Philip I, Margrave of Baden
Encyclopedia
Margrave Philip I of Baden (6 November 1479 – 17 September 1533) took over the administration of his father's possessions Baden (Baden-Baden
), Durlach
, Pforzheim
and Altensteig
and parts of Eberstein, Lahr
and Mahlberg
in 1515 and ruled as governor until he inherited the territories in 1527. From 1524 till 1527, he also acted as an imperial governor in the second Imperial Government
.
. His father intended to avoid splitting the inheritance and regarded Philip as his most capable son, so he wanted Philip to inherit the sovereignty over all his territories. He intended Philip to marry with Joan, the heiress of Margrave Philip of Hachberg-Sausenberg
— a junior branch of the House of Baden branch line, so that Philip would become sovereign of a considerable territory. The plan failed due to resistance of the French king.
Because of the resistance of Philip's worldly brothers, Christopher later changed his will twice.
Philip's brother Bernhard III
inherited the holdings on the left bank of the Rhine, his brother Ernest
inherited the baronies Hachberg, Usenberg, Sausenburg
, Rötteln
and Baden Castle in Badenweiler
in South Baden.
Philip fought on the French side in the Italian Wars
. In 1501 he commanded a ship in the French fleet, that supported the Venice
in the war against the Turks.
During his reign, Philip was confronted a wave of rebellions
all over southern Germany. In a continuation of the Bundschuh movement
and again under the leadership of Joss Fritz
the peasants stood up and fought for their rights. This often led to abuse and violence. The rebels marched through Durlach to the monastery Gottesaue, which was looted and completely destroyed — under the eyes of the Margrave. He reponded by attacking the homes of the rebels and for example in Berghausen three houses were set on fire. The real aim, however, was the territory of the bishop George of the Palatinate of Speyer, who finally escaped to the Count Palatine of Heidelberg
. It wasn't until 1525 that Elector Louis V
and his army managed to end the insurgency. On 25 May 1525, Philip I concluded the Treaty of Renchen
with his peasants.
He died in 1533 without male heirs. Of his six children only his daughter Maria Jakobäa
(1507–1580) survived him. In 1522, she married Duke William IV of Bayern
. His two brothers, Ernest
and Bernhard III
divided his estate among themselves — the resulting margraviates of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden were reunified in 1771.
.
His tomb is adorned with a life size sculpture in full armor, but without a helmet. The tomb bears the following Latin
is inscription:
The gravestone was created in 1537 by Christoph von Urach.
Philip
. The couple had the following children:
Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden is a spa town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River, in the region of Karlsruhe...
), Durlach
Durlach
Durlach is a borough of the German city of Karlsruhe with a population of roughly 30,000.-History:Durlach was bestowed by emperor Frederick II on the margrave Hermann V of Zähringen as an allodial possession, but afterwards came into the hands of Rudolph of Habsburg.It was chosen by the margrave...
, Pforzheim
Pforzheim
Pforzheim is a town of nearly 119,000 inhabitants in the state of Baden-Württemberg, southwest Germany at the gate to the Black Forest. It is world-famous for its jewelry and watch-making industry. Until 1565 it was the home to the Margraves of Baden. Because of that it gained the nickname...
and Altensteig
Altensteig
Altensteig is a town in the district of Calw, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated in the eastern Black Forest, 18 km southwest of Calw, and 19 km northeast of Freudenstadt.- Subdivisions :...
and parts of Eberstein, Lahr
Lahr
Lahr is a city in western Baden-Württemberg, Germany, approximately 38 km north of Freiburg in Breisgau and 100 km south of Karlsruhe...
and Mahlberg
Mahlberg
Mahlberg is a town in the Ortenaukreis, in western Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 8 km southwest of Lahr....
in 1515 and ruled as governor until he inherited the territories in 1527. From 1524 till 1527, he also acted as an imperial governor in the second Imperial Government
Imperial Government
The name imperial government denotes two organs, created in 1500 and 1521 respectively, in the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation to enable a unified political leadership, with input from the Princes...
.
Life
Philip was the fifth son of the Margrave Christopher I of Baden and Ottilie of KatzenelnbogenOttilie of Katzenelnbogen
Ottilie von Katzenelnbogen was the daughter of count Philip II "the Younger" of Katzenelnbogen and Countess Ottilie of Nassau , whom he married in 1450...
