Pentecostal Collegiate Institute (Rhode Island)
Encyclopedia
The Pentecostal Collegiate Institute (Rhode Island) was a co-educational interdenominational collegiate institute
located at North Scituate, Rhode Island from September 1902 to 1918. PCI was incorporated in Rhode Island and operated by its own board in association with the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America (until October 1907), and under the auspices of the Church of the Nazarene
since 1915, and is considered an antecedent institution of Eastern Nazarene College
.
in Saratoga Springs, New York
from 25 September 1900. Disagreements with its founding president and second principal, Rev. Lyman C. Pettit
, resulted in the Educational Committee of the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America (APCA) deciding in May 1902 to dismiss Pettit, sell its assets in Saratoga Springs and relocate to North Scituate, Rhode Island, a village roughly 10 miles (16.1 km) west of Providence
, where the North Scituate Pentecostal congregation had been located on the west side of Silk Lane, North Scituate, since its organization during the winter of 1896-1897. When it was discovered that the Saratoga Springs property had been held in Pettit's own name, the APCA was forced to raise additional funds to purchase a new campus.
, the pastor of the People's Pentecostal Church in South Providence, placed an option on the disused facilities of the former Lapham Institute, which had been vacant since 1876. The facilities Hillery and Albrecht had located comprised a large three-story Greek Revival
central building designed by New England
architect Russell Warren
in 1839. The central building was attached by two-story covered walkways to two separate wings, that each had 33 rooms, and housed classrooms, offices, staff apartments, and dining facilities, a library and reading room on the second floor, and a large room on the third floor which might serve as a chapel, while the other two buildings served as separate male and female dormitories. Authorised by the Educational Committee, Hillery purchased the Lanham Institute property for $4,500, and arranged a mortgage loan
for $3,000.
The APCA Educational Committee voted to organize a separate corporation to administer the new school, with the proviso that it would be dependent upon the APCA. PCI was incorporated
ultimately in Rhode Island on 17 April 1903. Its initial incorporators were all members of the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America (APCA): Fred A. Hillery
, Henry N. Brown, William H. Bache, Henry M. Randall, and Frank L. Sprague. It was established: "for the purpose of conducting a school for the education of children and youth, and for other educational, charitable, and literary purposes". Members of the Educational Committee were able to sell sufficient stock to finance the purchase and renovations.
Almost immediately after consummation of the purchase, Albrecht and another faculty member, Ernest Winslow Perry (born in 1876 in Brattleboro, Vermont
; died 22 November 1902 in North Scituate, Rhode Island), an 1898 graduate of Boston University
, who had been a teacher in Pembroke, Massachusetts
, who had taught Greek, German, science, and mathematics at PCI in Saratoga Springs from 1901; and some of the PCI students who had relocated from Saratoga Springs (including future APCA and Nazarene missionary to India Leighton S. Tracy), worked diligently to renovate the facilities in preparation for the commencement of classes. PCI opened for its first classes on 16 September 1902. As most students and faculty refused to move from the Saratoga Springs school, the full liberal arts program was dropped. While the school at Saratoga Springs had a four-year liberal arts
program for its ministerial students, for several years the relocated PCI only offered elementary
and secondary education
programs, and a college preparatory program.
According to Nazarene historian, M.E. Redford: "Difficulties in securing students, funds, and teachers characterized the four-year period which followed the move." One of the new recruits to the faculty was Olive May Winchester
(born 22 November 1879 in Monson, Maine
; died 15 February 1947 at Pasadena, California
), a member of the APCA, who was a graduate of Radcliffe Ladies College
, and also the niece of Oliver Fisher Winchester
(30 November 1810 – 11 December 1880), the manufacturer and marketer of the Winchester repeating rifle. Winchester taught at PCI until 1909, at which time she went to Glasgow, Scotland to study at the divinity school of the University of Glasgow
. Winchester traveled frequently on behalf of the college, raising money and holding services in small communities that lacked regular church services. Another faculty member at that time was Jesse B. Mowry, who was also Superintendent of Schools in Glocester, Rhode Island
, and the Commissioner for Forestry for Rhode Island.
On Saturday afternoon, 22 November 1902, two PCI instructors, Ernest Winslow Perry, and Albert C. Brewer of Burlington, Vermont
, and a student, Miss Elizabeth L. Moon of Saratoga Springs, New York
, drowned while canoeing on nearby Moswansicut Lake
. The first class graduated from PCI in June 1903, with Miss Estella "Stella" Adelia Reynolds (born 6 January 1882), younger daughter of APCA Foreign Missionary Secretary Hiram F. Reynolds, the first graduate. After the resignation of William Howard Hoople
as APCA superintendent of home missions in 1904 over the refusal of the APCA board to assume any responsibility for some of the debt of the Saratoga Springs school, the Educational committee authorized Reynolds to act as general agent for PCI. Albrecht resigned as principal by August 1904 to establish the short-lived Hudson River Holiness Institute, an interdenominational co-educational college preparatory school
, in the Prospect Park Hotel at Catskill Point, Catskill, New York
, which he leased. By 1910 Albrecht seems to have become an inmate of the Hudson River State Hospital
, a state psychiatric hospital
then operating at Poughkeepsie, New York.
