Newark, Ohio
Encyclopedia
In addition, the remains of a road leading south from the Octagon have been documented and explored. It was first surveyed in the 19th century, when its walls were more apparent. Called the Great Hopewell Road
Great Hopewell Road
The Great Hopewell Road is thought to connect the Hopewell culture monumental earthwork centers located at Newark and Chillicothe, a distance of through the heart of Ohio, USA...

, it may extend 60 miles (96.6 km) to the Hopewell complex at Chillicothe, Ohio
Chillicothe, Ohio
Chillicothe is a city in and the county seat of Ross County, Ohio, United States.Chillicothe was the first and third capital of Ohio and is located in southern Ohio along the Scioto River. The name comes from the Shawnee name Chalahgawtha, meaning "principal town", as it was a major settlement of...

. It was surveyed at least six miles (10 km) south of the Octagon, and can be seen on photographs and with LiDAR
LIDAR
LIDAR is an optical remote sensing technology that can measure the distance to, or other properties of a target by illuminating the target with light, often using pulses from a laser...

 (Light Detection and Ranging) sensing technology south of that.

Contemporary archaeogeodesy
Geodesy
Geodesy , also named geodetics, a branch of earth sciences, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth, including its gravitational field, in a three-dimensional time-varying space. Geodesists also study geodynamical phenomena such as crustal...

 and archaeoastronomy
Archaeoastronomy
Archaeoastronomy is the study of how people in the past "have understood the phenomena in the sky how they used phenomena in the sky and what role the sky played in their cultures." Clive Ruggles argues it is misleading to consider archaeoastronomy to be the study of ancient astronomy, as modern...

 researchers have demonstrated that the Hopewell and other prehistoric
Prehistory
Prehistory is the span of time before recorded history. Prehistory can refer to the period of human existence before the availability of those written records with which recorded history begins. More broadly, it refers to all the time preceding human existence and the invention of writing...

 culture
Culture
Culture is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...

s had advanced scientific understandings which they used to create their earthworks for astronomical observations, markings and celebrations. Researchers analyzed the placements, alignments, dimensions, and site-to-site interrelationships of the Hopewell earthworks to understand what had been done. Today, the Ohio Historical Society preserves the Great Circle Earthworks in a public park near downtown Newark, called Mound Builders Park (or the Newark Earthworks
Newark Earthworks
The Newark Earthworks in Newark and Heath, Ohio, consists of three sections of preserved earthworks: the Great Circle Earthworks, the Octagon Earthworks, and the Wright Earthworks. This complex contained the largest earthen enclosures in the world, being about 3,000 acres in extent. Today, the...

) located at 99 Cooper Ave, Newark, Ohio. The area of the Octagon Earthworks had been leased to a country club, but new arrangements in 1997 provide for more public access to it.

Later American Indian
Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples in North America within the boundaries of the present-day continental United States, parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii. They are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as...

 tribes inhabiting the area at the time of European contact were distant descendants of the earlier peoples.

After exploration by traders and trappers in earlier centuries, the first European-American settlers arrived in 1802, led by Gen. William C. Schenck. He named the new village after his New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware...

 hometown. Later public improvements led to growth in the town, as it was linked to major transportation and trade networks. On July 4, 1825, Governor's Clinton
DeWitt Clinton
DeWitt Clinton was an early American politician and naturalist who served as United States Senator and the sixth Governor of New York. In this last capacity he was largely responsible for the construction of the Erie Canal...

 of New York and Morrow
Jeremiah Morrow
Jeremiah Morrow was a Democratic-Republican Party politician from Ohio. He served as the ninth Governor of Ohio, and the last Democratic-Republican to do so....

 of Ohio dug the first shovelfuls of dirt for the Ohio and Erie Canal
Ohio and Erie Canal
The Ohio Canal or Ohio and Erie Canal was a canal constructed in the 1820s and early 1830s. It connected Akron, Summit County, with the Cuyahoga River near its mouth on Lake Erie in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, and a few years later, with the Ohio River near Portsmouth, Scioto County, and then...

 project, at the Licking Summit near Newark, Ohio. On April 11, 1855, Newark became a stop along the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad
The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad, commonly called the Pan Handle Route , was a railroad forming part of the Pennsylvania Railroad system. Its common name came from its main line west from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania across the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia...

 that connected Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh is the second-largest city in the US Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Allegheny County. Regionally, it anchors the largest urban area of Appalachia and the Ohio River Valley, and nationally, it is the 22nd-largest urban area in the United States...

 to Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...

 and St. Louis
St. Louis, Missouri
St. Louis is an independent city on the eastern border of Missouri, United States. With a population of 319,294, it was the 58th-largest U.S. city at the 2010 U.S. Census. The Greater St...

