Millstone River
Encyclopedia
The Millstone River is a 38.6 miles (62.1 km) tributary
Tributary
A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a main stem river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean...

 of the Raritan River
Raritan River
The Raritan River is a major river of central New Jersey in the United States. Its watershed drains much of the mountainous area of the central part of the state, emptying into the Raritan Bay on the Atlantic Ocean.-Description:...

 in central New Jersey in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

.

The Millstone River begins in western Monmouth County
Monmouth County, New Jersey
Monmouth County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey, within the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 630,380, up from 615,301 at the 2000 census. Its county seat is Freehold Borough. The most populous municipality is Middletown Township with...

 and flows northward through southern Somerset County
Somerset County, New Jersey
Somerset County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey. In 2010, the population was 323,444. It is part of the New York Metropolitan Area. Its county seat is Somerville....

 into the Raritan River at Manville
Manville, New Jersey
Manville is a Borough in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough population was 10,344. Manville was named after the Johns-Manville Corporation, which maintained a large manufacturing facility in the borough for decades.Historically, many of...

. Almost three quarters of its length is paralleled by the Delaware and Raritan Canal
Delaware and Raritan Canal
The Delaware and Raritan Canal is a canal in central New Jersey, United States, built in the 1830s that served to connect the Delaware River to the Raritan River. It was intended as an efficient and reliable means of transportation of freight between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York City,...

. Both the Millstone River and parallel canal provide drinking water to portions of central New Jersey and provide recreational uses as well.

Course

The Millstone River starts in western Monmouth County at 40°11′58"N 74°24′37"W, near CR-524 (Stage Coach Road). It flows northeast and turns north before picking up a tributary and crossing CR-1, Sweetmans Lane. It then crosses Baird Lane before crossing SR-33 and flowing past the watershed of the Cranbury Brook
Cranbury Brook
The Cranbury Brook, also known as the Cranberry Brook, is a tributary of the Millstone River found in central New Jersey, United States. It spans areas in Middlesex and Monmouth counties.-Course:...

. It turns west, crossing Perrineville Road and Applegarth Road. Meanwhile, it receives many small tributaries. It crosses I-95, the New Jersey Turnpike, before flowing through the East Windsor Open Space Acquisition. It then crosses CR-639 and Route 130 before picking up a tributary and flowing into Fischer Acres Associates. It crosses Old Cranbury Road and turns southwest before receiving Rocky Brook
Rocky Brook
Rocky Brook is a tributary of the Millstone River in central New Jersey in the United States. It runs through Monmouth and Mercer counties.-Course:...

 and making a turn to the northwest. It then turns west and crosses Old Trenton Road, John White Road, and Southfield Road before flowing alongside the West Windsor Planning Incentive and crossing Cranbury Road. It receives Cranbury Brook
Cranbury Brook
The Cranbury Brook, also known as the Cranberry Brook, is a tributary of the Millstone River found in central New Jersey, United States. It spans areas in Middlesex and Monmouth counties.-Course:...

 and Bear Brook
Bear Brook (Millstone River)
The Bear Brook is a tributary of the Millstone River found in central New Jersey, United States.-Course:The Bear Brook starts at , near exit 8 on the New Jersey Turnpike. It flows west, crossing the New Jersey Turnpike and Route 130 and flowing through the Bear Brook Park Acquisition...

 before receiving Devils Brook and crossing SR-1 (Brunswick Pike). It then flows into Carnegie Lake
Lake Carnegie (New Jersey)
Lake Carnegie is a reservoir that is formed from a dam on the Millstone River, in the far northeastern corner of Princeton Township, New Jersey. The Delaware and Raritan Canal and its associated tow path are situated along the eastern shore of the lake...

 and crosses the D&R Canal, which it closely parallels the rest of its downstream journey. It turns northeast, receiving Stony Brook
Stony Brook (Millstone River)
Stony Brook, also known as Stoney Brook, is a large tributary of the Millstone River in Mercer County, New Jersey in the United States.-Course:...

 from the southwest before turning north again. It receives Harrys Brook
Harrys Brook
The Harrys Brook, also known as the H. Greenlands Brook, is a tributary of the Millstone River in Mercer county, New Jersey, United States.-Course:...

