Maryville College
Encyclopedia
Maryville College is a private four-year liberal arts college
Liberal arts college
A liberal arts college is one with a primary emphasis on undergraduate study in the liberal arts and sciences.Students in the liberal arts generally major in a particular discipline while receiving exposure to a wide range of academic subjects, including sciences as well as the traditional...

 in Maryville, Tennessee
Maryville, Tennessee
Maryville is the county seat of Blount County, Tennessee, in the Southeastern United States. The city is located south of Knoxville. Maryville's population was 27,258 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Knoxville Metropolitan Area. Maryville has received a number of accolades for its...

, near Knoxville
Knoxville, Tennessee
Founded in 1786, Knoxville is the third-largest city in the U.S. state of Tennessee, U.S.A., behind Memphis and Nashville, and is the county seat of Knox County. It is the largest city in East Tennessee, and the second-largest city in the Appalachia region...

. It was founded in 1819 by Presbyterian minister Isaac L. Anderson for the purpose of furthering education and enlightenment into the West. The College is one of the fifty oldest colleges in the United States and the twelfth oldest institution in the South. It is associated with the Presbyterian Church (USA)
Presbyterian Church (USA)
The Presbyterian Church , or PC, is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States. Part of the Reformed tradition, it is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the U.S...

. It enrolls about 1,103 students. Maryville College's mascot
Mascot
The term mascot – defined as a term for any person, animal, or object thought to bring luck – colloquially includes anything used to represent a group with a common public identity, such as a school, professional sports team, society, military unit, or brand name...

 is the Scots
Scottish people
The Scottish people , or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, incorporating neighbouring Britons to the south as well as invading Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse.In modern use,...

. The sports teams compete in NCAA
National Collegiate Athletic Association
The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a semi-voluntary association of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations and individuals that organizes the athletic programs of many colleges and universities in the United States...

 Division III athletics in the Great South Athletic Conference
Great South Athletic Conference
The Great South Athletic Conference is an intercollegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA’s Division III. Member institutions are located in the southeastern United States in the states of Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee and North Carolina.-Current members:The league currently has 9 full...

 and the USA South Athletic Conference
USA South Athletic Conference
The USA South Athletic Conference is an athletic conference which competes in the NCAA's Division III...

.

Academics

As a liberal arts school, the college promotes a well-rounded education. The school requires numerous general education courses to achieve this. The courses are taken through the conclusion of the student's education, contributing to the graduating student's becoming knowledgeable in a number of fields.

Maryville College offers the following degrees:
American Sign Language and Deaf Studies Art
Art History Biochemistry
Biology Business
Chemical Physics Chemistry
Child Development and Learning Computer Science/Business
Computer Science Economics
Engineering English
Environmental Studies Health Care (Nursing)
History International Business
International Studies Mathematics
Music Outdoor Recreation
Philosophy Political Science
Psychology Religion
Sign Language Interpreting Sociology
Spanish Teaching English as a Second Language
Theatre Studies Writing/Communication
Liberal Arts


In addition to these majors, a number of degree programs are available for teacher licensure.

Maryville College is one of the few colleges in the nation that require graduating students to complete a comprehensive exam in their major and conduct an extensive senior thesis.

Maryville College was ranked No. 3 in U.S. News & World Report for "Best Comprehensive-Bachelor’s” category for southern colleges and universities in both 2006 and 2007.

Maryville College operates on the nontraditional 4-1-4 schedule. During the month of January, students take a J-Term course which lasts for the month and typically incorporates experiential learning
Experiential learning
Experiential learning is the process of making meaning from direct experience. Simply put, Experiential Learning is learning from experience. The experience can be staged or left open. Aristotle once said, "For the things we have to learn before we can do them, we learn by doing them." David A...

. Study abroad
Study abroad
Studying abroad is the act of a student pursuing educational opportunities in a country other than one's own. This can include primary, secondary and post-secondary students...

 trips are also offered during J-term.

Founding

Maryville College was founded as the Southern and Western Theological Seminary in 1819 by Isaac L. Anderson, a Presbyterian minister. Anderson had founded a school, Union Academy, in nearby Knox County
Knox County, Tennessee
Knox County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Its 2007 population was estimated at 423,874 by the United States Census Bureau. Its county seat is Knoxville, as it has been since the creation of the county. The county is at the geographical center of the Great Valley of East Tennessee...

, before becoming minister at New Providence Presbyterian Church in Maryville. He expressed to his fellow clergy the need for more ministers in the community, including a request to the Home Missionary Society and an appeal to divinity students at Princeton University
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution....

 in 1819. The new seminary was intended to help fill this need for ministers. It opened with a class of five men, and the new school was adopted by the Synod of Tennessee and formally named the Southern and Western Theological Seminary in October 1819.

Integration

In 2004, Maryville College was recognized by the Race Relations Center of East Tennessee for its history of "contributing to improving the quality of life for all in East Tennessee". Maryville College was racially integrated from its earliest days. An ex-slave named George Erskine studied there in 1819, sponsored by the Manumission
Manumission
Manumission is the act of a slave owner freeing his or her slaves. In the United States before the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which abolished most slavery, this often happened upon the death of the owner, under conditions in his will.-Motivations:The...

 Society of Tennessee. Erskine went on to preach during the 1820s and was formally ordained by the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in 1829.

Maryville College was closed during the Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...

, but, upon reopening, it again admitted students regardless of race, assisted by the Freedman's Bureau.

