Misanteca is an american flowering plant

Flowering plant

The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...

 genus

Genus

In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

 in the family

Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 Lauraceae

Lauraceae

The Lauraceae or Laurel family comprises a group of flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The family contains about 55 genera and over 3500, perhaps as many as 4000, species world-wide, mostly from warm or tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America...

. Mostly deciduous or evergreen tall trees. These tree

Tree

A tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance. A minimum height specification at maturity is cited by some authors, varying from 3 m to...

s have a resilient wood, useful as timber

Timber

Timber may refer to:* Timber, a term common in the United Kingdom and Australia for wood materials * Timber, Oregon, an unincorporated community in the U.S...

, for construction and as firewood

Firewood

Firewood is any wood-like material that is gathered and used for fuel. Generally, firewood is not highly processed and is in some sort of recognizable log or branch form....

.

Description

They are tree

Tree

A tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance. A minimum height specification at maturity is cited by some authors, varying from 3 m to...

s or rarely bush

Bush

-Nouns:* Shrub, a type of woody plant, smaller than normal trees. Usually grows in the soil. Most bushes are low to the ground and have branches which rise up from the bottom of the plant....

es; deciduous or evergreen.
Misanteca trees grow as woody landscape plants endemic of Central America

Central America

Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...

 and South America

South America

South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...

. It is a Neotropical genus with 40 species. All parts of the plants are very fragrant. They are plants hermaphrodite

Hermaphrodite

In biology, a hermaphrodite is an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes.Many taxonomic groups of animals do not have separate sexes. In these groups, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which both...

s. The leaves are alternate, rarely opposite, entire, subcoriaceous, glabrous on the upper, glabrous or pubescent on the underside, pinnatinervium. The inflorescence

Inflorescence

An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Strictly, it is the part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed and which is accordingly modified...

s are axillary, paniculata so capitated, the tepal

Tepal

Tepals are elements of the perianth, or outer part of a flower, which include the petals or sepals. The term tepal is more often applied specifically when all segments of the perianth are of similar shape and color, or undifferentiated, which is called perigone...

s generally the same, with three stamens, the anthers exserted or included at anthesis, filaments free or fused. The flowers are small. The fruit

Fruit

In broad terms, a fruit is a structure of a plant that contains its seeds.The term has different meanings dependent on context. In non-technical usage, such as food preparation, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state,...

 is a bay

Bay

A bay is an area of water mostly surrounded by land. Bays generally have calmer waters than the surrounding sea, due to the surrounding land blocking some waves and often reducing winds. Bays also exist as an inlet in a lake or pond. A large bay may be called a gulf, a sea, a sound, or a bight...

 cherry-shaped, plum-shaped, with an underlying dome double border, dispersed by birds.

Ecology

The patterns of speciation in the Lauraceae

Lauraceae

The Lauraceae or Laurel family comprises a group of flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The family contains about 55 genera and over 3500, perhaps as many as 4000, species world-wide, mostly from warm or tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America...

 family, where Misanteca genus belong, indicate that since the onset of aridification on the continents 15 million years ago, rainforest diversified in species numbers with the majority of species the product of vicariance

Vicariance

Vicariance is a process by which the geographical range of an individual taxon, or a whole biota, is split into discontinuous parts by the formation of a physical barrier to gene flow or dispersal. Vicariance of whole biotas occurs following large-scale geophysical events such as the uplift of a...

. One of the products of aridification is the current island like archipelagos of rainforests along the planet. The fragmentation of once more continuous rainforest facilitated isolation of populations and this likely caused the increase in the rate of speciation as found in the Lauraceae.

Many botanical species are having similar foliage to the Lauraceae due to convergent evolution. Those plants are adapted to high rainfall and humidity. But Misanteca genus and one or two other genera in lauraceae are having deciduous

Deciduous

Deciduous means "falling off at maturity" or "tending to fall off", and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe...

 species. It is a phenomena of divergent evolution

Divergent evolution

Divergent evolution is the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species, usually a result of diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments which blocks the gene flow among the distinct populations allowing differentiated fixation...

 from the large evergreen trees, for occupy another ecological niche.