 and exits the Carnegie Lake. It then enters the D&R Canal State Park before crossing CR-679 (Georges Rd.). It receives Beden Brook
Beden Brook
Beden Brook, also Bedens Brook, Beden's Brook, or Beeden's Brook, is a tributary of the Millstone River in central New Jersey in the United States.-Course:The headwaters of the brook are variously given...

 before crossing the Griggstown Causeway and receiving the Simonson Brook directly afterward. By the time it receives Beden Brook, it is paralleled by CR-533, River Road. It then receives the Ten Mile Run and Six Mile Run
Six Mile Run (New Jersey)
Six Mile Run is a tributary of the Millstone River that drains a large area in central Franklin Township in Somerset County and as well western portions of North Brunswick and South Brunswick Townships in Middlesex County, New Jersey in the United States....

 before crossing Blackwells Mills Road. It receives a tributary from Colonial Park and crosses Weston Causeway. It receives Royce Brook before flowing past the Somerset Christian College, one of the few structures built on the land between the D&R Canal and the Millstone River. By the time it crosses Royce Brook, CR-533 has separated from it and turned into Manville. It joins the Raritan River at 40°32′33"N 74°34′0"W.

Flooding

The Millstone River basin has suffered a number of severe flooding events over the past 200 years. Hurricane Floyd
Hurricane Floyd
Hurricane Floyd was the sixth named storm, fourth hurricane, and third major hurricane in the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Floyd triggered the third largest evacuation in US history when 2.6 million coastal residents of five states were ordered from their homes as it approached...

 in September 1999 produced a particularly severe flood in the basin, especially in the Lost Valley section of Manville
Manville, New Jersey
Manville is a Borough in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough population was 10,344. Manville was named after the Johns-Manville Corporation, which maintained a large manufacturing facility in the borough for decades.Historically, many of...

, which sits on a flood plain between the Millstone River and the Raritan River
Raritan River
The Raritan River is a major river of central New Jersey in the United States. Its watershed drains much of the mountainous area of the central part of the state, emptying into the Raritan Bay on the Atlantic Ocean.-Description:...

. Severe flooding once again occurred after Hurricane Irene
Hurricane Irene (2011)
Hurricane Irene was a large and powerful Atlantic hurricane that left extensive flood and wind damage along its path through the Caribbean, the United States East Coast and as far north as Atlantic Canada in 2011...

 swept through the area in 2011.

Two Millstone River basin flood control and mitigation studies are currently underway by separate governmental bodies to determine if future flooding can be mitigated or controlled:

Water supply

The Millstone River provides drinking water to 10,000s of households and businesses in Central New Jersey. A water intake pumping station is located where the Millstone River and Raritan River meet. The water is purified and distributed by the New Jersey American Water.

Commercial history

In earliest colonial times as land routes began to supplant sea shipping, commerce between the emerging centers New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

 and Philadelphia was carried by stage coach along a direct route from South Amboy
South Amboy, New Jersey
South Amboy is a city in Middlesex County, New Jersey, on the Raritan Bay. As of the 2000 United States Census, the city population was 7,913.South Amboy, and Perth Amboy across the Raritan River, are collectively referred to as The Amboys...

 to Bordentown
Bordentown, New Jersey
Bordentown City is in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city population was 3,924. Bordentown is located at the confluence of the Delaware River, Blacks Creek and Crosswicks Creek...

. Much later that route became a railroad. A series of New Jersey towns still extant sprouted up along the stage coach route, including South Amboy, Sayreville
Sayreville, New Jersey
Sayreville is a borough located on the Raritan River, near Raritan Bay in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough population was 42,704....

, South River
South River, New Jersey
South River is a Borough in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the borough population was 15,322....

, Spotswood
Spotswood, New Jersey
-Demographics:As of the census of 2008, there were 7,880 people, 3,099 households, and 2,163 families residing in the borough. The population density was 3,389.8 people per square mile . There were 3,158 housing units at an average density of 1,358.5 per square mile...

, Helmetta
Helmetta, New Jersey
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 1,825 people, 746 households, and 495 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,153.6 people per square mile . There were 769 housing units at an average density of 907.5 per square mile...

, Jamesburg
Jamesburg, New Jersey
Jamesburg is a Borough in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the borough population was 6,025.Jamesburg was formed as a borough by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 19, 1887, when it was created from portions of Monroe Township, based on...

