National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe
Encyclopedia
National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe, or Giorno del ricordo in Italian language
, is an Italian
celebration for the memory of the victims of the Foibe and the Istrian-Dalmatian exodus
.
mayors. This celebration is in memory of the killing and enforced exile of Italians and democrat or anticommunist Slavs ordered by communist dictator Josip Broz Tito
in 1943-60.
The incidents are known as the foibe massacres and the Istrian exodus
. The estimated number of people killed varies from 1,500 upwards, and up to 400,000 Italians were expelled or emigrated from Dalmatia, Istria and the area bordering Slovenia.
during the cold war
; but after the end of all communist dictatorships in Europe and consequent dissolution of Italian Communist Party
, law's iter mounted to parliament. Italian deputies and senators almost unanimously voted favourably and the law was instituted with number 92 on March 30 2004.
and the historical archive museum of Fiume, transported to Rome
.
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
, is an Italian
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
celebration for the memory of the victims of the Foibe and the Istrian-Dalmatian exodus
Istrian exodus
The expression Istrian exodus or Istrian-Dalmatian exodus is used to indicate the departure of ethnic Italians from Istria, Rijeka, and Dalmatia , after World War II. At the time of the exodus, these territories were part of the SR Croatia and SR Slovenia , today they are parts of the Republics of...
.
Law's motivation
This National Memorial Day is held annually on February 10 and is celebrated by all Italian political personalities including the President and comuneComune
In Italy, the comune is the basic administrative division, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality.-Importance and function:...
mayors. This celebration is in memory of the killing and enforced exile of Italians and democrat or anticommunist Slavs ordered by communist dictator Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz Tito
Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation...
in 1943-60.
The incidents are known as the foibe massacres and the Istrian exodus
Istrian exodus
The expression Istrian exodus or Istrian-Dalmatian exodus is used to indicate the departure of ethnic Italians from Istria, Rijeka, and Dalmatia , after World War II. At the time of the exodus, these territories were part of the SR Croatia and SR Slovenia , today they are parts of the Republics of...
. The estimated number of people killed varies from 1,500 upwards, and up to 400,000 Italians were expelled or emigrated from Dalmatia, Istria and the area bordering Slovenia.
Law's iter
Exiles requested a kind of this step many years ago but diplomatic reasons delaied this deliberation in connection with continuative pacific relationship of Broz Tito, who was useful figure against Soviet empireSoviet Empire
During the Cold War, the informal term "Soviet Empire" referred to the Soviet Union's influence over a number of smaller nations who were nominally independent but subject to direct military force if they tried to leave the Soviet system; see Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and Prague Spring.Though...
during the cold war
Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state from roughly 1946 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Communist World—primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies—and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States...
; but after the end of all communist dictatorships in Europe and consequent dissolution of Italian Communist Party
Italian Communist Party
The Italian Communist Party was a communist political party in Italy.The PCI was founded as Communist Party of Italy on 21 January 1921 in Livorno, by seceding from the Italian Socialist Party . Amadeo Bordiga and Antonio Gramsci led the split. Outlawed during the Fascist regime, the party played...
, law's iter mounted to parliament. Italian deputies and senators almost unanimously voted favourably and the law was instituted with number 92 on March 30 2004.
Law's effect
The National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe is a civilian memorial day but no reduction of working time is observed. The law grants an award, but no money, for all relatives of assassinated victims, upon request. Those who died in concentration camps are also considered victims. The award consists of a certificate and a metal insignia with sentence The Italian Republic remembers. The law also institutes two museums; the Museum of Istrian-Dalmatian civilization in TriesteTrieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
and the historical archive museum of Fiume, transported to Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
.
See also
- IstriaIstriaIstria , formerly Histria , is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner...
- History of DalmatiaHistory of DalmatiaThe History of Dalmatia concerns the history of the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and its inland regions, stretching from the 2nd century BC up to the present....
- Istrian ItaliansIstrian ItaliansIstrian Italians are the ethnic group in the northern Adriatic region of Istria, related to the Italian people of Italy. Historically they are descendants from the original Latinized population of Roman Istria, from the Venetian-speaking settlers who came to Istria during the Republic of Venice,...
- Dalmatian ItaliansDalmatian ItaliansDalmatian Italians are a mostly historical Italian national minority in the region of Dalmatia, part of the Republics of Croatia and Montenegro.-Characteristics:...
- Ethnic cleansingEthnic cleansingEthnic cleansing is a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic orreligious group from certain geographic areas....
- Anti-ItalianismAnti-ItalianismAnti-Italianism is a hostility toward Italian people utilizing stereotypes about them, such as the idea that the Italians are tolerant of violence, political corruption, Italy's former alliance with Nazi Germany and criminal groups such as the Mafia...
- Croatization