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Prosencephalon

 

 
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Prosencephalon
 
 
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In the anatomy
Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the body plan. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy and plant anatomy ....
 of the brain
Brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as cnidarian and echinoderm have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all....
 of vertebrates, the prosencephalon (or forebrain) is the rostral
Rostral

Rostral can refer to:* Anatomical terms of location#Directions, Top or cephaled, as opposed to caudal or down.* Rostral bone* Rostral column, a monumental scaled column, frequently decorated with ship bows...
-most (forward-most) portion of the brain
Brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as cnidarian and echinoderm have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all....
. The prosencephalon, the mesencephalon
Mesencephalon

In biological anatomy, the mesencephalon comprises the tectum , tegmentum, the ventricular mesocoelia , and the cerebral peduncles, as well as several nuclei and fasciculi....
 (midbrain), and rhombencephalon
Rhombencephalon

The rhombencephalon is a Morphogenesis categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates.The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres....
 (hindbrain) are the three primary portions of the brain during early development
Developmental biology

Developmental biology is the study of the process by which organisms grow and develop. Modern developmental biology studies the genetic control of cell growth, cellular differentiation and "morphogenesis," which is the process that gives rise to biological tissues, organ s and anatomy....
 of the central nervous system
Central nervous system

The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that functions to coordinate the activity of all parts of the bodies of multicellular organisms....
. It controls body temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and any display of emotions.

At the five-vesicle stage, the prosencephalon separates into the diencephalon
Diencephalon

The diencephalon is the region of the brain that includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, prethalamus or subthalamus and pretectum. The diencephalon is located at the midline of the brain, above the mesencephalon of the brain stem....
 (prethalamus, thalamus
Thalamus

The thalamus is a pair and symmetric part of the brain. It constitutes the main part of the diencephalon....
, hypothalamus
Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland ....
, subthalamus
Subthalamus

The subthalamus is a part of the diencephalon. ...
, epithalamus
Epithalamus

The epithalamus is a Dorsum posterior segment of the diencephalon which includes the habenula, the stria medullaris and the pineal body. Its function is the connection between the limbic system to other parts of the brain....
, and pretectum
Pretectum

The pretectum, also known as the pretectal area, is a region of neurons found between the thalamus and midbrain. It receives binocular vision Sensory system input from Ganglion cell of the eyes, and is the region responsible for maintaining the pupillary light reflex....
) and the telencephalon
Telencephalon

The cerebrum or telencephalon, together with the diencephalon, constitute the forebrain. It is the most anterior or, especially in humans, most superior region of the vertebrate central nervous system....
 (cerebrum).






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In the anatomy
Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the body plan. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy and plant anatomy ....
 of the brain
Brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as cnidarian and echinoderm have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all....
 of vertebrates, the prosencephalon (or forebrain) is the rostral
Rostral

Rostral can refer to:* Anatomical terms of location#Directions, Top or cephaled, as opposed to caudal or down.* Rostral bone* Rostral column, a monumental scaled column, frequently decorated with ship bows...
-most (forward-most) portion of the brain
Brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as cnidarian and echinoderm have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all....
. The prosencephalon, the mesencephalon
Mesencephalon

In biological anatomy, the mesencephalon comprises the tectum , tegmentum, the ventricular mesocoelia , and the cerebral peduncles, as well as several nuclei and fasciculi....
 (midbrain), and rhombencephalon
Rhombencephalon

The rhombencephalon is a Morphogenesis categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates.The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres....
 (hindbrain) are the three primary portions of the brain during early development
Developmental biology

Developmental biology is the study of the process by which organisms grow and develop. Modern developmental biology studies the genetic control of cell growth, cellular differentiation and "morphogenesis," which is the process that gives rise to biological tissues, organ s and anatomy....
 of the central nervous system
Central nervous system

The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that functions to coordinate the activity of all parts of the bodies of multicellular organisms....
. It controls body temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and any display of emotions.

At the five-vesicle stage, the prosencephalon separates into the diencephalon
Diencephalon

The diencephalon is the region of the brain that includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, prethalamus or subthalamus and pretectum. The diencephalon is located at the midline of the brain, above the mesencephalon of the brain stem....
 (prethalamus, thalamus
Thalamus

The thalamus is a pair and symmetric part of the brain. It constitutes the main part of the diencephalon....
, hypothalamus
Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland ....
, subthalamus
Subthalamus

The subthalamus is a part of the diencephalon. ...
, epithalamus
Epithalamus

The epithalamus is a Dorsum posterior segment of the diencephalon which includes the habenula, the stria medullaris and the pineal body. Its function is the connection between the limbic system to other parts of the brain....
, and pretectum
Pretectum

The pretectum, also known as the pretectal area, is a region of neurons found between the thalamus and midbrain. It receives binocular vision Sensory system input from Ganglion cell of the eyes, and is the region responsible for maintaining the pupillary light reflex....
) and the telencephalon
Telencephalon

The cerebrum or telencephalon, together with the diencephalon, constitute the forebrain. It is the most anterior or, especially in humans, most superior region of the vertebrate central nervous system....
 (cerebrum). The cerebrum consists of the cerebral cortex
Cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex is a structure within the brain that plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness....
, underlying white matter
White matter

White matter is one of the three main solid components of the central nervous system. White matter tissue of the freshly cut brain appears white to the naked eye because of being composed largely of lipid....
, and the basal ganglia
Basal ganglia

The basal ganglia are a group of Nucleus in the brain interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem. Mammalian basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions, and learning....
.

When the embryonic prosencephalon fails to divide the brain into two lobes, it results in a condition known as holoprosencephaly
Holoprosencephaly

Holoprosencephaly is a type of cephalic disorder. This is a disorder characterized by the failure of the prosencephalon to develop. During normal development the forebrain is formed and the face begins to develop in the fifth and sixth weeks of human pregnancy....
.

Additional images


See also

  • List of regions in the human brain
    List of regions in the human brain

    anatomy regions of the brain are listed vertically, following hierarchies that are standard in neuroanatomy. Physiology, nervous system#vertebrate nervous systems and Embryology regions are listed horizontally in parentheses where appropriate....