, Cranbury
Cranbury Township, New Jersey
- Demographics :As of the census of 2000, there were 3,227 people, 1,091 households, and 877 families residing in the township. The population density was 240.6 people per square mile . There were 1,121 housing units at an average density of 83.6 per square mile...

, Hightstown
Hightstown, New Jersey
Hightstown is a Borough in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough population was 5,494.Hightstown was incorporated as a borough by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 5, 1853, within portions of East Windsor Township. The borough became...

, Windsor
Windsor, New Jersey
Windsor is a small historic community and unincorporated area located within Robbinsville Township in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 08561...

, Robbinsville
Robbinsville, New Jersey
Robbinsville is an census-designated place located within Robbinsville Township in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 08691....

, and Bordentown. In general, the stage coach took a bee-line route, straight as the crow flies, between the Raritan Bay
Raritan Bay
Raritan Bay is a bay located at the southern portion of Lower New York Bay between the U.S. states of New York and New Jersey and is part of the New York Bight. The bay is bounded on the northwest by New York's Staten Island, on the west by Perth Amboy, New Jersey, on the south by the Raritan...

 at South Amboy and the Delaware River
Delaware River
The Delaware River is a major river on the Atlantic coast of the United States.A Dutch expedition led by Henry Hudson in 1609 first mapped the river. The river was christened the South River in the New Netherland colony that followed, in contrast to the North River, as the Hudson River was then...

 at Bordentown.

As the country grew and its economy began to thrive, large buoyant barge
Barge
A barge is a flat-bottomed boat, built mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods. Some barges are not self-propelled and need to be towed by tugboats or pushed by towboats...

s supported by water on canals emerged as much more suitable for heavy shipping. Unlike the stage coaches, however, routes for canals were obliged to follow the most level land — riverbeds. Hence the importance of the Millstone River which provides a north-south waterway through New Jersey connecting the two great cities of Philadelphia and New York.

The Millstone River is an important tributary of the Raritan River. The Raritan River empties into the Raritan Bay, a bay of the Atlantic Ocean. The Raritan Bay is contiguous to New York Harbor and separates the New York City Borough of Staten Island
Staten Island
Staten Island is a borough of New York City, New York, United States, located in the southwest part of the city. Staten Island is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull, and from the rest of New York by New York Bay...

 (Richmond County) from Central New Jersey along with the Arthur Kill
Arthur Kill
The Arthur Kill is a tidal strait separating Staten Island, New York from mainland New Jersey, USA, and a major navigational channel of the Port of New York and New Jersey. Kill is from the Middle Dutch word kille, meaning "riverbed" or "water channel"...

 a more narrow channel of water between Staten Island and New Jersey.

As the Raritan River flows eastward towards Raritan Bay, it joins the Millstone River flowing north in the vicinity of Bound Brook, New Jersey
Bound Brook, New Jersey
Bound Brook is a borough in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. At the United States 2010 Census, the population was 10,402.Bound Brook was originally incorporated as a town by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 24, 1869, within portions of Bridgewater Township...

. The Millstone River traces an arc through several New Jersey Counties, originating in Monmouth County
Monmouth County, New Jersey
Monmouth County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey, within the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 630,380, up from 615,301 at the 2000 census. Its county seat is Freehold Borough. The most populous municipality is Middletown Township with...

 and flowing more-or-less west through Mercer County
Mercer County, New Jersey
As of the census of 2000, there were 350,761 people, 125,807 households, and 86,303 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,552 people per square mile . There were 133,280 housing units at an average density of 590 per square mile...

, then northwest through Somerset County
Somerset County, New Jersey
Somerset County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey. In 2010, the population was 323,444. It is part of the New York Metropolitan Area. Its county seat is Somerville....

, then northward towards Bound Brook.

Delaware and Raritan Canal

The Delaware and Raritan Canal
Delaware and Raritan Canal
The Delaware and Raritan Canal is a canal in central New Jersey, United States, built in the 1830s that served to connect the Delaware River to the Raritan River. It was intended as an efficient and reliable means of transportation of freight between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York City,...

 runs along east side of the Millstone River for much of its length, from Lake Carnegie
Lake Carnegie (New Jersey)
Lake Carnegie is a reservoir that is formed from a dam on the Millstone River, in the far northeastern corner of Princeton Township, New Jersey. The Delaware and Raritan Canal and its associated tow path are situated along the eastern shore of the lake...

 in Princeton, New Jersey
Princeton, New Jersey
Princeton is a community located in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. It is best known as the location of Princeton University, which has been sited in the community since 1756...

 to the location where the Millstone River empties into the Raritan River
Raritan River
The Raritan River is a major river of central New Jersey in the United States. Its watershed drains much of the mountainous area of the central part of the state, emptying into the Raritan Bay on the Atlantic Ocean.-Description:...

 in Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey
Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey
-Communities of Franklin Township:The following are census-designated places, unincorporated enclaves, and historical communities located within Franklin Township...