. On April 16, 1857, the Central Ohio Railroad
Central Ohio Railroad
The Central Ohio Railroad was the third railroad to enter Columbus, Ohio, and the first to connect Columbus with the east coast. It eventually became a part of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.- History :...

 connected Newark west to Columbus
Columbus, Ohio
Columbus is the capital of and the largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio. The broader metropolitan area encompasses several counties and is the third largest in Ohio behind those of Cleveland and Cincinnati. Columbus is the third largest city in the American Midwest, and the fifteenth largest city...

, and later Newark maintained a station on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was one of the oldest railroads in the United States and the first common carrier railroad. It came into being mostly because the city of Baltimore wanted to compete with the newly constructed Erie Canal and another canal being proposed by Pennsylvania, which...

.

The Heisey Glass Company
Heisey Glass Company
The A.H. Heisey Company was formed in Newark, Ohio, in 1895 by A.H. Heisey. The factory provided fine quality glass tableware and decorative glass figurines...

 started in Newark in 1895. The factory operated there until the company's demise in 1957 due to changing tastes. Known for being of exceptional quality and craftsmanship, Heisey glass products continue to be highly sought after by collectors. The National Heisey Glass Museum, operated by the Heisey Collectors of America, Inc., is located on Sixth Street in Newark.

In 1909, the Arcade was opened. Modeled after innovative European buildings, it became one of Newark, Ohio's first successful retail emporiums. Later versions became known as shopping malls. At 60000 square feet (5,574.2 m²), the Arcade is one-third the size of an average Wal-Mart. The original architecture provides a beautiful setting that attracts shoppers to its businesses.

Climate


Business

Newark is the site of several major manufacturers, most of which have shut down due to the economy. The corporate headquarters of basket-maker Longaberger
The Longaberger Company
The Longaberger Company is an American manufacturer of handcrafted maple wood baskets and offers other home and lifestyle products, including pottery, wrought iron, fabric accessories and specialty foods. It is one of the primary employers in the southeastern Ohio area near Dresden, Ohio. Started...

 had their new building designed as a gigantic "medium market basket," their most popular model. Holophane
Holophane
Holophane is a part of Acuity Brands. Holophane is one of the oldest manufacturers of lighting-related products in the world; founded in 1898 in London, England. They are a UK and US manufacturer of lighting fixtures for commercial, industrial, outdoor, and emergency applications...

, founded in 1898, is one of the world's oldest manufacturers of lighting-related products. The main factory of Owens Corning
Owens Corning
Owens Corning Corporation is the world's largest manufacturer of fiberglass and related products. It was formed in 1935 as a partnership between two major American glassworks, Corning Glass Works and Owens-Illinois. The company was spun off as a separate entity on November 1, 1938...

 Fiberglass
Glass wool
Glass wool or fiberglass insulation is an insulating material made from fiberglass, arranged into a texture similar to wool. Glass wool is produced in rolls or in slabs, with different thermal and mechanical properties....

 is also located in Newark. State Farm Insurance has Regional Headquarters in Newark, Ohio. Several industrial parks house such major companies as Kaiser Aluminum, DOW Chemical, General Electric
General Electric
General Electric Company , or GE, is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in Schenectady, New York and headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut, United States...

, Bayer, THK, Harry and David, Communicolor, Diebold, Boeing
Boeing
The Boeing Company is an American multinational aerospace and defense corporation, founded in 1916 by William E. Boeing in Seattle, Washington. Boeing has expanded over the years, merging with McDonnell Douglas in 1997. Boeing Corporate headquarters has been in Chicago, Illinois since 2001...