), a Methodist clergyman of the Vermont Conference, who had been the third principal of the Saratoga Springs school during its last months of operation, was appointed interim principal of PCI for the fall term of 1904.
(born 18 May 1836 in Franklin, Massachusetts
; died in Markazi Province
, Persia about 1908), who was a ordained Methodist evangelist, who had served for about twelve years as a missionary in India, and a prolific author, served as interim principal at PCI during 1905.
), a Methodist clergyman, was principal of PCI.
; died 12 May 1939 in Garden Valley, Idaho
, a former Congregationalist pastor who had testified to the experience of entire sanctification since 1901, became the principal of PCI in 1906. By 1907 the enrollment had increased to eighty-four, overcoming the decrease in students caused by the change of location. In a report published in 1907, Angell indicated that the staff "teach and work for meager salaries in order that they may assist in providing sanctified education."
After the union of the APCA and the Church of the Nazarene at Chicago in October 1907 to form the Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene, PCI was endorsed by the new denomination but received no additional financial support, as within a year there were three other Nazarene institutions of higher education also needing financial assistance. Angell and his successors struggled to raise the necessary funds to finance PCI. In order to help needy students pay their way, in 1908 Angell decided to start a separate industrial education program at PCI under the name of the Pentecostal Trade Schools, which was incorporated as a separate corporation in Rhode Island in 1911. By 1910 PCI had purchased machinery to make brooms, sew, and print, and thus enabled its students to earn their tuition and board. In order to attract more students, PCI soon started commercial and stenographic courses. On 12 July 1911 PCI faculty member Bertha Munro (born 19 February 1887 in Saugus, Massachusetts
; died 23 January 1983 at Quincy, Massachusetts
), who was en route from a wedding in Washington, D.C.
to her brother Joseph's funeral at Cliftondale, Massachusetts, survived the crash of the Federal Express train on the New Haven Railroad near Bridgeport, Connecticut
, which killed twelve other passengers, with a broken right arm.
In 1913 Angell resigned as principal due to severe ill health caused by the weight of the challenges of PCI. but returned as a faculty member at ENC in 1922, where he served as dean of the theology department and pastor of the college church until 1936.
; died 16 December 1948 at Lowell, Massachusetts
), who was a supporter of PCI since its days in Saratoga Springs, and had helped Winchester hold services and raise funds for PCI, and was a nationally-known evangelist
for the Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene, served as interim principal of PCI for the 1913-1914 school year. Curry indicates that "[O]ur School in North Scituate, R.I. got into severe trouble due to a break down in Brother Angell's health. The Director asked me to take it - and with fear and trembling I did. I started a revival and God came and every member of the School was saved or sanctified."
), then associate pastor of the John Wesley Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene in Brooklyn, became the new principal of PCI, with Angell remaining as part of the faculty. Bearse laid the foundations for the eventual addition of a four-year liberal arts program at PCI, by recruiting well-qualified faculty members. Bearse himself had attended Brown
and Boston
Universities. In 1914 Olive Winchester
, the first woman to graduate with a Bachelor of Divinity
degree from Glasgow University, and the first woman ordained by any Christian denomination in Scotland, returned to PCI to be the head of the Theology department, and was appointed vice-principal. Bertha Munro, who was head of the academy
, was an honor graduate of Brown University, and soon to commence her graduate studies at Radcliffe College
; while Stephen S. White (born 25 January 1890 in Walnut Springs, Texas
; died 21 March 1971 at Kankakee, Illinois
) was attending graduate classes at Brown. Despite the improvement in the qualifications of the faculty, PCI continued to struggle financially. Bearse wrote: "If we only could have fires to keep us warm, and food to eat that was paid for, it would seem almost like heaven. . . . The struggle to meet our bills is a real test of blood and nerve." Duriing 1916 a sixteen-year old male student died after eating candy purchased from a local drug store that contained poison.
, Canada), an ordained Methodist clergyman, who was a graduate of Boston University
; and had been a missionary under the Methodist Episcopal Church Missionary Society, and served the acting principal at the Salt Lake Seminary in Utah from about 1888; a professor at Taylor University
since 1904, and acting president for ten months from June 1907; and had been a professor at PCI from at least 1912, served as interim principal for the 1916-1917 academic year. Winchester resigned in 1916 to continue her studies at Berkeley, California
at the Pacific School of Religion.