. There the canal continues along the right (south) bank of the Raritan. The land between canal
Canal
Canals are man-made channels for water. There are two types of canal:#Waterways: navigable transportation canals used for carrying ships and boats shipping goods and conveying people, further subdivided into two kinds:...

 and river is a flood plain that generally consists of swamps, wooded areas and some farmland. A number of spillway
Spillway
A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a dam or levee into a downstream area, typically being the river that was dammed. In the UK they may be known as overflow channels. Spillways release floods so that the water does not overtop and damage or even destroy...

s allow water to run off from the canal into the Millstone River during periods of heavy water flow.

In Lawrenceville, New Jersey
Lawrenceville, New Jersey
Lawrenceville is a census-designated place and unincorporated area located within Lawrence Township in Mercer County, New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP population was 3,887...

, at a site known as Bakers Basin today located along U.S. Route 1
U.S. Route 1 in New Jersey
U.S. Route 1 is a United States highway which parallels the East Coast of the United States, running from Key West, Florida in the south to Fort Kent, Maine at the Canadian border in the north. Of the entire length of the route, of it runs through New Jersey...

, the canal makes the few mile remaining connection into Trenton, the state capital, and then to the Delaware River.

Hence the Millstone and Raritan Rivers enabled the major shipping route between New York and Philadelphia in the early 19th century. From New York, of course, goods could be shipped north along the Hudson River
Hudson River
The Hudson is a river that flows from north to south through eastern New York. The highest official source is at Lake Tear of the Clouds, on the slopes of Mount Marcy in the Adirondack Mountains. The river itself officially begins in Henderson Lake in Newcomb, New York...

 and Erie Canal
Erie Canal
The Erie Canal is a waterway in New York that runs about from Albany, New York, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York, at Lake Erie, completing a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. The canal contains 36 locks and encompasses a total elevation differential of...

 to upstate New York, and thence to Western Pennsylvania
Western Pennsylvania
Western Pennsylvania consists of the western third of the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. Pittsburgh is the largest city in the region, with a metropolitan area population of about 2.4 million people, and serves as its economic and cultural center. Erie, Altoona, and Johnstown are its...

, Ohio
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...

, and other Great Lakes
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes are a collection of freshwater lakes located in northeastern North America, on the Canada – United States border. Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total surface, coming in second by volume...

 States upstream of Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls
The Niagara Falls, located on the Niagara River draining Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, is the collective name for the Horseshoe Falls and the adjacent American Falls along with the comparatively small Bridal Veil Falls, which combined form the highest flow rate of any waterfalls in the world and has...

.

Tributaries

  • Beden Brook
    Beden Brook
    Beden Brook, also Bedens Brook, Beden's Brook, or Beeden's Brook, is a tributary of the Millstone River in central New Jersey in the United States.-Course:The headwaters of the brook are variously given...

    • Pike Run
      Pike Run
      The Pike Run, also known as the North Pike Run, is a tributary of the Beden Brook found in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. It is the namesake for the nearby residential development of Pike Run in Belle Mead, New Jersey.-Course:...

    • Rock Brook
      Rock Brook
      Rock Brook is a tributary of the Beden Brook found in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States.-Course:Its source is at . It flows south through the town of Skillman, picking up several tributaries, until it enters a dammed section called Sylvan Lake. It then continues west before draining into...

  • Bear Brook
    Bear Brook (Millstone River)
    The Bear Brook is a tributary of the Millstone River found in central New Jersey, United States.-Course:The Bear Brook starts at , near exit 8 on the New Jersey Turnpike. It flows west, crossing the New Jersey Turnpike and Route 130 and flowing through the Bear Brook Park Acquisition...

