Pinezhsky District
Encyclopedia
Pinezhsky District is an administrative district (raion
), one of the twenty-one
in Arkhangelsk Oblast
, Russia
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Pinezhsky Municipal District. It is located in the northeastern part of the oblast
and borders with Mezensky District
in the north, Leshukonsky District
and Udorsky District of the Komi Republic
in the east, Verkhnetoyemsky District
in the south, Vinogradovsky District
in the southwest, Kholmogorsky District in the west, and Primorsky District
in the northwest. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Karpogory
. District's population: Population of Karpogory accounts for 13.8% of the district's population.
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
. After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
, with the creation of Kevrolsky Uyezd. The center of the uyezd was located in Kevrola, now a village. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
, with the creation of Pinezhsky Uyezd in place of Kevrolsky Uyezd. The center of the uyezd was in Pinega
. In 1796, Pinezhsky Uyezd was transferred to Arkhangelsk Governorate
. In 1925, the town of Pinega, while still being the center of the uyezd, was downgraded to a selo. In February 1927, Pinezhsky Uyezd was abolished and merged into Arkhangelsky Uyezd.
In 1929, several governorates were merged into Northern Krai
. On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished and Pinezhsky District was established. Pinezhsky District became a part of Arkhangelsk Okrug of Northern Krai. At the same time, Karpogorsky District, with the center in the selo of Karpogory, was established. In 1959, Karpogorsky and Pinezhsky Districts were merged into one district with the administrative center located in Karpogory.
In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1930, the okrug was abolished, and the district became subordinate to the central administration of Northern Krai. In 1936, the krai itself was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Pinezhsky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since.
which divides the districts into roughly equal areas.
The main Pinega tributaries within the district are the Yula
(left), the Pokshenga
(left), and the Yezhuga
(right). The northern part of the district belongs to the river basins of the Kuloy River
and its major right tributary, the Nemnyuga
. Minor areas in the east of the district drain across the border of the district to the Mezen River
. The whole area of the district drains into the White Sea
.
Almost the whole of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga
). The exception are the meadows in the floodplain
s. There are many glacial lakes across the district, especially in its northern part. The biggest lakes in Pinezhsky District are Lake Teldozero, Lake Poltozero, Lake Karasozero (all in the northern part of the district), and Lake Krasny Okun (in its southern part).
Karst
landscapes, with karst caves, have been formed in the middle course of the Pinega, now inside the district limits. These hilly landscapes contrast with the plain to the west of them, in the valley of the Northern Dvina River. Pinezhsky Nature Reserve
, located within the district limits, had been created to protect these landscapes and designated as a protected natural area at the federal level.
s. The following selsoviets have been established (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):
and Karpogory
passes through the district. This line is expected to become part of the Belkomur project – a railway line connecting Arkhangelsk via the Komi Republic
with Perm Krai
and the Ural mountains
. The stretch between Arkhangelsk and Karpogory was built in the 1970s.
The Pinega River is navigable below the village of Sogra, although there is no regular passenger navigation. In 1926—1928, a canal
connecting the Pinega with the Kuloy was constructed; however, currently the canal is neglected.
An important road along the right bank of the Pinega connects Arkhangelsk with the valley of the Mezen River
. The road within the limits of the district is not paved. From this road another one, also unpaved, branches off and follows the Pinega to Karpogory, the village of Zanyukhcha, and then crosses the border with the Komi Republic
to the timber production settlements.
The district contains twenty objects classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian Federal law, and additionally one object classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance (the chapel in the selo of Kushkopala). The monuments protected at the federal level include:
There are two state museums in the district — the District Museum in the settlement of Pinega and the memorial museum of the author Fyodor Abramov
in the selo of Verkola, located in the building of the school where he studied.
In 2004, the Karst Museum was open in the Pinezhsky Nature Reserve
. The reserve attracts tourists who visit karst caves.
