Rodrigo Riera
Encyclopedia
Rodrigo Riera was a Venezuelan guitarist
Classical guitar
The classical guitar is a 6-stringed plucked string instrument from the family of instruments called chordophones...

 and composer
Composer
A composer is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media...

. He wrote a vital and important body of works for the guitar, inspired by and dedicated to the rich music legacy of his region in the Lara
Lara (state)
Lara State is one of the 23 states into which Venezuela is divided. The state capital is Barquisimeto.Lara State covers a total surface area of and, in 2007, had an estimated population of 1,795,100.- Municipalities and municipal seats :...

 state (Capital city: Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto is the capital city of the State of Lara located in west central Venezuela, halfway between Caracas and Maracaibo on the Turbio River.-Overview:...

) in Western Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...

, displaying a loving nationalism that led him to be associated with the work of Antonio Lauro
Antonio Lauro
Antonio Lauro was a Venezuelan musician, considered to be one of the foremost South American composers for the Guitar in the 20th century.- Biography :Antonio Lauro was born in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela...

 but with a technique that is more accessible to beginners and intermediate guitar players.

He was also an important educator of the classical guitar
Classical guitar
The classical guitar is a 6-stringed plucked string instrument from the family of instruments called chordophones...

. Many guitarists active today studied with him in the 1980s and 1990s.

Lastly, he had an important career as a concert guitarist, but his recordings are relatively scarce and hard to find. Hopefully the work of novel guitarists and scholars may rescue his legacy.

Family and youth

Rodrigo Riera was born in the township of Barrio Nuevo, in the city of Carora
Carora
Carora is a town in Lara State, Venezuela, on the Morere River, a branch of the Tocuyo River. It is about 54 miles southwest of Barquisimeto. Carora was founded twice. The first time, in the year 1569 by Juan de Tejo, but due to constant attacks from the indigenous population, it was abandoned,...

, in the state of Lara, in midwestern Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...

.

His father, Juan Teodosio Querales, was a music teacher. He grew up with his mother, Paula Antonia Riera and his five older siblings. In addition to his music talent, Rodrigo inherited a congenital foot defect from his father. Despite this, he was able to have a normal childhood, even excelling in certain sports and physical activities.

Like many other Venezuelan musicians, his first instrument was the cuatro
Cuatro (instrument)
The cuatro is any of several Latin American instruments of the guitar or lute family. The cuatro is smaller than a guitar. Cuatro means four in Spanish, although current instruments may have more than four strings....

 and his first teachers were his peers and his own will. His first public recital took place in Carora at age thirteen.

In 1937 he moved to Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto is the capital city of the State of Lara located in west central Venezuela, halfway between Caracas and Maracaibo on the Turbio River.-Overview:...

 to look for better opportunities. In 1939, he was part of a guitar and vocal group called "Hermanos Riera" (founded by his brother Ruben, who later retired). That year, he met fellow Carora guitarist Alirio Díaz
Alirio Diaz
Alirio Díaz is a Venezuelan classical guitarist.The eighth of eleven children, Díaz was born in Caserio La Candelaria, a small village near Carora in western Venezuela. From childhood he showed a great interest in music. At age 16 he ran away from home to Carora, where he sought better schooling...

, who wasn't planning to have a career in music at the time.

In 1941, he and his group travelled to Caracas
Caracas
Caracas , officially Santiago de León de Caracas, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela; natives or residents are known as Caraquenians in English . It is located in the northern part of the country, following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Venezuelan coastal mountain range...

 for a series of radio
Radio
Radio is the transmission of signals through free space by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space...

 presentations. During that trip, he met guitarists Antonio Lauro
Antonio Lauro
Antonio Lauro was a Venezuelan musician, considered to be one of the foremost South American composers for the Guitar in the 20th century.- Biography :Antonio Lauro was born in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela...

 and Manuel Enrique Perez Díaz, both fellow students of Raúl Borges
Raul Borges
Raúl Borges Requena was a renowned Venezuelan pedagogue, guitarist and composer, mentor of several generations of Venezuelan guitarists.- External links :* * *...

. Lauro was so impressed with Riera's playing, that he wrote a letter recommending him to his teacher. Life's circumstances made it difficult for Riera to start studies under Borges until 1945.