The deciduous Misanteca species lose all of their leaves

Leaves

-History:Vocalist Arnar Gudjonsson was formerly the guitarist with Mower, and he was joined by Hallur Hallsson , Arnar Ólafsson , Bjarni Grímsson , and Andri Ásgrímsson . Late in 2001 they played with Emiliana Torrini and drew early praise from the New York Times...

 for part of the year depending on variations in rain

Rain

Rain is liquid precipitation, as opposed to non-liquid kinds of precipitation such as snow, hail and sleet. Rain requires the presence of a thick layer of the atmosphere to have temperatures above the melting point of water near and above the Earth's surface...

fall. In deciduous tropical lauraceae, leaf loss coincides with the dry season

Dry season

The dry season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the tropics. The weather in the tropics is dominated by the tropical rain belt, which oscillates from the northern to the southern tropics over the course of the year...

 in tropical, subtropical and arid regions. In temperate

Temperate

In geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally relatively moderate, rather than extreme hot or cold...

 or polar climate

Polar climate

Regions with a polar climate are characterized by a lack of warm summers . Regions with polar climate cover over 20% of the Earth. The sun shines 24 hours in the summer, and barely ever shines at all in the winter...

s the dry season is due to the inability of the plant to absorb water available by to be in the form of ice.

In convergent evolution

Convergent evolution

Convergent evolution describes the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages.The wing is a classic example of convergent evolution in action. Although their last common ancestor did not have wings, both birds and bats do, and are capable of powered flight. The wings are...

 ecological or physical coincidences, drive toward a similar solution, including analogous structures.

The dispersal of seeds is due to birds that swallow them, so the berries shape attract to birds. The fruits are an important food source for birds.

Species

Species

Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...

 include:

• Misanteca triandra
• Misanteca capitata
• Misanteca campechiana
• Misanteca alata (Miranda) Miranda
• Misanteca appelii (Mez) Lundell
• Misanteca areolata (Lundell) Lundell
• Misanteca aritu (Ducke) Lundell
• Misanteca aurea (Huber) Lundell
• Misanteca brittoniana (C.K. Allen & L.E. Greg.) Lundell
• Misanteca camara (R.H. Schomb.) Lundell
• Misanteca caryophyllata (Ducke) Lundell
• Misanteca caudata (Lundell) Lundell
• Misanteca cayennensis (Meisn.) Lundell
• Misanteca clavata (Lundell) Lundell
• Misanteca conoidea (Lundell) Lundell
• Misanteca coriacea (Lundell) Lundell
• Misanteca cubensis (O.C. Schmidt) Lundell
• Misanteca cufodontisii (Kosterm.) Lundell
• Misanteca duartei (C.K. Allen) Lundell
• Misanteca foveolata (Mez) Lundell
• Misanteca glaberrima (Lundell) Lundell
• Misanteca guatemalensis (Lundell) Lundell
• Misanteca latifolia (A.C. Sm.) Lundell
• Misanteca lucida (Lundell) Lundell
• Misanteca mahuba (A. Samp.) Lundell
• Misanteca martiniana (Mez) Lundell
• Misanteca mexicana (Brandegee) Lundell
• Misanteca misantlae (Brandegee) Lundell
• Misanteca multiflora (Kosterm.) Lundell
• Misanteca mutisii (Kosterm.) Lundell
• Misanteca oblongifolia (Lundell) Lundell
• Misanteca parvifolia (Lam.) Lundell
• Misanteca puchury-major (Mart.) Lundell
• Misanteca rigida (Kosterm.) Lundell
• Misanteca salicifolia (Sw.) Lundell
• Misanteca sericea (Griseb.) Lundell
• Misanteca subbullata (Kosterm.) Lundell
• Misanteca tenuifolia (Kosterm.) Lundell
• Misanteca urceolata (Lundell) Lundell
• Misanteca wilhelminensis (C.K. Allen) Lundell