, Anomatic, International Paper and Tamarack Farms Dairy. The Park National Bank Corporation is headquartered in downtown Newark.

The main shopping center in the area is the Indian Mound Mall
Indian Mound Mall
Indian Mound Mall is a shopping center located in Heath, Ohio. It opened in 1986. Its current anchors are Elder-Beerman, J. C. Penney, and Sears.-History:...

 (located in nearby Heath
Heath, Ohio
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,527 people, 3,403 households, and 2,375 families residing in the city. The population density was 816.6 people per square mile . There were 3,593 housing units at an average density of 344.1 per square mile...

). The mall is named after the world-famous Indian earthworks
Newark Earthworks
The Newark Earthworks in Newark and Heath, Ohio, consists of three sections of preserved earthworks: the Great Circle Earthworks, the Octagon Earthworks, and the Wright Earthworks. This complex contained the largest earthen enclosures in the world, being about 3,000 acres in extent. Today, the...

 built 2,000 years ago by the Hopewell Indians
Hopewell culture
The Hopewell tradition is the term used to describe common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern United States from 200 BCE to 500 CE. The Hopewell tradition was not a single culture or society, but a widely dispersed set of related...

 of central Ohio. Both earthworks are located less than a mile away from the shopping mall named for them.

Education

Newark City School District serves the city of Newark. Newark High School consists of nearly 1800 students and competes at the OHSAA D1 level. Newark High School has a storied tradition in Academics and Sports, as well as Performing Arts. Newark High School has won 4 OHSAA Basketball titles (36', 38', 43', 08') and 3 AP Football titles. The Pride of Newark Marching Band has made an unprecedented 32 consecutive years to the OMEA state finals and the Newark High School Symphony just finished runner-Up in the National Orchestra Cup in New York City. Their Concert Choir recently sang in Italy and was sponsored by Disney. Under the direction of Kimberly & Michael Wigglesworth, the choir has qualified for OMEA Choir state Finals for the past 15 years. A branch campus of Ohio State University
Ohio State University
The Ohio State University, commonly referred to as Ohio State, is a public research university located in Columbus, Ohio. It was originally founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and is currently the third largest university campus in the United States...

 is also located in the city. The Ohio State University, Newark Campus
Ohio State University, Newark Campus
The Ohio State University at Newark campus in Licking County, Ohio is a coeducational public university founded in 1957 as the first OSU regional campus. During its early years, classes were held at an old Newark High School...

, founded in 1957, schools just over 2,000 students, primarily serving as a bridge to the main campus in Columbus
Columbus, Ohio
Columbus is the capital of and the largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio. The broader metropolitan area encompasses several counties and is the third largest in Ohio behind those of Cleveland and Cincinnati. Columbus is the third largest city in the American Midwest, and the fifteenth largest city...

. The campus also shares its establishment with a two-year technical college, COTC (Central Ohio Technical College
Central Ohio Technical College
Central Ohio Technical College is a public two-year technical college located in Newark, Ohio, with extended campuses in Pataskala, Knox, and Coshocton...

). Newark is also home to a number of private religious schools, most notably Newark Catholic High School
Newark Catholic High School
Newark Catholic High School is a private, Catholic co-educational high school located in Newark, Ohio in Licking County. It is operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus.-Mission statement:...

.

Religion

Newark is a predominantly Christian community renowned for its many historic churches, most being in the downtown area. Some historic and influential churches include:
  • St. Francis de Sales Roman Catholic Church
  • First Presbyterian Church
  • Second Presbyterian Church
  • St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church
  • First Methodist Church (Originally First Methodist Episcopal Church)
  • Christ United Methodist Church (Originally East Main Methodist Church)
  • Faith United Methodist Church
  • Neil Avenue United Methodist Church
  • Trinity Episcopal Church
  • First Baptist Church
  • St. John's United Church of Christ
  • Plymouth Church

Cemeteries

  • Cedar Hill Cemetery
  • Newark Memorial Gardens
  • Wilson Cemetery
  • Spring Grove Cemetery
  • Smith Chapel Church
  • Mount Calvary Cemetery

Notable natives

  • Gary A. Braunbeck
    Gary A. Braunbeck
    Gary A. Braunbeck is an American science fiction, fantasy, mystery and horror author.-Biography:Braunbeck was born in Newark, Ohio . He writes in a number of different genres, but principally horror...