Studying under Raúl Borges

In September 1945, Riera's and Alirio Díaz' paths crossed again, this time at the footsteps of the Escuela de Música de Caracas to meet and audition for the guitar classes of Raúl Borges
Raul Borges
Raúl Borges Requena was a renowned Venezuelan pedagogue, guitarist and composer, mentor of several generations of Venezuelan guitarists.- External links :* * *...

.

They graduated in 1949 with the highest of grades. In March of that year, they were introduced to Andrés Segovia
Andrés Segovia
Andrés Torres Segovia, 1st Marquis of Salobreña , known as Andrés Segovia, was a virtuoso Spanish classical guitarist from Linares, Jaén, Andalucia, Spain...

, who was visiting Venezuela at the time. Segovia was impressed enough with the pair, because he invited them to his master classes that were to start the following year in Siena
Siena
Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena.The historic centre of Siena has been declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site. It is one of the nation's most visited tourist attractions, with over 163,000 international arrivals in 2008...

, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

.

Studies in Europe

Despite their obvious qualities as promising guitarists, it took some time for Díaz and Riera to establish themselves in Europe. Riera started his studies in the Real Conservatorio de Música y Declamación in Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...

 in 1952. He obtained a "First Class Diploma" in 1953. In this year, he started his career as a classical guitar performer.

During the Summer of 1954, he was able to attend Segovia's master classes at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena
Siena
Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena.The historic centre of Siena has been declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site. It is one of the nation's most visited tourist attractions, with over 163,000 international arrivals in 2008...

. Segovia led him to perfect his already highly developed technique. It was generally accepted that both he and Díaz were above average in terms of technique and repertoire. Furthermore, they renewed the rather stale (at the time) guitar repertoire, by bringing to Europe the works of important Latin-American composers, which were largely unknown at the time.

Graduation and Concert Tours

In 1954, Riera married Julia Esteban Esteban in Spain and established Madrid as his main place of residence. They had four children together, all of whom were to become musicians: María Josefina, Rubén, Andrés Raúl and Juan José.

The second half of the 1950s was spent touring Europe and Venezuela, playing the repertoire that Segovia had established, as well as the works of Latin-American composers such as the aforementioned Lauro, Heitor Villa-Lobos
Heitor Villa-Lobos
Heitor Villa-Lobos was a Brazilian composer, described as "the single most significant creative figure in 20th-century Brazilian art music". Villa-Lobos has become the best-known and most significant Latin American composer to date. He wrote numerous orchestral, chamber, instrumental and vocal works...

, Agustín Barrios Mangoré, Manuel Ponce, Vicente Emilio Sojo
Vicente Emilio Sojo
Vicente Emilio Sojo was a Venezuelan musicologist, educator and composer, born in Guatire, Miranda.- Biography :...

 and his old master, Raúl Borges. During those touring years, he started introducing his own pieces in his repertoire. Riera also performed many guitar duo concerts with his friend Alirio Díaz. In 1956, the two recorded an LP
Gramophone record
A gramophone record, commonly known as a phonograph record , vinyl record , or colloquially, a record, is an analog sound storage medium consisting of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove...

 of popular Latin American pieces under a pseudonym to avoid incurring the wrath of Segovia, who frowned at the popular repertoire for the guitar (the album was released as El Uno y El Otro i.e. "One and the Other").

New York: the consolidation of a triple career

In 1962, Venezuelan writer and composer Conny Méndez
Conny Méndez
Juana María de la Concepción, commonly referred as Conny Méndez, was born on 11 April 1898 in Caracas, Venezuela, and died in Miami, 26 November 1979. She was a composer, singer, writer, caricaturist, actress and metaphysican....

 invited Riera to stage a concert in New York
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...

, where she was residing. The recital was very successful in a city which, although traditionally is rich in culture, was thirsty for good classical guitar. Riera ended up staying for years, consolidating his triple career as composer, concert guitarist and teacher.

During those years, Riera composed many important works, the best known today being the Preludio Criollo, which is a required piece in the guitar syllabi in Europe and the Americas. He also composed the prelude Elorac which features a very daring harmonic structure and style that predates the works of modern guitar composers such as Leo Brouwer
Leo Brouwer
Juan Leovigildo Brouwer Mezquida is a Cuban composer, conductor and guitarist. He is the grandson of Cuban composer Ernestina Lecuona Casado.-Biography:...