; died 26 January 1935 in Indianapolis, Indiana
), then principal of the Central Nazarene University in Hamlin, Texas
, accepted the invitation to be the principal of PCI and the challenge of ameliorating the college's debt Moore was successful in raising the required funds before December 1918. While principal at PCI, Moore did graduate work for a master's degree at Boston University. In 1918 the Board of Trustees voted to make Moore president of the college, commence the full four-year college course, and to change the institution's name to Eastern Nazarene College
. In 1918 the Board of Trustees voted to relocate the college to its present location in Wollaston, Massachusetts, In 1919 Moore resigned to become president of Olivet Nazarene University
then located at Olivet, Illinois
.
(born 26 March 1880 at Mentor, Ohio
; died 21 December 1953 at Pasadena, California
, a graduate of Pasadena University, as president.
in Providence in 1908, who operated his industrial school at on the former PCI campus from 1923 until its bankruptcy in 1938, and then a summer camp until 1974.
Over the years, the buildings became ill-kept and in disrepair, after a series of fires believed to have been deliberately lit by the local Ku Klux Klan
in the 1920s and 1930s. In the 1970s, an effort to repair and restore the structure was successful, and they were listed on the National Register of Historic Places
in 1978.
Collegiate institute
A collegiate institute is a term that can refer to a school either of secondary education or of higher education. It has a complex definition that varies regionally, and has been largely unused outside of Canada since the early 20th century.-Canada:...
located at North Scituate, Rhode Island from September 1902 to 1918. PCI was incorporated in Rhode Island and operated by its own board in association with the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America (until October 1907), and under the auspices of the Church of the Nazarene
Church of the Nazarene
The Church of the Nazarene is an evangelical Christian denomination that emerged from the 19th century Holiness movement in North America with its members colloquially referred to as Nazarenes. It is the largest Wesleyan-holiness denomination in the world. At the end of 2010, the Church of the...
since 1915, and is considered an antecedent institution of Eastern Nazarene College
Eastern Nazarene College
The Eastern Nazarene College is a private, coeducational college of the liberal arts and sciences in Quincy, Massachusetts near Boston, in the New England region of the United States. Known for its strong religious affiliation, distinctive liberal arts core curriculum, and excellence in science...
.
Location
The campus of the Pentecostal Collegiate Institute was located at 29 Institute Lane, North Scituate, Rhode Island, "on a crest between Route 6 and Route 116 and visible from the Village Green".History
The Pentecostal Collegiate Institute had previously operated as the Pentecostal Collegiate Institute and Bible SeminaryPentecostal Collegiate Institute (New York)
The Pentecostal Collegiate Institute was a short-lived co-educational collegiate institute operated initially by the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America at Saratoga Springs, New York from September 1900 to May 1902, and from then by Lyman C. Pettit until its closure in February 1903...
in Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs, also known as simply Saratoga, is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 26,586 at the 2010 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area. While the word "Saratoga" is known to be a corruption of a Native American name, ...
from 25 September 1900. Disagreements with its founding president and second principal, Rev. Lyman C. Pettit
Lyman C. Pettit
Lyman C. Pettit was the founder and first president of the Pentecostal Collegiate Institute ; the founding pastor of both the Congregational Methodist Church of Saratoga Springs, and the First People's Church of Brooklyn, New York; and an ordained clergyman who pastored churches...
, resulted in the Educational Committee of the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America (APCA) deciding in May 1902 to dismiss Pettit, sell its assets in Saratoga Springs and relocate to North Scituate, Rhode Island, a village roughly 10 miles (16.1 km) west of Providence
Providence, Rhode Island
Providence is the capital and most populous city of Rhode Island and was one of the first cities established in the United States. Located in Providence County, it is the third largest city in the New England region...
, where the North Scituate Pentecostal congregation had been located on the west side of Silk Lane, North Scituate, since its organization during the winter of 1896-1897. When it was discovered that the Saratoga Springs property had been held in Pettit's own name, the APCA was forced to raise additional funds to purchase a new campus.
William F. Albrecht (1902-1904)
Acting on their own prayerful impulse and personal initiative, in June 1902 Rev. William F. Albrecht (born June 1856 in New York), the founding principal of the Saratoga school and inaugural principal of the relocated institution, and Rev. Fred A. HilleryFred A. Hillery
Fred A. Hillery was an early leader in the American Holiness Movement; the founding president of the South Providence Holiness Association; the founding pastor of the People's Evangelical Church, the "mother church of the Church of the Nazarene in the East"; a co-founder of the Central Evangelical...
, the pastor of the People's Pentecostal Church in South Providence, placed an option on the disused facilities of the former Lapham Institute, which had been vacant since 1876. The facilities Hillery and Albrecht had located comprised a large three-story Greek Revival
Greek Revival architecture
The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States. A product of Hellenism, it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture...
central building designed by New England
New England
New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut...
architect Russell Warren
Russell Warren (architect)
Russell Warren was an American architect, best known for his Greek Revival style, and notably the design of the Weybosset Arcade, now known as the Westminster Arcade in Providence, Rhode Island.Warren was born in Tiverton, Rhode Island...
in 1839. The central building was attached by two-story covered walkways to two separate wings, that each had 33 rooms, and housed classrooms, offices, staff apartments, and dining facilities, a library and reading room on the second floor, and a large room on the third floor which might serve as a chapel, while the other two buildings served as separate male and female dormitories. Authorised by the Educational Committee, Hillery purchased the Lanham Institute property for $4,500, and arranged a mortgage loan
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...
for $3,000.