  • Cranbury Brook
    Cranbury Brook
    The Cranbury Brook, also known as the Cranberry Brook, is a tributary of the Millstone River found in central New Jersey, United States. It spans areas in Middlesex and Monmouth counties.-Course:...

    • Cedar Brook
      Cedar Brook (New Jersey)
      Cedar Brook is a tributary of Cranbury Brook in Cranbury, New Jersey, United States.-Course:Cedar Brook starts at , near Exit 8A on the New Jersey Turnpike. It flows southwest, crossing Applegarth Road and Prospect Plains Road before crossing the Turnpike. It then crosses Cranbury-South River Road...

  • Devils Brook
    Devils Brook
    Devils Brook is a tributary of the Millstone River found in central New Jersey, United States. It is a moderately large brook with many unnamed tributaries.-Course:...

    • Shallow Brook
      Shallow Brook
      The Shallow Brook is a tributary of the Devils Brook found in central New Jersey, United States. It flows generally parallel to the Devils Brook, draining a similar area in Middlesex and Mercer counties.-Course:...

  • Harrys Brook
    Harrys Brook
    The Harrys Brook, also known as the H. Greenlands Brook, is a tributary of the Millstone River in Mercer county, New Jersey, United States.-Course:...

  • Heathcote Brook
    Heathcote Brook
    The Heathcote Brook, also known as the Heathcote Run, is a tributary of the Millstone River found in central New Jersey, United States. It has several tributaries, such as the Heathcote Brook Branch and the Carters Brook.-Course:...

    • Carters Brook
    • Heathcote Brook Branch
      Heathcote Brook Branch
      The Heathcote Brook Branch is a small tributary of the Heathcote Brook found in southern Middlesex County in New Jersey, United States. It flows generally parallel to the Carters Brook, another tributary of the Heathcote Brook.-Course:...

  • Indian Run Brook
  • Little Bear Brook
    Little Bear Brook
    The Little Bear Brook is a tributary of the Millstone River found in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.-Course:The Little Bear Brook's source is at...

  • Millstone Brook
  • Peace Brook
  • Rocky Brook
    Rocky Brook
    Rocky Brook is a tributary of the Millstone River in central New Jersey in the United States. It runs through Monmouth and Mercer counties.-Course:...

  • Royce Brook
  • Simonson Brook
  • Six Mile Run
    Six Mile Run (New Jersey)
    Six Mile Run is a tributary of the Millstone River that drains a large area in central Franklin Township in Somerset County and as well western portions of North Brunswick and South Brunswick Townships in Middlesex County, New Jersey in the United States....

  • Stony Brook
    Stony Brook (Millstone River)
    Stony Brook, also known as Stoney Brook, is a large tributary of the Millstone River in Mercer County, New Jersey in the United States.-Course:...

    • Baldwins Creek
      Baldwins Creek
      The Baldwins Creek is a tributary of the Stony Brook found in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.-Course:The Baldwins Creek starts at , near Baldwin State Park. It flows east, flowing through Baldwin State Park and crossing SR-31...

    • Duck Pond Run
      Duck Pond Run
      The Duck Pond Run is a tributary of the Stony Brook found in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.-Course:The Duck Pond Run starts at , near West Windsor. It flows west, crossing Penn Lyle Road and North Post Road before flowing through the Duck Pond Run park. It then crosses Clarksville Road...

    • Honey Branch
      Honey Branch
      The Honey Branch is a tributary of the Stony Brook found in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.-Course:The Honey Branch starts at . It flows southeast, crossing Moores Mill Mt. Rose Road. It then turns east and flows across Pennington-Rocky Hill Road. It picks up several tributaries and...

    • Lewis Brook
      Lewis Brook (New Jersey)
      The Lewis Brook is a small tributary of the Stony Brook in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.-Course:The Lewis Brook starts at , near the Pennington Shopping Center...

    • Peters Brook
    • Stony Brook Branch
      Stony Brook Branch
      The Stony Brook Branch is a tributary of the Stony Brook found in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.-Course:The Stony Brook Branch starts at , in Sourland Mountain near SR-31...

    • Woodsville Brook
      Woodsville Brook
      The Woodsville Brook is a tributary of the Stony Brook found in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.-Course:The Woodsville Brook starts at . It flows northeast, crossing New Road and Marshalls Corner Woodsville Road...

  • Ten Mile Run
  • Van Horn Brook


External links

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