Gryazovetsky District
Encyclopedia
Gryazovetsky District is an administrative district (raion
), one of the twenty-six
in Vologda Oblast
, Russia
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Gryazovetsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast
and borders with Mezhdurechensky District
in the north, Soligalichsky
and Buysky District
s of Kostroma Oblast
in the east, Lyubimsky
and Pervomaysky District
s of Yaroslavl Oblast
in the south, Poshekhonsky District
, also of Yaroslavl Oblast, in the southeast, and Vologodsky District
in the northwest. The area of the district is 5030 square kilometres (1,942.1 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Gryazovets
. District's population: 41,644 (2002 Census
); Population of Gryazovets accounts for 38.8% of the district's population.
in the 15th century and the Kornilievo-Komelsky Monastery. Gryazovets was first mentioned in 1538 as a settlement dependent on the Kornilievo-Komelsky Monastery.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
. Simultaneously, in 1780, Gryazovets was chartered and became the administrative center of Gryazovetsky Uyezd. The viceroyalty was abolished in 1796, and its part which included Gryazovetsky Uyezd was made Vologda Governorate
. In 1924, the uyezd was abolished, and the area was included into Vologodsky Uyezd.
On July 15, 1929, several governorates, including Vologda Governorate, were merged into Northern Krai
, and the uyezds were abolished. Instead, Gryazovetsky District with the administrative center in the town of Gryazovets was established as part of Vologda Okrug. In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1936, Northern Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Gryazovetsky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since.
On January 25, 1935 Lezhsky District was established on the lands split off from Gryazovetsky Districts. The administrative center of the district was made in the selo of Sidorovo, and between 1938 and 1952 the district center was located in the settlement of Lezha. In 1959, the district was abolished and merged into Gryazovetsky District.
and the Volga
, and thus on the divide between the basins of the Arctic Ocean
and the Caspian Sea
. The southern part of the district drains into the Obnora River
, a tributary of the Kostroma River
. Some areas in the southeast of the district drain into various tributaries of the Kostroma as well. The center of the district belongs to the basin of the Lezha
, a right tributary of the Sukhona
, which has its source in Kostroma Oblast and crosses th district from the south to the north, forming its largest waterway. The biggest lake in the district, Lake Nikolskoye, is a source of the Komela, a left tributary of the Lezha. Minor areas in the east of the district belong to the basins of the tributaries of the Sukhona, and minor areas in the northwest of the district drain into the Vologda River
, a right tributary of the Sukhona.
, which connects Moscow
and Arkhangelsk
, crosses the district from the south to the north, passing Gryazovets. There are also local roads, with the bus traffic originating from Gryazovets.
The railroad connecting Yaroslavl
and Vologda
crosses the district from the south to the north. Gryazovets is the main railroad station within the district. There is also another line, which connects Vologda in the north and Buy in the south, with the main station within the district being Vokhtoga
. At Vokhtoga, another railroad branches off east, the Monza Railroad, built for timber transport and operated by the timber production authorities, which runs along the border of Vologda and Kostroma Oblasts. The Monza railroad crosses the district and enters Mezhdurechensky District, eventually continuing to the southeastern districts of Vologda Oblast. The plans to extend it further east to Nikolsk were never realized.
Ignatius Bryanchaninov, who later became an Orthodox bishop and is now venered
as a saint
by the Russian Orthodox Church
, was born in Pokrovskoye.
The center of the town of Gryazovets mainly preserved the historical buildings from 19th century.
The only museum in the district is the Gryazovets District Museum, located in Gryazovets.
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), one of the twenty-six
Administrative divisions of Vologda Oblast
Administratively, Vologda Oblast is divided into four cities and towns of oblast significance and twenty-six districts.In terms of the area, the biggest administrative district is Vytegorsky District ....
in Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is Vologda. The largest city is Cherepovets.Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the magnificent Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Convent , medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, baroque...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Gryazovetsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
and borders with Mezhdurechensky District
Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast
Mezhdurechensky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Mezhdurechensky Municipal District...
in the north, Soligalichsky
Soligalichsky District
Soligalichsky District is an administrative district , one of the 24 in Kostroma Oblast, Russia....
and Buysky District
Buysky District
Buysky District is an administrative district , one of the 24 in Kostroma Oblast, Russia....