, Roland Dyens
Roland Dyens
Roland Dyens is a French classical guitarist, composer, and arranger.Dyens studied guitar with the Spanish classical guitarist Alberto Ponce and analysis with Désiré Dondeyne. He has won several prizes in competitions for classical guitar performance as well as for composition...

 and Carlo Domeniconi
Carlo Domeniconi
Carlo Domeniconi is an Italian guitarist and composer known as a concert artist in both the classical and jazz idioms. Born in Cesena, Italy, he received his first instruction with Carmen Lenzi Mozzani at the age of 13...

.

Riera also performed many times on different stages and concert halls in the U.S. East Coast
East Coast of the United States
The East Coast of the United States, also known as the Eastern Seaboard, refers to the easternmost coastal states in the United States, which touch the Atlantic Ocean and stretch up to Canada. The term includes the U.S...

 both as a solo guitarist and as featured soloist with an orchestra.

The return to Venezuela: Self-realization as educator

In 1969 he decided to move back to Venezuela with his family. He established himself in Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto is the capital city of the State of Lara located in west central Venezuela, halfway between Caracas and Maracaibo on the Turbio River.-Overview:...

, in 1971, where he created a music studies program for the Universidad Centro Occidental Lisandro Alvarado. Additionally, in the summer months, he opened a teaching practice similar to what he had experienced in Siena. In 1971, he ran the first Curso Internacional de Guitarra between July 1 and August 30. Many Venezuelan and foreign-born guitarists attended. The last one took place in 1991.

Last Years

He spent his last years composing and teaching further. His presence was often a cherished sight at guitar festivals in Caracas
Caracas
Caracas , officially Santiago de León de Caracas, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela; natives or residents are known as Caraquenians in English . It is located in the northern part of the country, following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Venezuelan coastal mountain range...

 and other cities, where he held informal meetings and fraternal conversations with other guitarists of fame, like Alirio Díaz, Leo Brouwer
Leo Brouwer
Juan Leovigildo Brouwer Mezquida is a Cuban composer, conductor and guitarist. He is the grandson of Cuban composer Ernestina Lecuona Casado.-Biography:...

, David Russell
David Russell (guitarist)
David Russell is a classical guitarist.-Biography:When Russell was five years of age, his family moved from Glasgow to Minorca, where he became interested in the guitar, imitating the likes of Andrés Segovia and Julian Bream....

, Carlos Barbosa-Lima, and of course his many pupils, several of which are now celebrities. A composer's competition was established bearing his name. Rodrigo Riera died in Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto is the capital city of the State of Lara located in west central Venezuela, halfway between Caracas and Maracaibo on the Turbio River.-Overview:...

 on August 9, 1999.

Guitar Works

The work of Rodrigo Riera concentrates on Latin American forms. He once said that he "would feel silly [...writing...] fugue
Fugue
In music, a fugue is a compositional technique in two or more voices, built on a subject that is introduced at the beginning in imitation and recurs frequently in the course of the composition....

s
and minuet
Minuet
A minuet, also spelled menuet, is a social dance of French origin for two people, usually in 3/4 time. The word was adapted from Italian minuetto and French menuet, and may have been from French menu meaning slender, small, referring to the very small steps, or from the early 17th-century popular...

s
, when we don't have that kind of music [in Latin America]." Therefore, his compositions are a reflection of the music that was popular in the early 20th century. He wrote valses, danzas, joropos, golpes, gaitas
Gaita (music style)
Gaita is a style of Venezuelan folk music from Maracaibo in Zulia State. According to Joan Corominas, it may come from gaits, the Gothic word for "goat", which is the skin generally used for the membrane of the furro instrument. Other instruments used in gaita include maracas, cuatro, charrasca and...

, merengues
Venezuelan merengue
The word merengue designates a musical form extended through all the Caribbean. The first occurrences of merengue in print in Venezuela are from scores of “dance merengue” of the second-half of the 19th century . As a dance craze, merengue acquired popularity in Caracas during the 1920s. It is...

and even a few choro
Choro
Choro , traditionally called chorinho , is a Brazilian popular music instrumental style. Its origins are in 19th century Rio de Janeiro. In spite of the name, the style often has a fast and happy rhythm, characterized by virtuosity, improvisation, subtile modulations and full of syncopation and...

s
.