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), one of the twenty-one
Administrative divisions of Arkhangelsk Oblast
Administratively, Arkhangelsk Oblast is divided into six cities and towns of oblast significance, twenty-one districts, and two island territories . Besides, Mirny is a town under the federal government management....
in Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It includes the Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, as well as the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea....
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Pinezhsky Municipal District. It is located in the northeastern part of the oblast
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
and borders with Mezensky District
Mezensky District
Mezensky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Mezensky Municipal District...
in the north, Leshukonsky District
Leshukonsky District
Leshukonsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Leshukonsky Municipal District...
and Udorsky District of the Komi Republic
Komi Republic
The Komi Republic is a federal subject of Russia .-Geography:The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain...
in the east, Verkhnetoyemsky District
Verkhnetoyemsky District
Verkhnetoyemsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Verkhnetoyemsky Municipal District...
in the south, Vinogradovsky District
Vinogradovsky District
Vinogradovsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Vinogradovsky Municipal District...
in the southwest, Kholmogorsky District in the west, and Primorsky District
Primorsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Primorsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Primorsky Municipal District...
in the northwest. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Karpogory
Karpogory
Karpogory is a rural locality and the administrative center of Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Pinega River. It also serves as the administrative center of Karpogorsky Selsoviet, one of the seventeen selsoviets into which the district is...
. District's population: Population of Karpogory accounts for 13.8% of the district's population.
History
The area was originally populated by the Finno-Ugric peoplesFinno-Ugric peoples
The Finno-Ugric peoples are any of several peoples of Europe who speak languages of the proposed Finno-Ugric language family, such as the Finns, Estonians, Mordvins, and Hungarians...
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
. After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
, with the creation of Kevrolsky Uyezd. The center of the uyezd was located in Kevrola, now a village. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796.The viceroyalty was established by a decree of Catherine II on , 1780...
, with the creation of Pinezhsky Uyezd in place of Kevrolsky Uyezd. The center of the uyezd was in Pinega
Pinega
Pinega is a settlement, formerly a town, in Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Pinega River . It serves as the administrative center of Pinezhsky Selsoviet, one of the seventeen selsoviets into which the district is administratively divided...
. In 1796, Pinezhsky Uyezd was transferred to Arkhangelsk Governorate
Arkhangelsk Governorate
Archangelsk Governorate was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1796 until 1929. Its seat was in Arkhangelsk...
. In 1925, the town of Pinega, while still being the center of the uyezd, was downgraded to a selo. In February 1927, Pinezhsky Uyezd was abolished and merged into Arkhangelsky Uyezd.
In 1929, several governorates were merged into Northern Krai
Northern Krai
Northern Krai was a krai of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk...
. On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished and Pinezhsky District was established. Pinezhsky District became a part of Arkhangelsk Okrug of Northern Krai. At the same time, Karpogorsky District, with the center in the selo of Karpogory, was established. In 1959, Karpogorsky and Pinezhsky Districts were merged into one district with the administrative center located in Karpogory.
In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1930, the okrug was abolished, and the district became subordinate to the central administration of Northern Krai. In 1936, the krai itself was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Pinezhsky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since.
Location and geography
The district is elongated from the northwest to the southeast; the major part of it belongs to the river basin of the PinegaPinega River
The Pinega is a river in Verkhnetoyemsky, Pinezhsky, and Kholmogorsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Northern Dvina River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
which divides the districts into roughly equal areas.
The main Pinega tributaries within the district are the Yula
Yula River
The Yula is a river in Vinogradovsky and Pinezhsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Pinega River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
(left), the Pokshenga
Pokshenga River
The Pokshenga is a river in Vinogradovsky and Pinezhsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Pinega River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
(left), and the Yezhuga
Yezhuga River
The Yezhuga is a river in Udorsky District of the Komi Republic and in Pinezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Pinega River. It is long, and the area of its basin . The principal tributary is the Yeyuga...