The APCA Educational Committee voted to organize a separate corporation to administer the new school, with the proviso that it would be dependent upon the APCA. PCI was incorporated
Incorporation (business)
Incorporation is the forming of a new corporation . The corporation may be a business, a non-profit organisation, sports club, or a government of a new city or town...
ultimately in Rhode Island on 17 April 1903. Its initial incorporators were all members of the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America (APCA): Fred A. Hillery
Fred A. Hillery
Fred A. Hillery was an early leader in the American Holiness Movement; the founding president of the South Providence Holiness Association; the founding pastor of the People's Evangelical Church, the "mother church of the Church of the Nazarene in the East"; a co-founder of the Central Evangelical...
, Henry N. Brown, William H. Bache, Henry M. Randall, and Frank L. Sprague. It was established: "for the purpose of conducting a school for the education of children and youth, and for other educational, charitable, and literary purposes". Members of the Educational Committee were able to sell sufficient stock to finance the purchase and renovations.
Almost immediately after consummation of the purchase, Albrecht and another faculty member, Ernest Winslow Perry (born in 1876 in Brattleboro, Vermont
Brattleboro, Vermont
Brattleboro, originally Brattleborough, is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States, located in the southeast corner of the state, along the state line with New Hampshire. The population was 12,046 at the 2010 census...
; died 22 November 1902 in North Scituate, Rhode Island), an 1898 graduate of Boston University
Boston University
Boston University is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. With more than 4,000 faculty members and more than 31,000 students, Boston University is one of the largest private universities in the United States and one of Boston's largest employers...
, who had been a teacher in Pembroke, Massachusetts
Pembroke, Massachusetts
Pembroke is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 16,927 at the 2000 census.The southwestern section of Pembroke is also known as Bryantville...
, who had taught Greek, German, science, and mathematics at PCI in Saratoga Springs from 1901; and some of the PCI students who had relocated from Saratoga Springs (including future APCA and Nazarene missionary to India Leighton S. Tracy), worked diligently to renovate the facilities in preparation for the commencement of classes. PCI opened for its first classes on 16 September 1902. As most students and faculty refused to move from the Saratoga Springs school, the full liberal arts program was dropped. While the school at Saratoga Springs had a four-year liberal arts
Liberal arts
The term liberal arts refers to those subjects which in classical antiquity were considered essential for a free citizen to study. Grammar, Rhetoric and Logic were the core liberal arts. In medieval times these subjects were extended to include mathematics, geometry, music and astronomy...
program for its ministerial students, for several years the relocated PCI only offered elementary
Elementary school
An elementary school or primary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of compulsory education known as elementary or primary education. Elementary school is the preferred term in some countries, particularly those in North America, where the terms grade school and grammar...
and secondary education
Secondary school
Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place...
programs, and a college preparatory program.
According to Nazarene historian, M.E. Redford: "Difficulties in securing students, funds, and teachers characterized the four-year period which followed the move." One of the new recruits to the faculty was Olive May Winchester
Olive Winchester
Olive May Winchester was an American ordained minister and a pioneer biblical scholar and theologian in the Church of the Nazarene, who was the first woman ordained by any Christian denomination in Scotland, the first woman admitted into and graduated from the Bachelor of Divinity course at the...
(born 22 November 1879 in Monson, Maine
Monson, Maine
Monson is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. As of the 2000 census, the town had a population of 666. The town is located on Route 15 which is a somewhat major route north to the well known Moosehead Lake Region, to which Monson is sometimes considered a gateway...
; died 15 February 1947 at Pasadena, California
Pasadena, California
Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Although famous for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game and Tournament of Roses Parade, Pasadena is the home to many scientific and cultural institutions, including the California Institute of Technology , the Jet...
), a member of the APCA, who was a graduate of Radcliffe Ladies College
Radcliffe College
Radcliffe College was a women's liberal arts college in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was the coordinate college for Harvard University. It was also one of the Seven Sisters colleges. Radcliffe College conferred joint Harvard-Radcliffe diplomas beginning in 1963 and a formal merger agreement with...
, and also the niece of Oliver Fisher Winchester
Oliver Fisher Winchester
Oliver Fisher Winchester was an American businessman and politician.-Birth and marriage:He was the son of Samuel Winchester and Hannah Bates and was born in Boston on November 30, 1810. He married Jane Ellen Hope in Boston on February 20, 1834. Their children were:* Ann Rebecca Winchester who...
(30 November 1810 – 11 December 1880), the manufacturer and marketer of the Winchester repeating rifle. Winchester taught at PCI until 1909, at which time she went to Glasgow, Scotland to study at the divinity school of the University of Glasgow
University of Glasgow
The University of Glasgow is the fourth-oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities. Located in Glasgow, the university was founded in 1451 and is presently one of seventeen British higher education institutions ranked amongst the top 100 of the...