Most Popular Pieces

Rodrigo Riera's compositions are not easy to catalog or categorize, as there is a copious assortment of notable compositions from his years in Spain, like Choro (1960). Merengue Venezolano (1962), Serenata Ingenua (1963), and Canción Caroreña (1964); from his years in New York, as Preludio Criollo (1963), Elorac, (1964), A Venezuelan triptych - Melancolía, Monotonía, Nostalgia (1968), Golpe al Diablo de Carora (1969); and those compositions he created in Venezuela, the most popular of which are: Chorinho, Homenaje a la Chicachagua, Pajarillo con Revoltillo (1980s), and Suite Popular - Homage to Maestro Antonio Lauro (1990).

Complete List of Works




WORKS FOR THE GUITAR
  • Aire venezolano, 17.Mar.1963;
  • Perfil gitano, New York, 1964;
  • Estudio to put a kitten to sleep, 25.May.1972;
  • Sugerente, waltz, Barquisimeto, 12.Mar.1976, ded. to his son Andrés Raúl;
  • Preludio (Estudio), Caracas, 14.Jun.1976, ded. to his friend Francisco Andrés, inspired on J.S.Bach;
  • Paseo, 25.Nov.1978;
  • Joropito, 25.Dec.1978;
  • Aguinaldo, Barquisimeto, 4.Dec.1978;
  • Melodía para dos guitarras, Barquisimeto, 6.Dec.1978 (there is a transcription for guitar and bassoon
    Bassoon
    The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor registers, and occasionally higher. Appearing in its modern form in the 19th century, the bassoon figures prominently in orchestral, concert band and chamber music literature...

    );
  • Preludio estudio, 1978;
  • Valse Estudio, Barquisimeto, 3.Mar.1979;
  • Valse (Suite to sing to the Peoples);
  • Valse Estudio, Barquisimeto, 5.Jun.1979;
  • Seis por derecho, 20.Jun.1979,
  • Estudio preludio, Barquisimeto, 18.Nov.1979;
  • Preludio, Barquisimeto, 28.Nov.1979;
  • Estudio, 25.Jun.197?; Preludio, 27.Jan.1980;
  • Melodía (in waltz form), Barquisimeto, 5.Apr.1980;
  • El Poeta, Barquisimeto, 5.Apr.1980;
  • Valse al negro Tino, Barquisimeto, 16.May.1980;
  • Preludio Ingenuo, 9.Jul.1980;
  • Canción y Danza, Barquisimeto, 18. VII.1980, ded. to his cousin Ignacio Ramos Silva, guitarist;
  • Preludio, Barquisimeto, 22.Jul.1980;
  • Preludio estudio. 28.Sep.1980;
  • Julita, Barquisimeto, 1980, waltz;
  • El simplón, Barquisimeto, 9.Jun. 1981, tres Guitarras, waltz etude;
  • Pajarillo con revoltillo, Barquisimeto,1981, ded. to his son Rubén;
  • Valse en forma de preludio, 10.Mar.1982;
  • Pequeño Valse, 1.Apr.1982;
  • Valse lento, 10.Jun.1982;
  • Estudio in danza zuliana form, Barquisimeto, 15.Nov.1982;
  • Danza popular venezolana, Barquisimeto, 23.Dec.1982;
  • Estudio, Barquisimeto, 9.Feb.1983;
  • Estudio, 21.Mar. 1983;
  • Estudio, 24.Mar.1983;
  • Estudio-danza, Barquisimeto, 6. IV. 1983;
  • Preludio a Luis, 16.May.1983;
  • Valse, Barquisimeto, 15.Jul. 1983, waltz etude;
  • Estudio, Barquisimeto, 25.Oct.1983;
  • Merengue venezolano, Barquisimeto, 27.Oct. 1983, etude;
  • Merengue venezolano, ?.Mar.1984;
  • Preludio, 20. XI.1984, Preludio in etude form;
  • Pequeña danza, Barquisimeto, 17.Apr.1985, etude; ;
  • Merengue, 23.Apr.1985, etude;
  • Danza, 24.Apr.1985, etude;
  • Canción, 25.Apr.1985, etude;
  • Preludio, Barquisimeto, 24.Apr.1985;
  • Danza, 6.May.1985;
  • Danza infantil, 6.May.1985;
  • El Carne, 21.May.1985, merengue-etude;
  • Valse Estudio, Barquisimeto, 21.May.1985;
  • Preludio, Barquisimeto, 22. V. 1985;
  • Danza en forma de estudio, Barquisimeto, 3.Jun. 1985;
  • Danza, Barquisimeto, 18.Jun.1985;
  • Preludio, 21.Nov. 1985, etude;
  • Lección en forma de chôro, Barquisimeto, 5.Mar.1986, ded. to Felipe Sangiorgi(Musicologist);
  • Preludio criollo, Editado por ´´Edition Sikorsk´´i NR, Germany, c.1963, recorded by the composer;
  • Danza a Maracaibo, recorded by the composer;
  • Serenata ingenua, recorded by the composer;
  • Merengue Venezolano, recorded by the composer;
  • Canción Caroreña, recorded by the composer;
  • Choro (Publ. by Unión Musical Española), Madrid, 1964, recorded by the composer;
  • Nana, (Publ. by Unión Musical Española), Madrid, 1964;
  • Melancolía (Published in the Cuatro Piezas Venezolanas collection, Halstan y Co. Lid, England, c. 1984);
  • Monotonía Nostalgia, ídem.;
  • Valse, ded. to Nando Riera, recorded by the composer;
  • Elorac, ded. to Carole Warner, (Published by Unión Musical Española), Madrid, 1964, recorded by the composer;
  • Estudio; a simple melody in country waltz form;
  • Joropo; Etude;
  • El Encandilador de Zamuros, based on a store by the same name;
  • Danza a Manolay;
  • Preludio a la Cruz;
  • Melody for an Etude by Sor
    Fernando Sor
    Josep Ferran Sorts i Muntades was a Spanish classical guitarist and composer. While he is best known for his guitar compositions, he also composed music for a wide range of genres, including opera, orchestra, string quartet, piano, voice and ballet...