(right). The northern part of the district belongs to the river basins of the Kuloy River
Kuloy River (White Sea)
The Kuloy is a river in Pinezhsky and Mezensky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. Its mouth is located in the Mezen Bay of the White Sea. It is long, and the area of its basin . The principal tributaries of the Kuloy are the Kyolda , the Nemnyuga , and the Soyana...
and its major right tributary, the Nemnyuga
Nemnyuga River
The Nemnyuga is a river in Leshukonsky, Pinezhsky, and Mezensky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Kuloy River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
. Minor areas in the east of the district drain across the border of the district to the Mezen River
Mezen River
The Mezen is a river in Udorsky District of the Komi Republic and in Leshukonsky and Mezensky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. Its mouth is located in the Mezen Bay of the White Sea. Mezen is one of the biggest rivers of European Russia. It is long, and the area of its basin...
. The whole area of the district drains into the White Sea
White Sea
The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast. The whole of the White Sea is under Russian sovereignty and considered to be part of...
.
Almost the whole of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga
Taiga
Taiga , also known as the boreal forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests.Taiga is the world's largest terrestrial biome. In North America it covers most of inland Canada and Alaska as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States and is known as the Northwoods...
). The exception are the meadows in the floodplain
Floodplain
A floodplain, or flood plain, is a flat or nearly flat land adjacent a stream or river that stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls and experiences flooding during periods of high discharge...
s. There are many glacial lakes across the district, especially in its northern part. The biggest lakes in Pinezhsky District are Lake Teldozero, Lake Poltozero, Lake Karasozero (all in the northern part of the district), and Lake Krasny Okun (in its southern part).
Karst
KARST
Kilometer-square Area Radio Synthesis Telescope is a Chinese telescope project to which FAST is a forerunner. KARST is a set of large spherical reflectors on karst landforms, which are bowlshaped limestone sinkholes named after the Kras region in Slovenia and Northern Italy. It will consist of...
landscapes, with karst caves, have been formed in the middle course of the Pinega, now inside the district limits. These hilly landscapes contrast with the plain to the west of them, in the valley of the Northern Dvina River. Pinezhsky Nature Reserve
Pinezhsky Nature Reserve
Pinezhsky Nature Reserve, Pinezhsky Zapovednik is the nature reserve in the north of Russia, located in Pinezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, on the right bank of the Pinega River and on both banks of the Sotka River, the source of the Kuloy River. It was established August 20, 1974...
, located within the district limits, had been created to protect these landscapes and designated as a protected natural area at the federal level.
Administrative divisions
Administratively, the district is divided into seventeen selsovietSelsoviet
Selsoviet is a shortened name for a rural council. The full names for the term are, in , , . Selsoviets were the lowest level of administrative division in rural areas in the Soviet Union...
s. The following selsoviets have been established (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):
- Chakolsky (Chakola):
- Karpogorsky (Karpogory);
- Kevrolsky (Kevrola);
- Kushkopalsky (Kushkopala);
- Lavelsky (Novolavela);
- Mezhdurechensky (Mezhdurechensky);
- Nyukhchensky (Zanyukhcha);
- Pinezhsky (Pinega);
- Pokshengsky (Kobelevo);
- Shilegsky (Yasny);
- Shotogorsky (Shotogorka);
- Siysky (Siya);
- Sosnovsky (Sosnovka);
- Sursky (Sura);
- Trufanogorsky (Trufanova);
- Verkolsky (Verkola);
- Yurolsky (Petrova).
Municipal divisions
Municipally, the district is divided into fifteen rural settlements (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):- Karpogorskoye Rural Settlement (KarpogoryKarpogoryKarpogory is a rural locality and the administrative center of Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Pinega River. It also serves as the administrative center of Karpogorsky Selsoviet, one of the seventeen selsoviets into which the district is...