s of Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Kostroma.Major historic towns include Kostroma, Sharya, Nerekhta, Galich, Soligalich, and Makaryev. Textile industries have been developed there since the early 18th century...
in the east, Lyubimsky
Lyubimsky District
Lyubimsky District is an administrative district , one of the 17 in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia....
and Pervomaysky District
Pervomaysky District, Yaroslavl Oblast
Pervomaysky District, Yaroslavl Oblast is an administrative district , one of the 17 in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia....
s of Yaroslavl Oblast
Yaroslavl Oblast
Yaroslavl Oblast is a federal subject of Russia , which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, and Vologda Oblasts. This geographic location affords the oblast the advantages of proximity to Moscow and St. Petersburg...
in the south, Poshekhonsky District
Poshekhonsky District
Poshekhonsky District is an administrative district , one of the 17 in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia....
, also of Yaroslavl Oblast, in the southeast, and Vologodsky District
Vologodsky District
Vologodsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Vologodsky Municipal District...
in the northwest. The area of the district is 5030 square kilometres (1,942.1 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Gryazovets
Gryazovets
Gryazovets is a town and the administrative center of Gryazovetsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Gryazovetskoe Urban Settlement in Gryazovetsky Municipal District. Population: -History:...
. District's population: 41,644 (2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...
); Population of Gryazovets accounts for 38.8% of the district's population.
History
In the 15th century, the area was transferred into the Great Duchy of Moscow. The area was attractive for monks, since it was at the time covered by unpopulated forests. A number of influential monasteries were founded within the current limits of the district, including the Pavlo-Obnorsky MonasteryPavlo-Obnorsky Monastery
Pavlo-Obnorsky Monastery is a Russian Orthodox monastery founded by Pavel of Obnora in 1414. The monastery is located in the selo of Yunosheskoye on the bank of the Nurma River, a tributary of the Obnora River, in Gryazovetsky District in the southern part of Vologda Oblast, Russia. In the 17th...
in the 15th century and the Kornilievo-Komelsky Monastery. Gryazovets was first mentioned in 1538 as a settlement dependent on the Kornilievo-Komelsky Monastery.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796.The viceroyalty was established by a decree of Catherine II on , 1780...
. Simultaneously, in 1780, Gryazovets was chartered and became the administrative center of Gryazovetsky Uyezd. The viceroyalty was abolished in 1796, and its part which included Gryazovetsky Uyezd was made Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate
The Vologda Governorate or Government of Vologda was a guberniya in the historical northern region of the European part of Russian Empire.In its size it was second right after the neighboring Archangelgorod Governorate...
. In 1924, the uyezd was abolished, and the area was included into Vologodsky Uyezd.
On July 15, 1929, several governorates, including Vologda Governorate, were merged into Northern Krai
Northern Krai
Northern Krai was a krai of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk...
, and the uyezds were abolished. Instead, Gryazovetsky District with the administrative center in the town of Gryazovets was established as part of Vologda Okrug. In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1936, Northern Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Gryazovetsky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since.
On January 25, 1935 Lezhsky District was established on the lands split off from Gryazovetsky Districts. The administrative center of the district was made in the selo of Sidorovo, and between 1938 and 1952 the district center was located in the settlement of Lezha. In 1959, the district was abolished and merged into Gryazovetsky District.
Location and geography
The district occupies the southern "corner" of Vologda Oblast. Most of the area of the district lies on the Gryazovets Plateau of glacial otigin, which is cut through by rivers. The plateau lies on the divide between the basins of the SukhonaSukhona River
The Sukhona is a river in the European pert of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina River. The course of the Sukhona lies in Ust-Kubinsky, Sokolsky, Mezhdurechensky, Totemsky, Tarnogsky, Nyuksensky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its...
and the Volga
Volga River
The Volga is the largest river in Europe in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. Out of the twenty largest cities of Russia, eleven, including the capital Moscow, are situated in the Volga's drainage...
, and thus on the divide between the basins of the Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...
and the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
. The southern part of the district drains into the Obnora River
Obnora River
Obnora is a river in Vologda and Yaroslavl Oblasts of Russia. It is a right tributary of the Kostroma River. It is 132 km long, with a drainage basin of 2,440 km².The town of Lyubim is situated by the Obnora....