    , ded. Etta Zaccaria and Gustavo Lopez;
  • Oración al Jueves Santo, Preludio;
  • Alegre Golpe; Canción I; Canción II; Valse ded. to don Manuel Guerrero;
  • Estudio Lento; El juguetón, etudes in waltz form; Canción, recorded by the composer;
  • Joropo, improvisation while being recorded by the composer;
  • Merengue, etude;
  • Valse, etude;
  • Preludio; Manotolo; Estudio in merengue form;
  • Valse Estudio; etude in joropo form;
  • Aire venezolano;
  • Valse etude;
  • Danza venezolana;
  • Preludio en terceras;
  • Andante;
  • Danza infantil, merengue infantil;
  • Canción, etude;
  • Danza Estudio, Andante, etudes;
  • Valse, waltz ded. to Agapito Pérez Cordero, guitarist;
  • Estudio; Estudio de simples accordes; Vals campestre, ded. to his son Andrés Raúl;
  • Homenaje a La Chica Chagua;
  • Canción a mi hija María Josefina, ded. to daughter María Josefina;
  • Danza al Zulia, zulian dance;
  • Aire zuliano, ded. to his student Darío González;
  • Valse a mi Nacha Mosquera, waltz ded. to Nacha Mosquera;
  • Canción blanda y Valse estudio, ded. to his son Rubén;
  • Homenaje a Teresa Rojas; Golpe al diablo de Carora; Ysabel, Mercedes, waltzes;
  • Pequeña suite para guitarra a la manera de mi pueblo, Canción, Danza, Pequeño Valse, song, dance, little waltz;
  • El popular, waltz, ded. to his friend the artist Jesús Soto
    Jesús Rafael Soto
    Jesús Rafael Soto was a Venezuelan op and kinetic artist, a sculptor and a painter.He was born in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. He began his artistic career as a boy painting cinema posters in his native city...

    ;
  • Canción, ded. to Raúl Borges;
  • Preludio; Dance; Study; Autograph; Venezuelan profile for two guitars.


TRANSCRIPTIONS & ARRANGEMENTS:
  • Fernando Sor
    Fernando Sor
    Josep Ferran Sorts i Muntades was a Spanish classical guitarist and composer. While he is best known for his guitar compositions, he also composed music for a wide range of genres, including opera, orchestra, string quartet, piano, voice and ballet...

    , Two small works for guitar, for three guitars;
  • Antonio Lauro
    Antonio Lauro
    Antonio Lauro was a Venezuelan musician, considered to be one of the foremost South American composers for the Guitar in the 20th century.- Biography :Antonio Lauro was born in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela...

    , Natalia, waltz, Barquisimeto, 13.May.1981, arr. for two guitars;
  • Flavio Herrera, Polka;
  • (anonymous) Tonada.
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