) - Kevrolskoye Rural Settlement (Kevrola)
- Kushkopalskoye Rural Settlement (Kushkopala)
- Lavelskoye Rural Settlement (Novolavela)
- Mezhdurechenskoye Rural Settlement (Mezhdurechensky)
- Nyukhchenskoye Rural Settlement (Zanyukhcha)
- Pinezhskoye Rural Settlement (PinegaPinegaPinega is a settlement, formerly a town, in Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Pinega River . It serves as the administrative center of Pinezhsky Selsoviet, one of the seventeen selsoviets into which the district is administratively divided...
) - Pirinemskoye Rural Settlement (Pirinem)
- Pokshengskoye Rural Settlement (Kobelevo)
- Shilegskoye Rural Settlement (Yasny)
- Siyskoye Rural Settlement (Siya)
- Sosnovskoye Rural Settlement (Sosnovka)
- Surskoye Rural Settlement (Sura)
- Trufanogorskoye Rural Settlement (Trufanova)
- Verkolskoye Rural Settlement (Verkola)
Agriculture
Agriculture accounts for 0.1% of the total production, and is mainly represented by cattle breeding and production of potatoes.Transport
A railway line connecting ArkhangelskArkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk , formerly known as Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the north of European Russia. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river...
and Karpogory
Karpogory
Karpogory is a rural locality and the administrative center of Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Pinega River. It also serves as the administrative center of Karpogorsky Selsoviet, one of the seventeen selsoviets into which the district is...
passes through the district. This line is expected to become part of the Belkomur project – a railway line connecting Arkhangelsk via the Komi Republic
Komi Republic
The Komi Republic is a federal subject of Russia .-Geography:The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain...
with Perm Krai
Perm Krai
Perm Krai is a federal subject of Russia that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. The city of Perm became the administrative center of the new federal subject...
and the Ural mountains
Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains , or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan. Their eastern side is usually considered the natural boundary between Europe and Asia...
. The stretch between Arkhangelsk and Karpogory was built in the 1970s.
The Pinega River is navigable below the village of Sogra, although there is no regular passenger navigation. In 1926—1928, a canal
Kuloy-Pinega Canal
Kuloy-Pinega Canal is a canal connecting the Kuloy River and the Pinega River in Northern Russia at their closest points. The length of the canal is...
connecting the Pinega with the Kuloy was constructed; however, currently the canal is neglected.
An important road along the right bank of the Pinega connects Arkhangelsk with the valley of the Mezen River
Mezen River
The Mezen is a river in Udorsky District of the Komi Republic and in Leshukonsky and Mezensky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. Its mouth is located in the Mezen Bay of the White Sea. Mezen is one of the biggest rivers of European Russia. It is long, and the area of its basin...
. The road within the limits of the district is not paved. From this road another one, also unpaved, branches off and follows the Pinega to Karpogory, the village of Zanyukhcha, and then crosses the border with the Komi Republic
Komi Republic
The Komi Republic is a federal subject of Russia .-Geography:The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain...
to the timber production settlements.
Culture and recreation
- The buildings in the selo of Verkola, including the ensemble of Artemiev Verkolsky Monastery (the oldest building, the St. Iliya Church, is from 1697);
- Chukhchenemsky Pogost in the selo of Yedoma;
- Krasnogorsky Monastery in the selo of Maletino.
There are two state museums in the district — the District Museum in the settlement of Pinega and the memorial museum of the author Fyodor Abramov
Fyodor Abramov
Fyodor Aleksandrovich Abramov was a Russian novelist and literary critic. His work focused on the difficult lives of the Russian peasant class. He was frequently reprimanded for deviations from Soviet policy on writing....
in the selo of Verkola, located in the building of the school where he studied.
In 2004, the Karst Museum was open in the Pinezhsky Nature Reserve
Pinezhsky Nature Reserve
Pinezhsky Nature Reserve, Pinezhsky Zapovednik is the nature reserve in the north of Russia, located in Pinezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, on the right bank of the Pinega River and on both banks of the Sotka River, the source of the Kuloy River. It was established August 20, 1974...
. The reserve attracts tourists who visit karst caves.