, a tributary of the Kostroma River
Kostroma River
The Kostroma is a river in the European part of Russia. It flows through the Kostroma and Yaroslavl Oblasts, and is a left tributary of the Volga, which it enters at the Gorky Reservoir, at the city of Kostroma, at ....
. Some areas in the southeast of the district drain into various tributaries of the Kostroma as well. The center of the district belongs to the basin of the Lezha
Lezha River
The Lezha is a river in Gryazovetsky, Vologodsky, and Mezhdurechensky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Sukhona River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
, a right tributary of the Sukhona
Sukhona River
The Sukhona is a river in the European pert of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina River. The course of the Sukhona lies in Ust-Kubinsky, Sokolsky, Mezhdurechensky, Totemsky, Tarnogsky, Nyuksensky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its...
, which has its source in Kostroma Oblast and crosses th district from the south to the north, forming its largest waterway. The biggest lake in the district, Lake Nikolskoye, is a source of the Komela, a left tributary of the Lezha. Minor areas in the east of the district belong to the basins of the tributaries of the Sukhona, and minor areas in the northwest of the district drain into the Vologda River
Vologda River
The Vologda is a river in Sheksninsky and Vologodsky Districts of Vologda Oblast as well as in the city of Vologda in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Sukhona River. It is long, and the area of its basin . The principal tributaries is the Toshnya...
, a right tributary of the Sukhona.
Agriculture
The agriculture of the district is essentially crop growing and cattle breeding, resulting and meat and milk production.Transport
One of the principal highways in Russia, M8M8 highway (Russia)
The Russian route M8, also known as the Kholmogory Highway or Yaroslavl highway, is a major trunk road that links Moscow to the Russian North in general and the sea harbour of Arkhangelsk in particular...
, which connects Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
and Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk , formerly known as Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the north of European Russia. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river...
, crosses the district from the south to the north, passing Gryazovets. There are also local roads, with the bus traffic originating from Gryazovets.
The railroad connecting Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historical part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl Rivers. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities...
and Vologda
Vologda
Vologda is a city and the administrative, cultural, and scientific center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Vologda River. The city is a major transport knot of the Northwest of Russia. Vologda is among the Russian cities possessing an especially valuable historical heritage...
crosses the district from the south to the north. Gryazovets is the main railroad station within the district. There is also another line, which connects Vologda in the north and Buy in the south, with the main station within the district being Vokhtoga
Vokhtoga
Vokhtoga in Gryazovetsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Vokhtogskoye Urban Settlement, one of the two urban settlements in the district. Vozhega is located on the right bank of the Lezha River, a right tributary of the Sukhona...
. At Vokhtoga, another railroad branches off east, the Monza Railroad, built for timber transport and operated by the timber production authorities, which runs along the border of Vologda and Kostroma Oblasts. The Monza railroad crosses the district and enters Mezhdurechensky District, eventually continuing to the southeastern districts of Vologda Oblast. The plans to extend it further east to Nikolsk were never realized.
Culture and recreation
The district contains four objects classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian Federal law and additionally ninety objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance (fifty of them in Gryazovets). The objects protected at the federal level are the Intercession Church and the Bryanchaninov Estate, both located in the selo of Pokrovskoye, and the building of the high scool in Gryazovets.Ignatius Bryanchaninov, who later became an Orthodox bishop and is now venered
Venerable
The Venerable is used as a style or epithet in several Christian churches. It is also the common English-language translation of a number of Buddhist titles.-Roman Catholic:...
as a saint
Saint
A saint is a holy person. In various religions, saints are people who are believed to have exceptional holiness.In Christian usage, "saint" refers to any believer who is "in Christ", and in whom Christ dwells, whether in heaven or in earth...
by the Russian Orthodox Church
Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church or, alternatively, the Moscow Patriarchate The ROC is often said to be the largest of the Eastern Orthodox churches in the world; including all the autocephalous churches under its umbrella, its adherents number over 150 million worldwide—about half of the 300 million...
, was born in Pokrovskoye.
The center of the town of Gryazovets mainly preserved the historical buildings from 19th century.
The only museum in the district is the Gryazovets District Museum, located in Gryazovets.