    , award-winning author, sets much of his fiction in the town of Cedar Hill, Ohio, a fictionalized version of Newark.
  • Johnny Clem (AKA "Johnny Shiloh"), the youngest-known soldier in the U.S. Army
  • Mike Collins, NFL pro with the Detroit Lions and St Louis Rams
  • Virgil Effinger
    Virgil Effinger
    Virgil H. "Bert" Effinger was a renegade member of the Ku Klux Klan who became the leader of the Black Legion in the United States. He advocated a fascist revolution in the US with himself as dictator.-Early life:...

    , leader of the Black Legion
    Black Legion (political movement)
    The Black Legion was an organization that splintered from the Ku Klux Klan and operated in the United States in the 1930s. The organization was founded by William Shepard in east central Ohio...

  • Woody English
    Woody English
    Elwood George "Woody" English was an American shortstop who played in Major League Baseball for twelve seasons with the Chicago Cubs and the Brooklyn Dodgers.- Early life :...

    , MLB player that played for the Chicago Cubs
  • Jon Hendricks
    Jon Hendricks
    Jon Hendricks is an American jazz lyricist and singer. He is considered one of the originators of vocalese, which adds lyrics to existing instrumental songs and replaces many instruments with vocalists...

    , jazz singer
  • Derek Holland
    Derek Holland
    Derek Holland is a figure on the European far-right noted for his Catholic Integralism.Holland was brought up in Huntingdon and was already trying to recruit new members to the National Front while a student at Cambridgeshire College of Art and Technology...

    , MLB starting pitcher for the Texas Rangers
  • Rob Kelly
    Rob Kelly (American football)
    Robert James Kelly III is a former professional American football player who played safety for four seasons for the New Orleans Saints in the National Football League....

    , 5-year NFL pro with the New Orleans Saints and New England Patriots
  • Andy Merrill
    Andy Merrill
    Andy Merrill is a television writer, producer, and voice actor best known for his comedy voice portrayal of the character Brak on Space Ghost: Coast To Coast and Cartoon Planet and other related productions from Cartoon Network utilizing characters from the Space Ghost series...

    , the voice of Brak
    Brak (character)
    Brak is a supervillain on the 1966 Hanna-Barbera cartoon Space Ghost, portrayed as a catlike alien space pirate trying to conquer the galaxy...

     (the main character in The Brak Show
    The Brak Show
    The Brak Show is an animated television series that aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. The Brak Show is a spin-off of the animated television series, Space Ghost Coast to Coast, and featured recurring characters from Space Ghost Coast to Coast and Cartoon Planet...

     and Cartoon Planet
    Cartoon Planet
    Cartoon Planet is an animated variety show that premiered in 1995 on Superstation TBS, and ran afterward from 1996 to 1997 on Cartoon Network....

     on Cartoon Network
    Cartoon Network (United States)
    Cartoon Network is an American cable television network owned by Turner Broadcasting which primarily airs animated programming. The channel was launched on October 1, 1992 after Turner purchased the animation studio Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1991...

    ).
  • Jerrie Mock
    Jerrie Mock
    Geraldine "Jerrie" Fredritz Mock was the first woman to fly solo around the world. The trip ended April 17, 1964 and took 29 days, 21 stopovers and almost 22,860 miles...

    , first woman to fly solo around the world
  • Wayne Newton
    Wayne Newton
    Wayne Newton is an American singer and entertainer based in Las Vegas, Nevada. He performed over 30,000 solo shows in Las Vegas over a period of over 40 years, earning him the nicknames The Midnight Idol, Mr. Las Vegas and Mr. Entertainment...

    , Las Vegas Strip
    Las Vegas Strip
    The Las Vegas Strip is an approximately stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County, Nevada; adjacent to, but outside the city limits of Las Vegas proper. The Strip lies within the unincorporated townships of Paradise and Winchester...

     entertainer
  • Edward James Roye
    Edward James Roye
    Edward James Roye served as the fifth President of Liberia from 1870 to his overthrow and subsequent violent death in 1871. He had previously served as the 4th Chief Justice of Liberia from 1865 until 1868...

