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Open pollination is pollination
Pollination

Pollination in flowering plants and gymnosperms is the process that transfers pollen, which contain the male gametes to where the female gamete are contained within the carpel; in gymnosperms the pollen is directly applied to the ovule itself....
 by insects
Insect

Insects are the biggest class of arthropods and the only ones with wings. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet. They are most diverse at the equator and their diversity declines toward the poles....
, birds
Bird

Birds are wing, Bipedalismal, endothermic , vertebrate animals that lay egg . There are around 10,000 living species, making them the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates....
, wind
WIND

The Global Geospace Science WIND satellite is a NASA science spacecraft launched at 04:31:00 EST on November 1, 1994 from launch pad 17B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Merritt_Island%2C_Florida, Florida aboard a McDonnell Douglas Delta II 7925-10 rocket....
, or other natural
Nature

File:Jungle in Punjab.JPGNature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world or material universe....
 mechanisms. The seed
Seed

A seed is a small Plant embryogenesis plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some Food storage. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant....
s of open-pollinated plant
Plant

Plants are Life organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae....
s will produce new generation
Generation

Generation , also known as reproduction, is the act of producing offspring. In a more generic sense, it can also refer to the act of creating something inanimate such as electricity generation or cryptography code generation....
s of those plants; however, because breeding is uncontrolled and the pollen (male parent) source is unknown, open pollination results in plants that vary widely in genetic
Genetics

Genetics , a discipline of biology, is the science of heredity and Genetic variation in living organisms. The fact that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding....
 traits.

Open pollination increases biodiversity
Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or for the entire Earth. Biodiversity is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems....
 but results in some plants less suitable for their environment or intended human use.






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Encyclopedia


Open pollination is pollination
Pollination

Pollination in flowering plants and gymnosperms is the process that transfers pollen, which contain the male gametes to where the female gamete are contained within the carpel; in gymnosperms the pollen is directly applied to the ovule itself....
 by insects
Insect

Insects are the biggest class of arthropods and the only ones with wings. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet. They are most diverse at the equator and their diversity declines toward the poles....
, birds
Bird

Birds are wing, Bipedalismal, endothermic , vertebrate animals that lay egg . There are around 10,000 living species, making them the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates....
, wind
WIND

The Global Geospace Science WIND satellite is a NASA science spacecraft launched at 04:31:00 EST on November 1, 1994 from launch pad 17B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Merritt_Island%2C_Florida, Florida aboard a McDonnell Douglas Delta II 7925-10 rocket....
, or other natural
Nature

File:Jungle in Punjab.JPGNature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world or material universe....
 mechanisms. The seed
Seed

A seed is a small Plant embryogenesis plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some Food storage. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant....
s of open-pollinated plant
Plant

Plants are Life organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae....
s will produce new generation
Generation

Generation , also known as reproduction, is the act of producing offspring. In a more generic sense, it can also refer to the act of creating something inanimate such as electricity generation or cryptography code generation....
s of those plants; however, because breeding is uncontrolled and the pollen (male parent) source is unknown, open pollination results in plants that vary widely in genetic
Genetics

Genetics , a discipline of biology, is the science of heredity and Genetic variation in living organisms. The fact that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding....
 traits.

Open pollination increases biodiversity
Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or for the entire Earth. Biodiversity is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems....
 but results in some plants less suitable for their environment or intended human use. This is in contrast with hand pollination, which is controlled so that all seeds of a crop carry the same traits. Another type, hybrid pollination, increases suitability, especially through heterosis
Heterosis

Heterosis is a term used in genetics and selective breeding. The term heterosis, also known as hybrid vigour or outbreeding enhancement, describes the increased strength of different characteristics in Hybrid ; the possibility to obtain a genetically superior individual by combining the virtues of its parents....
, but decreases biodiversity. Some hybrid strains are inbred
Inbreeding

Inbreeding is biological reproduction between close Kinships, whether plant or animal. If practiced repeatedly, it leads to an increase in homozygosity of a population....
 and selected for desired traits until a strain that breeds true by open pollination can be developed.

One of the bigger challenges in maintaining a strain by open pollination is avoiding introduction of pollination by other strains. Based on how broadly the pollen for the plant tends to disperse
Biological dispersal

Biological dispersal refers to a species movement away from an existing population or away from the parent organism. Through simply moving from one habitat patch to another, the dispersal of an individual has consequences not only for individual fitness, but also for population dynamics, population genetics, and species distribution....
, it can be controlled to varying degrees by greenhouse
Greenhouse

A greenhouse is a building where plants are cultivated.A greenhouse is a structure with a glass or plastic roof and frequently glass or plastic walls; it heats up because incoming solar radiation from the sun warms plants, soil, and other things inside the building....
s, tall wall enclosures, or field isolation.

Popular examples of plants produced by open pollination include the heirloom tomato
Heirloom tomato

An heirloom tomato is an heirloom plant, an Open pollination cultivar of tomato. Heirloom tomatoes have become increasingly popular and more readily available in recent years....
.