Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast
Encyclopedia
Mezhdurechensky District is an administrative district (raion
), one of the twenty-six
in Vologda Oblast
, Russia
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Mezhdurechensky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast
and borders with Sokolsky District
in the north, Totemsky District
in the northeast, Soligalichsky District
of Kostroma Oblast
in the southeast, Gryazovetsky District
in the south, and Vologodsky District
in the west. The area of the district is 3600 square kilometres (1,390 sq mi). Its administrative center is the selo of Shuyskoye
. District's population: 7,641 (2002 Census
); Population of Shuyskoye accounts for 31.9% of the district's population. As of 2010, Mezhdurechensky District had the lowest population among all the districts of Vologda Oblast.
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
. The principal direction of the colonization was along the Sukhona, which at the time was the main waterway connecting central Russia with the White Sea. In the 15th century, the area gradually went under the control of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
, after being split into insignificant principalities such as the Principality of Avnega. The selo of Shuyskoye was first mentioned in 1555 as Shuysky Nizovets and achieved prominence in the 17th century as a settlement of shipbuilders, delivering ships mainly to Vologda. In 1370, Avnezhsky Monastery was established on the bank of the Sukhona at the mouth of the Avnega River.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
. The viceroyalty was abolished in 1796, and the part of it which included the area of Mezhdurechensky District was made Vologda Governorate
. The area was split between Totemsky, Gryazovetsky, and Vologodsky Uyezds.
On July 15, 1929, several governorates, including Vologda Governorate, were merged into Northern Krai
, and the uyezds were abolished. Instead, Shuysky District with the administrative center in the selo of Shuyskoye was established as part of Vologda Okrug. In 1931, Shuysky District was renamed into Mezhdurechensky District. In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1936, Northern Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Mezhdurechensky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since.
On July 15, 1929 Tolshmensky District with the center in the selo of Krasnoye was also established. On July 30, 1931 it was abolished, and its area was divided between Shuysky and Totemsky Districts.
On January 25, 1935 Biryakovsky District was established on the lands which previously belonged to Sokolsky and Mezhdurechensky Districts. The administrative center of the district was made in the selo of Biryakovo, currently in Sokolsky District. In 1959, it was abolished and split between Sokolsky and Mezhdurechensky Districts.
, which in the western part of the district forms the border with Sokolsky District, and to the east enters the district and crosses it in the eastern direction. The biggest tributaries of the Sukhona within the district are the Lezha
(right), the Dvinitsa
(left), the Shuya (right), and the Ikhalitsa (right). Minor areas in the south of the district drain into the Monza River, which belongs to the river basin of the Kostroma
. The district thus lies on the divide between the basins of the Northern Dvina and the Volga
, or between the Arctic Ocean
and the Caspian Sea
.
Considerable areas within the district are covered by coniferous forests.
Swamps cover up to 14% of the area of the district. The biggest one is the Bolshaya Chist Swamp located between the valleys of the Sukhona and the Tolshma and shared by Totemsky, Mezhdurechensky Districts, and Kostroma Oblast. The area of the swamp is about 200 square kilometre, the major part of it it treeless, and Bolshaya Chist is the largest area swamp in Vologda Oblast.
production.
.
The only railroad in the district is the Monza Railroad, built for timber transport and operated by the timber production authorities, which runs along the border of Vologda and Kostroma Oblasts. The railroad crosses the southern part of Mezhdurechensky District. The plans to extend it further east to Nikolsk were never realized.
The Sukhona is navigable in the district limits, however, there is no passenger navigation.
There are two museums in the district, both located in Shuyskoye, the Mezhdurechensky District Museum and Nikolay Rubtsov Memorial museum. Nikolay Rubtsov
, the Russian poet, never lived in Shuyskoye, however, he studied and worked in Totma
, and his girlfriend at the time was living in Shuyskoye. It is presumed that Rubtsov visited Shuyskoye on at least two occasions.
Aleksandr Korkin
, a Russian mathematician, was born in Shuyskoye, but left for Vologda
to study in the secondary school and never lived in Shuyskoye afterwards.