. His father intended to avoid splitting the inheritance and regarded Philip as his most capable son, so he wanted Philip to inherit the sovereignty over all his territories. He intended Philip to marry with Joan, the heiress of Margrave Philip of Hachberg-Sausenberg
Philip of Hachberg-Sausenberg
Margrave Philip of Hachberg-Sausenberg was the son of the Margrave Rudolf IV of Hachberg-Sausenberg and Margaret of Vienne. Philip reigned 1487-1503 as Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg and Count of Neuchâtel...
— a junior branch of the House of Baden branch line, so that Philip would become sovereign of a considerable territory. The plan failed due to resistance of the French king.
Because of the resistance of Philip's worldly brothers, Christopher later changed his will twice.
Philip's brother Bernhard III
Bernhard III, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Bernhard III, Margrave of Baden-Baden inherited in 1515 part of his fathers margraviate of Baden. He ruled his part from 1515 until 1536....
inherited the holdings on the left bank of the Rhine, his brother Ernest
Ernest, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
Margrave Ernest I of Baden-Durlach was the founder of the so-called "Ernestine" line of the House of Baden, the from which the later Grand Dukes descended. He was the ruling Margrave of Baden-Pforzheim from 1533 and resided in Pforzheim from 1537...
inherited the baronies Hachberg, Usenberg, Sausenburg
Sausenburg Castle
Sausenburg Castle is a German castle ruin at the foot of the Black Forest, just north of the city of Kandern in Baden-Württemberg, between the villages of Sitzenkirch and Malsburg-Marzell. The castle was originally the stronghold of the lords von Sausenburg...
, Rötteln
Rötteln Castle
Rötteln Castle , located above the Lörrach suburb of Haagen, lies in the extreme southwest corner of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The fortification was one of the most powerful in the southwest, and today is the third largest castle ruin in Baden....
and Baden Castle in Badenweiler
Badenweiler
Badenweiler, a health resort and spa of the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, historically in the Markgräflerland. It is 28 kilometers by road and rail from Basel, 10 kilometers from the French border, and 20 kilometers away from Mulhouse...
in South Baden.
Philip fought on the French side in the Italian Wars
Italian Wars
The Italian Wars, often referred to as the Great Italian Wars or the Great Wars of Italy and sometimes as the Habsburg–Valois Wars, were a series of conflicts from 1494 to 1559 that involved, at various times, most of the city-states of Italy, the Papal States, most of the major states of Western...
. In 1501 he commanded a ship in the French fleet, that supported the Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
in the war against the Turks.
During his reign, Philip was confronted a wave of rebellions
German Peasants' War
The German Peasants' War or Great Peasants' Revolt was a widespread popular revolt in the German-speaking areas of Central Europe, 1524–1526. At its height in the spring and summer of 1525, the conflict involved an estimated 300,000 peasants: contemporary estimates put the dead at 100,000...
all over southern Germany. In a continuation of the Bundschuh movement
Bundschuh movement
The Bundschuh movement was a loosely linked series of localized peasant rebellions in southwestern Germany. It played an important part in the German Peasants' War of the early 15th and 16th centuries. It was so called because of the peasant shoe the peasants displayed on their flag – symbolizing...
and again under the leadership of Joss Fritz
Joss Fritz
Joss Fritz was a late fifteenth and early sixteenth century insurgent who lived in Germany. He was particularly active in the Upper Rhine area, organizing at least three major Bundschuh revolts, in 1502, 1512 and 1519. These revolts were all suppressed before they could take form, however, as he...
the peasants stood up and fought for their rights. This often led to abuse and violence. The rebels marched through Durlach to the monastery Gottesaue, which was looted and completely destroyed — under the eyes of the Margrave. He reponded by attacking the homes of the rebels and for example in Berghausen three houses were set on fire. The real aim, however, was the territory of the bishop George of the Palatinate of Speyer, who finally escaped to the Count Palatine of Heidelberg
Heidelberg
-Early history:Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, "Heidelberg Man" died at nearby Mauer. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907; with scientific dating, his remains were determined to be the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of...
