5
470 470 (dinghy) The 470 is a double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centreboard, Bermuda rig, and centre sheeting. The name is the overall length of the boat in centimetres . The hull is fibreglass with integral buoyancy tanks. The 470 is equipped with spinnaker and trapeze, making teamwork necessary to...	Dinghy		2	1	+	+	+	1976	5
Flying Dutchman Flying Dutchman (dinghy) thumbthumbThe Flying Dutchman is a 20-foot one-design high-performance two-person monohull racing dinghy. Developed in the early 1950s, its large sail area per unit weight allow it to plane easily when sailing upwind. The boat utilizes a trapeze harness for the crew and hiking straps for the...	Dinghy		2	1	+	+	+	1960	9
Tornado Tornado (sailboat) The Tornado is an two person multihull class recognised as an International Class by the International Sailing Federation. It was used for the Olympic Catamaran discpline for over 30 years.-Background:...	Catamaran		2	1	+	+	-	1976	5
Star Star (sailboat) The International Star is a 6.9 m one-design racing keelboat for two people.The boat must weigh at least 671 kg with a maximum total sail area of 26.5 m . It is sloop-rigged, with a mainsail larger in proportional size than any other boat of its length...	Keelboat		2	1	+	+	+	1932	14
Soling Soling A Soling is a class of open keelboat designed by Jan Linge of Norway in 1965. In 1968, it was chosen from among many other boats to be the men's triple-handed boat for the 1972 Olympics...	Keelboat		3	0	+	+	+	1972	6

Men's Events

Lechner A-390:
Finn:
470:	Jordi Calafat Jordi Calafat Jordi Calafat is a Spanish sailor and Olympic champion.He won a gold medal in the 470 Class at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, together with Kiko Sánchez.-References:... Francisco Sanchez	Morgan Reeser Morgan Reeser Morgan Irwin Reeser is retired sailor from the United States, who competed in two Summer Olympics for his native country: 1992 and 1996. He won the silver medal in 1992 with Kevin Burnham in the Men's 470 Class.-References:*... Kevin Burnham Kevin Burnham Kevin Lobdell Burnham is an American two-time Olympic medalist in the sport of sailing. He won the silver medal in 1992 with Morgan Reeser in the 470 class....	Tõnu Tõniste Tõnu Tõniste Tõnu Tõniste is retired sailor from Estonia, who competed in four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1988. He won a silver and a bronze medal in the men's 470 class, for the Soviet Union and for Estonia . He did so with his twin brother Toomas Tõniste.-References:*... Toomas Tõniste Toomas Tõniste Toomas Tõniste is retired sailor and a politician from Estonia, who competed in four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1988. He won a silver and a bronze medal in the men's 470 class, for the Soviet Union and for Estonia . He did so with his twin brother Tõnu Tõniste...

Women's Events

Lechner A-390:
Europe:
470:	Theresa Zabell Theresa Zabell Theresa Zabell Lucas is a Spanish sailor who won gold medal both in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, and in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. A member of Real Club de Mediterráneo Málaga she competes in the 470 class.-References:*... Patricia Guerra Patricia Guerra Patricia Guerra Cabrera is a Spanish sailor who won gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. She did so in the 470 class alongside Theresa Zabell. She also competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics, finishing in tenth place.-References:*...	Leslie Egnot Leslie Egnot Leslie Jean Egnot is an American-born yachtswoman who competed for New Zealand at two Olympic Games and won a silver medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain... Jan Shearer Jan Shearer Janet "Jan" Lee Shearer is a New Zealand yachtswoman who competed for New Zealand at 3 Olympic Games and won a silver medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain...	Jennifer Isler Pamela Healy Pamela Healy Pamela Katherine Healy is a retired female sailor from the United States, who won a bronze medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. She did so in the 470 class , alongside Jennifer Isler....

