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Nikolay Chkheidze

 
Nikolay Chkheidze

 
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Nikolay Chkheidze
 
 
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Nikoloz Chkheidze (; transliterated
Transliteration

Transliteration is the practice of transcribing a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system or system of rules for such practice....
 Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
: Nikolay Semyonovich Chkheidze, commonly known as Karlo Chkheidze; 1864 – June 13, 1926) was a Georgian
Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, located at the dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bordered by the Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia to the south, and Turkey to the southwest....
 Menshevik
Menshevik

The Mensheviks were a faction of the Russian revolutionary movement that emerged in 1903 after a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, both members of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party....
 politician who helped to introduce Marxism
Marxism

Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxism holds at its core a Marxist analysis of Critique of capitalism and a theory of social change....
 to Georgia in the 1890s and played a prominent role in the Russian and Georgian
Democratic Republic of Georgia

The Democratic Republic of Georgia , 1918?1921, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia .The DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917....
 revolutions of 1917 and 1918.

Chkheidze was born into an aristocratic family in Puti, a village in the Imereti
Imereti

Imereti Province is a province in Georgia situated along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni river. It consists of the following Georgian administrative-territorial units:...
 province of Georgia
Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, located at the dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bordered by the Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia to the south, and Turkey to the southwest....
.






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Nikolay ('karlo') Chkheidze (1864 1926), Georgian Menshevik Politician (small)
Nikoloz Chkheidze (; transliterated
Transliteration

Transliteration is the practice of transcribing a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system or system of rules for such practice....
 Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
: Nikolay Semyonovich Chkheidze, commonly known as Karlo Chkheidze; 1864 – June 13, 1926) was a Georgian
Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, located at the dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bordered by the Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia to the south, and Turkey to the southwest....
 Menshevik
Menshevik

The Mensheviks were a faction of the Russian revolutionary movement that emerged in 1903 after a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, both members of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party....
 politician who helped to introduce Marxism
Marxism

Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxism holds at its core a Marxist analysis of Critique of capitalism and a theory of social change....
 to Georgia in the 1890s and played a prominent role in the Russian and Georgian
Democratic Republic of Georgia

The Democratic Republic of Georgia , 1918?1921, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia .The DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917....
 revolutions of 1917 and 1918.

Chkheidze was born into an aristocratic family in Puti, a village in the Imereti
Imereti

Imereti Province is a province in Georgia situated along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni river. It consists of the following Georgian administrative-territorial units:...
 province of Georgia
Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, located at the dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bordered by the Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia to the south, and Turkey to the southwest....
. With his brother Kalenike Chkheidze, he became in 1892 one of the founders of the first Georgian Social-Democratic group, Mesame Dasi (translated literally, the "Third Team"). From 1907 to 1916, he was the member for Tiflis Gubernyia
Tbilisi

Tbilisi , is the capital city and the largest city of Georgia , lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form Tpilisi and it was officially known as ?????? in Russian, until 1936....
 in the Russian State Duma
State Duma

The State Duma in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia....
 and gained popularity as a spokesman for the Menshevik
Menshevik

The Mensheviks were a faction of the Russian revolutionary movement that emerged in 1903 after a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, both members of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party....
 faction within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

The Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, or RSDLP , also known as the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party and the Russian Social-Democratic Party, was a revolutionary socialist Russian political party formed in 1898 in Minsk to unite the various revolutionary organizations into one party....
.

In 1917, the year of the Russian Revolution
Russian Revolution of 1917

The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union....
, Chkheidze became Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet
Petrograd Soviet

The Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, usually called the Petrograd Soviet, was the Soviet in Saint Petersburg , Russia established in March 1917 after the February Revolution as the representative body of the city's workers....
, but failed in his attempt to prevent the rise of a more radical Bolshevism. Although he refused a post in the Russian Provisional Government
Russian Provisional Government

The Russian Provisional government Government was formed in Saint Petersburg in 1917 after the February Revolution and the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia....
, he supported its policies and advocated the idea of the "revolutionary oboronchestvo".

When in October 1917 the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia, Chkheidze was on holiday, visiting his native Georgia. Remaining in Georgia, he became leader of the Transcaucasian Sejm on February 23 1918 and in May was elected a Chairman of the Constituent Assembly
Constituent Assembly of Georgia

The Constituent Assembly of Georgia was a national legislature of the Democratic Republic of Georgia which was elected in February 1919 to ratify the Act of Independence of Georgia and enact the Constitution of Georgia of 1921....
 of the newly-proclaimed Democratic Republic of Georgia
Democratic Republic of Georgia

The Democratic Republic of Georgia , 1918?1921, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia .The DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917....
. As its representative during the 1919 Versailles Conference, he tried to gain the Entente
Triple Entente

File:Map Europe alliances 1914-en.svgThe Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment of the British Empire, French Third Republic, and Russian Empire after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907....
's support for the new Georgian Republic, but was unsuccessful.

Chkheidze was one of the authors of the Republic's first constitution in early 1921, but, like others, he was forced into exile when the Bolsheviks took control of the country
Red Army invasion of Georgia

The Red Army invasion of Georgia also known as the Soviet-Georgian War was a military campaign by the Russian SFSR Red Army against the Democratic Republic of Georgia aimed at overthrowing the local Georgian Social Democratic Party government and installing the Bolshevik regime in the country....
 in March. He escaped to France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, where he lived until committing suicide on June 13, 1926.

See also

  • Democratic Republic of Georgia
    Democratic Republic of Georgia

    The Democratic Republic of Georgia , 1918?1921, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia .The DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917....


External links

  • on the online Encyclopaedia Britannica.