. It wasn't until 1525 that Elector Louis V
Louis V, Elector Palatine
Louis V, Count Palatine of the Rhine ; a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty was prince elector of the Palatinate....
and his army managed to end the insurgency. On 25 May 1525, Philip I concluded the Treaty of Renchen
Renchen
Renchen is a small city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, part of the district of Ortenau.-Geography:Renchen is located in the foothills of the northern Black Forest at the entrance to the Rench valley at the edge of the Upper Rhine River Plains....
with his peasants.
He died in 1533 without male heirs. Of his six children only his daughter Maria Jakobäa
Marie of Baden-Sponheim
Marie Jakobaea of Baden-Sponheim was a German noblewoman and duchess of Bavaria.- Life :...
(1507–1580) survived him. In 1522, she married Duke William IV of Bayern
William IV, Duke of Bavaria
William IV of Bavaria was Duke of Bavaria from 1508 to 1550, until 1545 together with his younger brother Louis X, Duke of Bavaria....
. His two brothers, Ernest
Ernest, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
Margrave Ernest I of Baden-Durlach was the founder of the so-called "Ernestine" line of the House of Baden, the from which the later Grand Dukes descended. He was the ruling Margrave of Baden-Pforzheim from 1533 and resided in Pforzheim from 1537...
and Bernhard III
Bernhard III, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Bernhard III, Margrave of Baden-Baden inherited in 1515 part of his fathers margraviate of Baden. He ruled his part from 1515 until 1536....
divided his estate among themselves — the resulting margraviates of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden were reunified in 1771.
Grave
The grave of the Margrave Philip I of Baden is located in the Collegiate Church in Baden-BadenBaden-Baden
Baden-Baden is a spa town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River, in the region of Karlsruhe...
.
His tomb is adorned with a life size sculpture in full armor, but without a helmet. The tomb bears the following Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
is inscription:
- HALLOWED BY THE BELIEF IN GOD
- THE ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE PHILIP, MARGRAVE OF BADEN,
- AN EXCELLENT PRINCE WITH A POWERFUL BODY AND A BEAUTYFUL SHAPE,
- WHO BEGAN HIS THE CAREER AS KNIGHT WITH CHARLES VIII, KING OF FRANCE;
- AT THE SIEGE OF MILAN
- WHO COMMANDED PART OF THE FLEET AT THE SIEGE OF MITHYLENE
- WHO TRAVELED SPAIN AND FRANCE,
- WHO WAS GOVERNOR OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE DURING THE REIGN OF EMPEROR CHARLES V,
- WHO ACHIEVED GREAT THINGS ON LAND AND ON WATER,
- WHO DESERVED MERIT AT HOME WITH WISDOM AND MODERATION WRT THE CITIZENS
- - TO HIM -
- TO HIS VERY OWN BROTHER,
- THIS WAS MONUMENT DEDICATED BY THE LAST WILL OF PRINCE ERNEST,
- HE LIVED 54 YEARS 10 MONTHS 7 DAYS,
- AND DIED IN 1533 ON SEPTEMBER 17.
The gravestone was created in 1537 by Christoph von Urach.
Marriage and descendants
Margrave Philip I married on 3 January 1503 Elizabeth of the Palatinate (* 16 November 1483, † 24 June 1522), the daughter of the ElectorPrince-elector
The Prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Roman king or, from the middle of the 16th century onwards, directly the Holy Roman Emperor.The heir-apparent to a prince-elector was known as an...
Philip
Philip, Elector Palatine
Philip the Upright, Elector Palatine of the Rhine was an Elector Palatine of the Rhine from the house of Wittelsbach from 1476 to 1508....
. The couple had the following children:
- Marie JakobäaMarie of Baden-SponheimMarie Jakobaea of Baden-Sponheim was a German noblewoman and duchess of Bavaria.- Life :...
(1507–1580)
- married in 1522 Duke William IV of BavariaWilliam IV, Duke of BavariaWilliam IV of Bavaria was Duke of Bavaria from 1508 to 1550, until 1545 together with his younger brother Louis X, Duke of Bavaria....
(1493–1550)- Philipp (1508–1509)
- Philipp Jakob (* / † 1511)
- Eva Marie (* / † 1513)
- Johann Adam (* / † 1516)
- Max Kaspar (* / † 1519)