Open Events

Flying Dutchman:	Luis Doreste Luis Doreste Luis Doreste Blanco is a Spanish sailor who won gold medal both in the 1984 Summer Olympics , and in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona .... Domingo Manrique Domingo Manrique Domingo Manrique is a Spanish sailor, world champion and Olympic champion.Manrique was born in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. He won a gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona .-References:...	Stephen Bourdow Stephen Bourdow Stephen Norris Bourdow is a former American competitive sailor who won a silver medal at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona.-Career:... Paul Foerster Paul Foerster Paul J. Foerster is an American Olympic medalist in sailing, who has won a total of three Olympic medals during his career. In the 470 Class he was successful with Stephen Bourdow , Bob Merrick and Kevin Burnham -References:***...	Jens Bojsen-Møller Jens Bojsen-Møller Jens Bojsen-Møller is a Danish sailor and Olympic medalist. He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona and won a bronze medal in the Flying Dutchman class, together with his cousin Jørgen Bojsen-Møller.-References:... Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jørgen Bojsen-Møller is a Danish sailor and Olympic Champion. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and won a gold medal in the Flying Dutchman class, together with Christian Grønborg. At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona he received a bronze medal in the Flying Dutchman, together...
Tornado:	Yves Loday Yves Loday Yves Loday is a French sailor who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, where he won gold medal in the Tornado Class together with Nicolas Hénard.... Nicolas Hénard Nicolas Hénard Nicolas Hénard is a French sailor. He is two times olympic gold winner. First in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, winning the Tornado Class with Jean-Yves Le Déroff. Second in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, winning the Tornado Class with Yves Loday.-References:...	Randy Smyth Randy Smyth Randolph L. "Randy" Smyth is a former American competitive sailor and two-time Olympic silver medalist.-Career:... Keith Notary Keith Notary Keith Ireland Notary is a former American competitive sailor and Olympic silver medalist.-Career:...	Mitch Booth Mitch Booth Mitch Booth is a Dutch sailor. He is a two time Olympic medalist and ten time World Champion in the Tornado, Hobie, A class and Formula 18 classes.... John Forbes John Forbes (sailor) John Forbes is an Australian sailor.- References :* at sports-reference.com...
Star:	Mark Reynolds Mark Reynolds (sailor) Mark Reynolds is an American Star class sailor and Olympic champion. He has sailed Stars since age four, training with his father who was the 1971 World Champion .... Harold Haenel Harold Haenel Harold Haenel is an American sailor and Olympic Champion. He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona and won a gold medal in the Star class with Mark Reynolds. He received a silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.-References:...	Rod Davis Rod Davis (yachting) Rod Davis, born 27 August 1955 in the United States is a former competitive sailor who won Olympic medals for two different countries. At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, representing the United States, he won the Gold medal in the Soling class along with Robert Haines and Edward Trevelyan... Don Cowie Don Cowie (yachting) Don Cowie, born 5 January 1962 in Palmerston North, New Zealand, is a former competitive sailor who won a Silver medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain...	Ross MacDonald Ross MacDonald David Ross MacDonald is a Canadian sailor. He began sailing at the age of 11.... Eric Jespersen Eric Jespersen Eric Jesperson is a Canadian sailor.He won a bronze medal with Ross MacDonald in the men's Star event at the 1992 Summer Olympics and finished 14th at the 1996 Summer Olympics with in the same event.-References:*...
Soling:	Jesper Bank Jesper Bank Jesper Bank is a Danish sailor and Olympic champion.He received a bronze medal in the Soling Class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.... Steen Secher Steen Secher Steen Klaaborg Secher is a Danish sailor and Olympic champion.He received a bronze medal in the Soling Class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. He won a gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.-References:*... Jesper Seier Jesper Seier Jesper Seier is a Danish sailor and Olympic champion.He won a gold medal in the Soling Class at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, together with Jesper Bank and Steen Secher.-References:...	Kevin Mahaney Kevin Mahaney Kevin P. Mahaney is a former American competitive sailor who won a silver medal at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona.-Career:... Jim Brady Jim Brady (sailor) James H. "Jim" Brady is a former American competitive sailor who won a silver medal at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona.-Career:... Doug Kern Doug Kern Douglas James "Doug" Kern is a former American competitive sailor who won a silver medal at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona.-Career:...	Lawrie Smith Lawrie Smith Lawrie Smith is a British sailor. He won a bronze medal in the soling class at the 1992 Summer Olympics with Robert Cruikshank and Ossie Stewart.... Robert Cruikshank Robert Cruickshank (sailor) Robert Cruickshank is a British sailor. He won a bronze medal in the soling class at the 1992 Summer Olympics with Lawrie Smith and Ossie Stewart.-References:* at sports-reference.com... Ossie Stewart Ossie Stewart Simon "Ossie" Stewart is a British sailor. He won a bronze medal in the soling class at the 1992 Summer Olympics with Lawrie Smith and Robert Cruickshank.-References:* at sports-reference.com...

Sailing 1992

1		4	1	0	5
2		2	0	0	2
3		1	6	2	9
4		1	2	1	4
5		1	0	1	2
6		1	0	0	1
7		0	1	0	1
8		0	0	2	2
9		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
		10	10	10	30

Sailing 1896–1992

1		16	19	14	49
2		16	11	1	28
3		15	8	8	31
4		10	8	8	26
5		9	11	9	29
6		9	8	4	21
7		7	2	1	13
8		6	3	1	12
9		4	4	2	10
10		4	3	5	12
11		3	1	6	10
12		2	3	2	7
13		2	2	3	7
14		2	2	2	6
15		2	1	5	8
16		2	1	4	7
17		1	2	2	5
18		1	1	6	8
19	(EUA)	1	1	1	3
		1	1	1	3
		1	1	1	3
22		1	0	1	2
23		1	0	0	1
24		0	3	0	3
25		0	2	6	8
26		0	2	1	3
27		0	2	0	2
28		0	1	0	1
		0	1	0	1
		0	1	0	1
		0	1	0	1
		0	1	0	1
33		0	0	2	2
34		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
Total	35	116	108	101	309

Sailing

• It was the first Olympic sailing contest were besides fleet racing also a combination format of fleetracing and match racing
  Match race
  A match race is a race between two competitors, going head-to-head.The term may be best known as a race between two sailing boats racing around a course...
  
   was used. The Soling
  Soling
  A Soling is a class of open keelboat designed by Jan Linge of Norway in 1965. In 1968, it was chosen from among many other boats to be the men's triple-handed boat for the 1972 Olympics...
  
   was utilized for this format.

Sailors

During the Sailing regatta's at the 1992 Summer Olympics among others the following persons were competing in the various classes:

• Royalties
  • , Prince Felipe
    Felipe, Prince of Asturias
    Felipe, Prince of Asturias de Borbón y de Grecia; born 30 January 1968), is the third child and only son of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía of Spain....
    
     of Spain
    Spain
    Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
    
    , as midperson in the Soling