Muzahim al-Pachachi
Encyclopedia
Muzahim al-Pachachi Iraq
i politician and diplomat, was born to a prominent family and graduated from the Baghdad
School of Law. He organized the Arab nationalist Cultural Club in Baghdad in 1912; its members included Hamdi al-Pachachi
, Talib al-Naqib and Muhammad Ridha. In 1924, al-Pachachi was elected a member of the Constituent Assembly, charged with drafting the Constitution of Iraq
. He held a number of cabinet and diplomatic positions. He served as Minister of Works (1924-25) before becoming a member of parliament (1925-27). He was appointed ambassador to Britain (1927-28) and was briefly Minister of the Interior (1930). Al-Pachachi opposed the 1930 Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
because it failed to meet nationalist demands. He held a succession of ambassadorial posts: ambassador to the League of Nations
(1933-35), to Italy
(1935-39), and to France
(1939-42). During the occupation of France in World War II
, al-Pachachi stayed in Switzerland
. He became active in the 1930s and 1940s in pro-Palestinian activities and opposed the 1948 United Nations
truce in Palestine
. In June 1948, he became Prime Minister
and it was under his leadership that Iraq sent 15,000 to 18,000 men to take part in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War
, it was also during this time that Iraq led the Arab Liberation Army
. However after the Arabs were defeated and Palestine was partitioned, his cabinet fell in January 1949. He was later appointed deputy Prime Minister (1949-50) and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1949-50). Al-Pachachi opposed the 1951 law that allowed Iraqi Jews
to leave the country, although he himself left Iraq that year, returning after the 14 July Revolution
in 1958. His son Adnan
later served as a cabinet minister and diplomat.
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
i politician and diplomat, was born to a prominent family and graduated from the Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
School of Law. He organized the Arab nationalist Cultural Club in Baghdad in 1912; its members included Hamdi al-Pachachi
Hamdi al-Pachachi
Hamdi al-Pachachi , Iraqi politician, was born to a well known family in Baghdad. He studied law at the Royal School in Istanbul, graduating in 1909. He taught at the Baghdad Law School from 1913 to 1916. While in Istanbul, he joined the Covenant Society and became active in the Arab nationalist...
, Talib al-Naqib and Muhammad Ridha. In 1924, al-Pachachi was elected a member of the Constituent Assembly, charged with drafting the Constitution of Iraq
Constitution of Iraq
The Constitution of Iraq is Iraq's fundamental law.-History:Iraq's first constitution, which established a constitutional monarchy, entered into force under the auspices of a British military occupation in 1925 and remained in effect until the 1958 revolution established a republic...
. He held a number of cabinet and diplomatic positions. He served as Minister of Works (1924-25) before becoming a member of parliament (1925-27). He was appointed ambassador to Britain (1927-28) and was briefly Minister of the Interior (1930). Al-Pachachi opposed the 1930 Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
Anglo-Iraqi Treaty (1930)
The Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930 was a treaty of alliance between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the British-Mandate-controlled administration of the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq. The treaty was between the governments of George V of the United Kingdom and Faisal I of Iraq...
because it failed to meet nationalist demands. He held a succession of ambassadorial posts: ambassador to the League of Nations
League of Nations
The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...
(1933-35), to Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
(1935-39), and to France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
(1939-42). During the occupation of France in World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, al-Pachachi stayed in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
. He became active in the 1930s and 1940s in pro-Palestinian activities and opposed the 1948 United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
truce in Palestine
Palestine
Palestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....
. In June 1948, he became Prime Minister
Prime minister
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime...
and it was under his leadership that Iraq sent 15,000 to 18,000 men to take part in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War
1948 Arab-Israeli War
The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, known to Israelis as the War of Independence or War of Liberation The war commenced after the termination of the British Mandate for Palestine and the creation of an independent Israel at midnight on 14 May 1948 when, following a period of civil war, Arab armies invaded...
, it was also during this time that Iraq led the Arab Liberation Army
Arab Liberation Army
The Arab Liberation Army , also translated as Arab Salvation Army, was an army of volunteers from Arab countries led by Fawzi al-Qawuqji...
. However after the Arabs were defeated and Palestine was partitioned, his cabinet fell in January 1949. He was later appointed deputy Prime Minister (1949-50) and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1949-50). Al-Pachachi opposed the 1951 law that allowed Iraqi Jews
History of the Jews in Iraq
The history of the Jews in Iraq is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity c. 586 BCE. Iraqi Jews constitute one of the world's oldest and most historically significant Jewish communities....
to leave the country, although he himself left Iraq that year, returning after the 14 July Revolution
14 July Revolution
The 14 July Revolution was a coup which took place on 14 July 1958 in Iraq, marking the overthrow of the Hashemite monarchy established by King Faisal I in 1932 under the auspices of the British. In 1958, the coup overthrew King Faisal II, the regent and Crown Prince 'Abd al-Ilah, and Prime...
in 1958. His son Adnan
Adnan Pachachi
Adnan al-Pachachi or Adnan Muzahim Amin al-Pachachi is a veteran Iraqi politician and diplomat. Pachachi was Iraq's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1959 to 1965 and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iraq from 1965 to 1967; he again served as Permanent Representative to the UN...
later served as a cabinet minister and diplomat.