. Winchester traveled frequently on behalf of the college, raising money and holding services in small communities that lacked regular church services. Another faculty member at that time was Jesse B. Mowry, who was also Superintendent of Schools in Glocester, Rhode Island
Glocester, Rhode Island
Glocester is a town in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 9,746 as of the 2010 census. The villages of Chepachet and Harmony are in Glocester. Putnam Pike Glocester is a town in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 9,746 as of the 2010...
, and the Commissioner for Forestry for Rhode Island.
On Saturday afternoon, 22 November 1902, two PCI instructors, Ernest Winslow Perry, and Albert C. Brewer of Burlington, Vermont
Burlington, Vermont
Burlington is the largest city in the U.S. state of Vermont and the shire town of Chittenden County. Burlington lies south of the U.S.-Canadian border and some south of Montreal....
, and a student, Miss Elizabeth L. Moon of Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs, also known as simply Saratoga, is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 26,586 at the 2010 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area. While the word "Saratoga" is known to be a corruption of a Native American name, ...
, drowned while canoeing on nearby Moswansicut Lake
Moswansicut River
The Moswansicut River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately , including its portion within the Scituate Reservoir. There are two dams along the river's length.-Course:...
. The first class graduated from PCI in June 1903, with Miss Estella "Stella" Adelia Reynolds (born 6 January 1882), younger daughter of APCA Foreign Missionary Secretary Hiram F. Reynolds, the first graduate. After the resignation of William Howard Hoople
William Howard Hoople
William Howard Hoople was a prominent leader of the American Holiness movement; the co-founder of the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America, one of the antecedent groups that merged to create the Church of the Nazarene; rescue mission organizer; an ordained minister in the Church of the...
as APCA superintendent of home missions in 1904 over the refusal of the APCA board to assume any responsibility for some of the debt of the Saratoga Springs school, the Educational committee authorized Reynolds to act as general agent for PCI. Albrecht resigned as principal by August 1904 to establish the short-lived Hudson River Holiness Institute, an interdenominational co-educational college preparatory school
University-preparatory school
A university-preparatory school or college-preparatory school is a secondary school, usually private, designed to prepare students for a college or university education...
, in the Prospect Park Hotel at Catskill Point, Catskill, New York
Catskill (village), New York
Catskill is a village in Greene County, New York, USA. The population was 4,081 at the 2010 census.The Village of Catskill is in the northeast part of the Town of Catskill. Catskill is the county seat of Greene County.-History:...
, which he leased. By 1910 Albrecht seems to have become an inmate of the Hudson River State Hospital
Hudson River State Hospital
The Hudson River State Hospital, is a former New York state psychiatric hospital whose main building has been designated a National Historic Landmark due to its exemplary High Victorian Gothic architecture, the first use of that style for an American institutional building., It is located on US 9...
, a state psychiatric hospital
Psychiatric hospital
Psychiatric hospitals, also known as mental hospitals, are hospitals specializing in the treatment of serious mental disorders. Psychiatric hospitals vary widely in their size and grading. Some hospitals may specialise only in short-term or outpatient therapy for low-risk patients...
then operating at Poughkeepsie, New York.
D.C. Thatcher (1904)
Rev. David C. Thatcher (born in July 1858, probably in Rochester, VermontRochester, Vermont
Rochester is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,171 at the 2000 census. Rochester is home to the Quarry Hill Creative Center...
), a Methodist clergyman of the Vermont Conference, who had been the third principal of the Saratoga Springs school during its last months of operation, was appointed interim principal of PCI for the fall term of 1904.
W.H. Daniels (1905)
Rev. William Haven Daniels, A.M.Master of Arts (postgraduate)
A Master of Arts from the Latin Magister Artium, is a type of Master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The M.A. is usually contrasted with the M.S. or M.Sc. degrees...
(born 18 May 1836 in Franklin, Massachusetts
Franklin, Massachusetts
The Town of Franklin is a city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 31,635 at the 2010 census.-History:Franklin was first settled by Europeans in 1660 and was officially incorporated during the American Revolution. The town was formed from the western part of the town...
; died in Markazi Province
Markazi Province
Markazi Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. The word markazi means central in Persian. Markazi lies in western Iran. Its capital is Arak. Its population is estimated at 1.35 million...
, Persia about 1908), who was a ordained Methodist evangelist, who had served for about twelve years as a missionary in India, and a prolific author, served as interim principal at PCI during 1905.
Walter C. Kinsey (1905-1906)
From 1905 Rev. Walter C. Kinsey (born November 1861 in ConnecticutConnecticut
Connecticut is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south .Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately...
), a Methodist clergyman, was principal of PCI.