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), one of the twenty-six
Administrative divisions of Vologda Oblast
Administratively, Vologda Oblast is divided into four cities and towns of oblast significance and twenty-six districts.In terms of the area, the biggest administrative district is Vytegorsky District ....
in Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is Vologda. The largest city is Cherepovets.Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the magnificent Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Convent , medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, baroque...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Mezhdurechensky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
and borders with Sokolsky District
Sokolsky District, Vologda Oblast
Sokolsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Sokolsky Municipal District...
in the north, Totemsky District
Totemsky District
Totemsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Totemsky Municipal District...
in the northeast, Soligalichsky District
Soligalichsky District
Soligalichsky District is an administrative district , one of the 24 in Kostroma Oblast, Russia....
of Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Kostroma.Major historic towns include Kostroma, Sharya, Nerekhta, Galich, Soligalich, and Makaryev. Textile industries have been developed there since the early 18th century...
in the southeast, Gryazovetsky District
Gryazovetsky District
Gryazovetsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Gryazovetsky Municipal District...
in the south, and Vologodsky District
Vologodsky District
Vologodsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Vologodsky Municipal District...
in the west. The area of the district is 3600 square kilometres (1,390 sq mi). Its administrative center is the selo of Shuyskoye
Shuyskoye, Vologda Oblast
Shuyskoye is a rural locality and the administrative center of Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Sukhona River. It also serves as the administrative center of Sukhonsky Selsoviet, one of the eight selsoviets into which the district is...
. District's population: 7,641 (2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...
); Population of Shuyskoye accounts for 31.9% of the district's population. As of 2010, Mezhdurechensky District had the lowest population among all the districts of Vologda Oblast.
History
The area was originally populated by the Finno-Ugric peoplesFinno-Ugric peoples
The Finno-Ugric peoples are any of several peoples of Europe who speak languages of the proposed Finno-Ugric language family, such as the Finns, Estonians, Mordvins, and Hungarians...
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
. The principal direction of the colonization was along the Sukhona, which at the time was the main waterway connecting central Russia with the White Sea. In the 15th century, the area gradually went under the control of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
, after being split into insignificant principalities such as the Principality of Avnega. The selo of Shuyskoye was first mentioned in 1555 as Shuysky Nizovets and achieved prominence in the 17th century as a settlement of shipbuilders, delivering ships mainly to Vologda. In 1370, Avnezhsky Monastery was established on the bank of the Sukhona at the mouth of the Avnega River.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796.The viceroyalty was established by a decree of Catherine II on , 1780...
. The viceroyalty was abolished in 1796, and the part of it which included the area of Mezhdurechensky District was made Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate
The Vologda Governorate or Government of Vologda was a guberniya in the historical northern region of the European part of Russian Empire.In its size it was second right after the neighboring Archangelgorod Governorate...
. The area was split between Totemsky, Gryazovetsky, and Vologodsky Uyezds.
On July 15, 1929, several governorates, including Vologda Governorate, were merged into Northern Krai
Northern Krai
Northern Krai was a krai of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk...
, and the uyezds were abolished. Instead, Shuysky District with the administrative center in the selo of Shuyskoye was established as part of Vologda Okrug. In 1931, Shuysky District was renamed into Mezhdurechensky District. In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1936, Northern Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Mezhdurechensky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since.
On July 15, 1929 Tolshmensky District with the center in the selo of Krasnoye was also established. On July 30, 1931 it was abolished, and its area was divided between Shuysky and Totemsky Districts.
On January 25, 1935 Biryakovsky District was established on the lands which previously belonged to Sokolsky and Mezhdurechensky Districts. The administrative center of the district was made in the selo of Biryakovo, currently in Sokolsky District. In 1959, it was abolished and split between Sokolsky and Mezhdurechensky Districts.
Location and geography
Mezhdurechensky District is elongated from the west to the east and is organized along the Sukhona RiverSukhona River
The Sukhona is a river in the European pert of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina River. The course of the Sukhona lies in Ust-Kubinsky, Sokolsky, Mezhdurechensky, Totemsky, Tarnogsky, Nyuksensky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its...