    , President of Liberia from 1870–1871
  • Fred Schaus
    Fred Schaus
    Frederick Appleton Schaus was an American basketball player, head coach and athletic director for the West Virginia University Mountaineers, player for the NBA's Fort Wayne Pistons and New York Knicks, general manager and head coach for the Los Angeles Lakers, head coach of Purdue University...

    , Hall of Fame Head Coach of the Los Angeles Lakers, Purdue University Boilermakers, West Virginia University Mountaineers
  • William Stanbery
    William Stanbery
    William Stanbery was a U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1827 to 1833.Born in Essex County, New Jersey, Stanbery received an academic education and studied law in New York City. He was admitted to the bar and moved to Newark, Ohio in 1809 where he started a law practice. He was elected to the...

    , U.S. Congressman
  • Jim Tyrer
    Jim Tyrer
    James Efflo Tyrer was an American football offensive tackle in the American Football League for the Dallas Texans/Kansas City Chiefs...

    , professional football
    American football
    American football is a sport played between two teams of eleven with the objective of scoring points by advancing the ball into the opposing team's end zone. Known in the United States simply as football, it may also be referred to informally as gridiron football. The ball can be advanced by...

     player for the Kansas City Chiefs
    Kansas City Chiefs
    The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City, Missouri. They are a member of the Western Division of the American Football Conference in the National Football League . Originally named the Dallas Texans, the club was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1960 as a...

     and the Washington Redskins
    Washington Redskins
    The Washington Redskins are a professional American football team and members of the East Division of the National Football Conference in the National Football League . The team plays at FedExField in Landover, Maryland, while its headquarters and training facility are at Redskin Park in Ashburn,...

    .
  • Jeff Uhlenhake
    Jeff Uhlenhake
    Jeffrey Alan Uhlenhake is a former American football center in the National Football League for the Miami Dolphins, New Orleans Saints, and the Washington Redskins, and started 112 out of 119 games....

    , 12-year NFL pro with the Miami Dolphins, Washington Redskins and New Orleans Saints
  • Clarence Hudson White
    Clarence Hudson White
    Clarence Hudson White was an American photographer, teacher and a founding member of the Photo-Secession movement. He grew up in small towns in Ohio, where his primary influences were his family and the social life of rural America. After visiting the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in...

    , early photographer, member of the modernist "Photo Secessionist" group.
  • Michael Z. Williamson
    Michael Z. Williamson
    Michael Z. Williamson is a science fiction and military fiction author. Born in Birkenhead, England, he and his family emigrated to Canada, then the United States in 1978. Williamson frequently utilizes the pen names "Mad Mike", and "Crazy Einar". He is retired from the United States...

    , science fiction author
  • William Burnham Woods
    William Burnham Woods
    William Burnham Woods was an American jurist, politician, and soldier.-Early life and career:Woods was born on August 3, 1824 in Newark, Ohio. He was the older brother of Charles R. Woods, another future Civil War general. He attended college at both Western Reserve University and Yale...

    , U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice
  • Charles R. Woods
    Charles R. Woods
    Charles Robert Woods was a career United States Army officer and a Union general during the American Civil War...

    , Civil War general

Points of interest

  • Newark Earthworks
    Newark Earthworks
    The Newark Earthworks in Newark and Heath, Ohio, consists of three sections of preserved earthworks: the Great Circle Earthworks, the Octagon Earthworks, and the Wright Earthworks. This complex contained the largest earthen enclosures in the world, being about 3,000 acres in extent. Today, the...

  • Blackhand Gorge State Nature Preserve
  • Dawes Arboretum
    Dawes Arboretum
    The Dawes Arboretum is a non-profit arboretum located outside of Columbus in Newark, Ohio. As one of the premier public gardens in North America, The Dawes Arboretum has over of plant collections, gardens and natural areas...

  • National Heisey Glass Museum
  • Ye Olde Mill Velvet Ice Cream Company

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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