E.E. Angell (1906-1913)
Rev. Ernest E. Angell (born 17 October 1875 in Angellville, New YorkMooers (town), New York
Mooers is a town in Clinton County, New York, United States. The population was 3,592 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Benjamin Mooers, an early settler....
; died 12 May 1939 in Garden Valley, Idaho
Garden Valley, Idaho
Garden Valley is an unincorporated census-designated place in Boise County, Idaho, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 394. The mountain setting and recreation opportunities attract visitors from the Boise area. The life here in early American history, however, was harsh. ...
, a former Congregationalist pastor who had testified to the experience of entire sanctification since 1901, became the principal of PCI in 1906. By 1907 the enrollment had increased to eighty-four, overcoming the decrease in students caused by the change of location. In a report published in 1907, Angell indicated that the staff "teach and work for meager salaries in order that they may assist in providing sanctified education."
After the union of the APCA and the Church of the Nazarene at Chicago in October 1907 to form the Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene, PCI was endorsed by the new denomination but received no additional financial support, as within a year there were three other Nazarene institutions of higher education also needing financial assistance. Angell and his successors struggled to raise the necessary funds to finance PCI. In order to help needy students pay their way, in 1908 Angell decided to start a separate industrial education program at PCI under the name of the Pentecostal Trade Schools, which was incorporated as a separate corporation in Rhode Island in 1911. By 1910 PCI had purchased machinery to make brooms, sew, and print, and thus enabled its students to earn their tuition and board. In order to attract more students, PCI soon started commercial and stenographic courses. On 12 July 1911 PCI faculty member Bertha Munro (born 19 February 1887 in Saugus, Massachusetts
Saugus, Massachusetts
Saugus is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Greater Boston area. The population was 26,628 at the 2010 census.-History:Saugus was first settled in 1629. Saugus is an Indian name believed to mean "great" or "extended"...
; died 23 January 1983 at Quincy, Massachusetts
Quincy, Massachusetts
Quincy is a city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Its nicknames are "City of Presidents", "City of Legends", and "Birthplace of the American Dream". As a major part of Metropolitan Boston, Quincy is a member of Boston's Inner Core Committee for the Metropolitan Area Planning Council...
), who was en route from a wedding in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
to her brother Joseph's funeral at Cliftondale, Massachusetts, survived the crash of the Federal Express train on the New Haven Railroad near Bridgeport, Connecticut
Bridgeport, Connecticut
Bridgeport is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. Located in Fairfield County, the city had an estimated population of 144,229 at the 2010 United States Census and is the core of the Greater Bridgeport area...
, which killed twelve other passengers, with a broken right arm.
In 1913 Angell resigned as principal due to severe ill health caused by the weight of the challenges of PCI. but returned as a faculty member at ENC in 1922, where he served as dean of the theology department and pastor of the college church until 1936.
Martha Curry (1913-1914)
Rev. Martha "Mattie" Eva Curry (born 16 June 1867 at Chelsea, MassachusettsChelsea, Massachusetts
Chelsea is a city in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States directly across the Mystic River from the city of Boston. It is the smallest city in Massachusetts in land area, and the 26th most densely populated incorporated place in the country.-History:...
; died 16 December 1948 at Lowell, Massachusetts
Lowell, Massachusetts
Lowell is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, USA. According to the 2010 census, the city's population was 106,519. It is the fourth largest city in the state. Lowell and Cambridge are the county seats of Middlesex County...
), who was a supporter of PCI since its days in Saratoga Springs, and had helped Winchester hold services and raise funds for PCI, and was a nationally-known evangelist
Evangelism
Evangelism refers to the practice of relaying information about a particular set of beliefs to others who do not hold those beliefs. The term is often used in reference to Christianity....
for the Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene, served as interim principal of PCI for the 1913-1914 school year. Curry indicates that "[O]ur School in North Scituate, R.I. got into severe trouble due to a break down in Brother Angell's health. The Director asked me to take it - and with fear and trembling I did. I started a revival and God came and every member of the School was saved or sanctified."
J.C. Bearse (1914-1916)
In 1914 Rev. Joseph Caldwell Bearse (born 4 October 1869 in South Chatham, Massachusetts; died 2 July 1931 in South Portland, MaineSouth Portland, Maine
South Portland is a city in Cumberland County, Maine, United States, and is the fourth-largest city in the state. Founded in 1895, as of the 2010 census, the city population was 25,002. Known for its working waterfront, South Portland is situated on Portland Harbor and overlooks the skyline of...
), then associate pastor of the John Wesley Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene in Brooklyn, became the new principal of PCI, with Angell remaining as part of the faculty. Bearse laid the foundations for the eventual addition of a four-year liberal arts program at PCI, by recruiting well-qualified faculty members. Bearse himself had attended Brown
Brown University
Brown University is a private, Ivy League university located in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1764 prior to American independence from the British Empire as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations early in the reign of King George III ,...
and Boston
Boston University
Boston University is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. With more than 4,000 faculty members and more than 31,000 students, Boston University is one of the largest private universities in the United States and one of Boston's largest employers...