, which in the western part of the district forms the border with Sokolsky District, and to the east enters the district and crosses it in the eastern direction. The biggest tributaries of the Sukhona within the district are the Lezha
Lezha River
The Lezha is a river in Gryazovetsky, Vologodsky, and Mezhdurechensky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Sukhona River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
(right), the Dvinitsa
Dvinitsa River
The Dvinitsa is a river in Kharovsky, Sokolsky, and Mezhdurechensky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Sukhona River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
(left), the Shuya (right), and the Ikhalitsa (right). Minor areas in the south of the district drain into the Monza River, which belongs to the river basin of the Kostroma
Kostroma River
The Kostroma is a river in the European part of Russia. It flows through the Kostroma and Yaroslavl Oblasts, and is a left tributary of the Volga, which it enters at the Gorky Reservoir, at the city of Kostroma, at ....
. The district thus lies on the divide between the basins of the Northern Dvina and the Volga
Volga River
The Volga is the largest river in Europe in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. Out of the twenty largest cities of Russia, eleven, including the capital Moscow, are situated in the Volga's drainage...
, or between the Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...
and the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
.
Considerable areas within the district are covered by coniferous forests.
Swamps cover up to 14% of the area of the district. The biggest one is the Bolshaya Chist Swamp located between the valleys of the Sukhona and the Tolshma and shared by Totemsky, Mezhdurechensky Districts, and Kostroma Oblast. The area of the swamp is about 200 square kilometre, the major part of it it treeless, and Bolshaya Chist is the largest area swamp in Vologda Oblast.
Industry
The economy of the district is based on timber industry. There is also food industry, in particular, soft drinkSoft drink
A soft drink is a non-alcoholic beverage that typically contains water , a sweetener, and a flavoring agent...
production.
Agriculture
As of 2010, there were five state enterprises and twenty farms in the district. They are mostly active in milk production.Transport
Shuyskoye is connected by an all-seasonal road with Vologda and Gryazovets. There are no bridges over the Sukhona in the district, and in order to get from one bank of the Sukhona to the other bank by car, one needs to detour via Vologda and KadnikovKadnikov
Kadnikov is a town in Sokolsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the bank of the Sodima River, southeast of Vologda. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kadnikovskoe Urban Settlement in Sokolsky Municipal District. Population: -History:...
.
The only railroad in the district is the Monza Railroad, built for timber transport and operated by the timber production authorities, which runs along the border of Vologda and Kostroma Oblasts. The railroad crosses the southern part of Mezhdurechensky District. The plans to extend it further east to Nikolsk were never realized.
The Sukhona is navigable in the district limits, however, there is no passenger navigation.
Culture and recreation
The district contains one archaeological monument of federal significance (the settlement of Chudinovo) and three historical monuments of local significance.There are two museums in the district, both located in Shuyskoye, the Mezhdurechensky District Museum and Nikolay Rubtsov Memorial museum. Nikolay Rubtsov
Nikolay Rubtsov
Nikolay Mikhaylovich Rubtsov was a Russian poet.He was killed by the woman with whom he spent the last one and a half years of his life.Asteroid 4286 Rubtsov was named after him.-External links:* *...
, the Russian poet, never lived in Shuyskoye, however, he studied and worked in Totma
Totma
Totma is a town and the administrative center of Totemsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River at the confluence with the Pesya Denga River. Municipally, it is incorporated as Totemskoe Urban Settlement in Totemsky Municipal District. Population:...
, and his girlfriend at the time was living in Shuyskoye. It is presumed that Rubtsov visited Shuyskoye on at least two occasions.
Aleksandr Korkin
Aleksandr Korkin
Aleksandr Nikolayevich Korkin was a Russian mathematician. He made contribution to the development of partial differential equations. After Chebyshev, Korkin was the most important initiator of the formation of the Saint Petersburg Mathematical School....
, a Russian mathematician, was born in Shuyskoye, but left for Vologda
Vologda
Vologda is a city and the administrative, cultural, and scientific center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Vologda River. The city is a major transport knot of the Northwest of Russia. Vologda is among the Russian cities possessing an especially valuable historical heritage...
to study in the secondary school and never lived in Shuyskoye afterwards.