Universities. In 1914 Olive Winchester
Olive Winchester
Olive May Winchester was an American ordained minister and a pioneer biblical scholar and theologian in the Church of the Nazarene, who was the first woman ordained by any Christian denomination in Scotland, the first woman admitted into and graduated from the Bachelor of Divinity course at the...
, the first woman to graduate with a Bachelor of Divinity
Bachelor of Divinity
In Western universities, a Bachelor of Divinity is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course taken in the study of divinity or related disciplines, such as theology or, rarely, religious studies....
degree from Glasgow University, and the first woman ordained by any Christian denomination in Scotland, returned to PCI to be the head of the Theology department, and was appointed vice-principal. Bertha Munro, who was head of the academy
Academy
An academy is an institution of higher learning, research, or honorary membership.The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece. In the western world academia is the...
, was an honor graduate of Brown University, and soon to commence her graduate studies at Radcliffe College
Radcliffe College
Radcliffe College was a women's liberal arts college in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was the coordinate college for Harvard University. It was also one of the Seven Sisters colleges. Radcliffe College conferred joint Harvard-Radcliffe diplomas beginning in 1963 and a formal merger agreement with...
; while Stephen S. White (born 25 January 1890 in Walnut Springs, Texas
Walnut Springs, Texas
Walnut Springs is a city located in Bosque County in Central Texas. The population was 755 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Walnut Springs is located at ....
; died 21 March 1971 at Kankakee, Illinois
Kankakee, Illinois
Kankakee is a city in Kankakee County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 25,561, and 26,840 as of a 2009 estimate. It is the county seat of Kankakee County...
) was attending graduate classes at Brown. Despite the improvement in the qualifications of the faculty, PCI continued to struggle financially. Bearse wrote: "If we only could have fires to keep us warm, and food to eat that was paid for, it would seem almost like heaven. . . . The struggle to meet our bills is a real test of blood and nerve." Duriing 1916 a sixteen-year old male student died after eating candy purchased from a local drug store that contained poison.
A.R. Archibald (1916-1917)
Dr. Albert R. Archibald, S.T.D. (born 30 March 1855 at Truro, Nova ScotiaTruro, Nova Scotia
-Education:Truro has one high school, Cobequid Educational Centre. Post-secondary options include a campus of the Nova Scotia Community College, as well as the Nova Scotia Agricultural College in the neighboring town of Bible Hill.- Sports :...
, Canada), an ordained Methodist clergyman, who was a graduate of Boston University
Boston University
Boston University is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. With more than 4,000 faculty members and more than 31,000 students, Boston University is one of the largest private universities in the United States and one of Boston's largest employers...
; and had been a missionary under the Methodist Episcopal Church Missionary Society, and served the acting principal at the Salt Lake Seminary in Utah from about 1888; a professor at Taylor University
Taylor University
Taylor University is a private, interdenominational, evangelical Christian college located in Upland, Indiana. Founded in 1846, it is one of the oldest evangelical Christian colleges in America....
since 1904, and acting president for ten months from June 1907; and had been a professor at PCI from at least 1912, served as interim principal for the 1916-1917 academic year. Winchester resigned in 1916 to continue her studies at Berkeley, California
Berkeley, California
Berkeley is a city on the east shore of the San Francisco Bay in Northern California, United States. Its neighbors to the south are the cities of Oakland and Emeryville. To the north is the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington...
at the Pacific School of Religion.
J.E.L. Moore (1917-1919)
PCI's ongoing financial challenges continued to be an impediment to its ability to offer a four-year liberal arts program. An estimated $50,000 was needed to erase the debt and equip PCI for college work. In 1917 Rev. John Edgar Littleton Moore (born 5 September 1883 at Lewisport, KentuckyLewisport, Kentucky
Lewisport is a city in Hancock County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 1639 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Owensboro, Kentucky Metropolitan Statistical Area.Founded in 1839, Lewisport is named for an early settler....
; died 26 January 1935 in Indianapolis, Indiana
Indianapolis, Indiana
Indianapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population is 839,489. It is by far Indiana's largest city and, as of the 2010 U.S...
), then principal of the Central Nazarene University in Hamlin, Texas
Hamlin, Texas
Hamlin is a city in Fisher and Jones Counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 2,248 at the 2000 census.The Jones County portion of Hamlin is part of the Abilene, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area.-History:...
, accepted the invitation to be the principal of PCI and the challenge of ameliorating the college's debt Moore was successful in raising the required funds before December 1918. While principal at PCI, Moore did graduate work for a master's degree at Boston University. In 1918 the Board of Trustees voted to make Moore president of the college, commence the full four-year college course, and to change the institution's name to Eastern Nazarene College
Eastern Nazarene College
The Eastern Nazarene College is a private, coeducational college of the liberal arts and sciences in Quincy, Massachusetts near Boston, in the New England region of the United States. Known for its strong religious affiliation, distinctive liberal arts core curriculum, and excellence in science...
. In 1918 the Board of Trustees voted to relocate the college to its present location in Wollaston, Massachusetts, In 1919 Moore resigned to become president of Olivet Nazarene University
Olivet Nazarene University
Olivet Nazarene University is a Christian institution of higher education located in the Kankakee, Illinois village of Bourbonnais. Named for Olivet, Illinois, ONU was originally established as a grammar school in east-central Illinois in 1907...
then located at Olivet, Illinois
Olivet, Illinois
Olivet is a census-designated place in Elwood Township, Vermilion County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 428.-External links:*...
.
Fred J. Shields (1919)
In 1919 the Board of Trustees voted to elect Fred J. ShieldsFred J. Shields
Frederick James Shields was a minister, educator, and president of the Eastern Nazarene College.-Education:Shields earned his bachelor's degree from the Nazarene University in 1915 and master's degrees from the University of Southern California and Harvard University...
(born 26 March 1880 at Mentor, Ohio
Mentor, Ohio
As of the census of 2000, there were 50,278 people, 18,797 households, and 14,229 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,878.2 people per square mile . There were 19,301 housing units at an average density of 721.0 per square mile...
; died 21 December 1953 at Pasadena, California
Pasadena, California
Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Although famous for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game and Tournament of Roses Parade, Pasadena is the home to many scientific and cultural institutions, including the California Institute of Technology , the Jet...
, a graduate of Pasadena University, as president.
Watchman Industrial School and Camp (1923–1974)
In 1920, the campus was sold to Rev. William S. Holland (born October 1866 in Virginia; died 1958 in Rhode Island), the son of a former Virginia slave, who had founded the Watchman Industrial SchoolWatchman Institute
The Watchman Industrial School and Camp, known to some as the Watchman Institute, was founded 1908 by Reverend William S. Holland in Providence, Rhode Island. It moved to North Scituate in 1923 and closed in 1938, although Holland's summer camp operated there until 1974.- Providence :William S...
in Providence in 1908, who operated his industrial school at on the former PCI campus from 1923 until its bankruptcy in 1938, and then a summer camp until 1974.
Over the years, the buildings became ill-kept and in disrepair, after a series of fires believed to have been deliberately lit by the local Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as the Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically...
in the 1920s and 1930s. In the 1970s, an effort to repair and restore the structure was successful, and they were listed on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
in 1978.
Scituate Commons (1983 to current)
Since 1983 the building has been home to Scituate Commons, an apartment complex. While the interior has been altered significantly, the exterior remains true to the original design. In 1985 the site was identified as a black historic site in Rhode Island.Further reading
- Angell, E.E. "The Pentecostal Collegiate Institute". The Nazarene Messenger 12 (1907).
- Cameron, James R. Eastern Nazarene College: The First Fifty Years, 1900-1950. Kansas City, MO: Nazarene Publishing House, 1968.
- Chapman, J.B. A History of the Church of the Nazarene. Kansas City, MO: Nazarene, 1926.
- Cunningham, Floyd T., ed. Our Watchword and Song: The Centennial History of the Church of the Nazarene. Beacon Hill Press of Kansas City, 2009. ISBN 0-8341-2444-0\
- Ingersol, Stan. "Why These Schools? Historical Perspectives on Nazarene Higher Education". http://media.premierstudios.com/nazarene/docs/Why%20These%20Schools%20%20Historical%20Perspectives%20on%20Nazarene%20Higher%20Education.pdf
- Leonard, William Ellery. The Locomotive-God. 2nd ed. The Century co., 1927.
- Parker, J. Fred. Mission to the World: A History of Missions in the Church of the Nazarene Through 1985. Kansas City, MO: Nazarene Publishing House, 1988.
- Price, J. Matthew. "Liberal Arts and the Priorities of Nazarene Higher Education". Didache: Faithful Teaching 2:1 (June 2002). http://www.nazarene.org/files/docs/didache_2_1_Price.pdf
- Purkiser, Westlake T. Called Unto Holiness. Vol. 2: The Second Twenty-Five Years, 1933-1958. Kansas City, MO: Nazarene, 1983. http://wesley.nnu.edu/wesleyctr/books/2601-2700/HDM2623.PDF
- Redford, M.E. The Rise of the Church of the Nazarene. 3rd ed. Kansas City, MO: Beacon Hill Press of Kansas City, 1974.http://wesley.nnu.edu/wesleyctr/books/0101-0200/HDM0145.PDF
- Scituate, Rhode Island. Arcadia Publishing, 1998.
- Smith, Timothy L. Called Unto Holiness: Volume One: The Story of the Nazarenes: The Formative Years. Nazarene Publishing House, 1962. http://wesley.nnu.edu/wesleyctr/books/2501-2600/HDM2593.PDF
- Tracy, Olive Gertrude. Tracy Sahib of India. Kansas City, MO: Nazarene Publishing House, 1954, 1990.