When the State of Tennessee forced Maryville College to segregate in 1901, the College gave $25,000—a little more than a tenth of its endowment at the time—to Swift Memorial Institute, the College's sister school. Swift was founded by William Henderson Franklin, the first African-American to graduate from Maryville College (1880). His Institute educated black students during the era of imposed segregation.

After the Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 , was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 which...

 decision, Maryville College immediately reenrolled African Americans.

In 1875 Maryville College conferred the first college degree to a woman in the state of Tennessee. The recipient was Mary T. Wilson, the older sister of Samuel T. Wilson, who later served as president of the College from 1901 until 1930.

Campus

  • Anderson Hall: The oldest building on campus, Anderson Hall houses the Humanities department and Education department.
  • Cooper Athletics Center: This building currently houses the Athletics department.
  • Fayerweather Hall: Originally a science building, Fayerweather now houses most of the administrative offices of Maryville College.
  • Bartlett Hall: Built by Kin Takahashi and many other students, this building houses the offices of Student Development, Student Involvement, Resident Life, Center for Calling and Careers, The Learning center, Security, the book store, the Post Office, Multicultural Center, and Isaac's Cafe.
  • Pearsons Hall: This building houses the main dining hall.
  • Sutton Science Center: The building houses the departments of Math, Chemistry, Biology, American Sign Language, and Deaf Studies.
  • Clayton Center for the Arts: This building is the newest building at MC. It houses the music department and has live acts, plays, and local and national productions.
  • Willard House: This building houses the office of Advancement.
  • The House in the Woods: This building is used for the meeting space at MC. This building was previously used to house the campus minister.
  • Alexander House: This building houses some Advancement offices, Church Relations, and Keep Blount Beautiful.
  • Crawford House: This building houses Mountain Challenge.
  • RT Lodge: This building is currently used solely for the company Ruby Tuesday's.
  • Alumni Gym: This building is used to house campus events.
  • Physical Plant: This is where all campus maintenance offices are located.
  • Center for Campus Ministry: This building houses the campus chapel and is the office of the campus Minister, Volunteer relations, and several other "volunteer" related officers.

Campus housing

The vast majority of Maryville College students reside in one of the many on-campus residence halls, which are:
  • Gamble Hall: All male; typically freshman housing. Rooms are available as both doubles and singles. Also features communal bathrooms.
  • Davis Hall: All female; typically freshman housing. Rooms are available as both doubles and singles. Also features communal bathrooms.
  • Copeland Hall: Co-ed; typically freshman housing. Rooms are available as both doubles and singles. Also features communal bathrooms.
  • Pearsons Hall: Is a hall that is no longer used on campus.
  • Lloyd Hall: Primarily upper class, Lloyd Hall offers suite-style living. These rooms are composed of a living room, two bedrooms and two bathrooms. Some rooms also contain kitchens.
  • Carnegie Hall: Upper class living that includes a variety of different room types. Rooms can be suite style or single, with all rooms containing individual bathrooms and some with individual kitchens. This is also a wet residence hall.
  • Beeson Village: A complex of primarily upper class residences. Beeson Village offers apartment style living and is one of the newer campus living accommodations.
  • Court Street Apartments: Located just off campus, Court Street Apartments offer single bedroom apartments shared by two students.
  • Gibson Hall: The newest dorm at Maryville College, which offers suite style living almost identical to that of Lloyd Hall. Gibson Hall is a "wellness hall," which means that students must refrain from drinking, smoking and drug use within the building.


Campus Improvement Plan

In 2010 Maryville College finished the construction of the Clayton Center for the Arts. This new CCA building is home to a large theatre, a flex theatre, and also classrooms and offices for professors of Maryville College. There are also plans to renovate Anderson Hall in the future.

Features of the College

The college’s current heating system started as an experiment by the Tennessee Valley Authority
Tennessee Valley Authority
The Tennessee Valley Authority is a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected...

, the Department of Energy
United States Department of Energy
The United States Department of Energy is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material...

 and the College in 1982. Coinciding with the World’s Fair
1982 World's Fair
The 1982 World's Fair, formally known as the Knoxville International Energy Exposition, was held in Knoxville, Tennessee, in the United States. The theme of the exposition was "Energy Turns the World."...

 in Knoxville, the experiment tested the efficiency of burning wood waste as an energy source. Tours of the plant and demonstrations were held at the College.

The college's oldest building, Anderson Hall
Anderson Hall (Maryville College)
Anderson Hall, built in 1870, is the oldest building on the campus of Maryville College, Maryville, Tennessee, named for college founder Isaac L. Anderson....

, built in 1870, is currently used as a classroom building. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...

.

Student organizations

  • For more information about Student Organizations see the Office of Student Involvement.
  • Alpha Psi Omega
    Alpha Psi Omega
    Alpha Psi Omega National Theatre Honor Society is an American recognition honor society recognizing participants in collegiate theatre. The Alpha Cast was founded at Fairmont State College on August 12, 1925 by professor Paul F...

     (Drama)
  • Alternative Fall Break
  • Alternative Spring Break
  • American Chemical Society
    American Chemical Society
    The American Chemical Society is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has more than 161,000 members at all degree-levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical...

  • Association of Computing Machinery
  • Beta Beta Beta (Biology)
  • Biology Club
  • Black Student Association
  • Campus Commuters and Friends
  • Cheerleading
    Cheerleading
    Cheerleading is a physical activity, sometimes a competitive sport, based on organized routines, usually ranging from one to three minutes, which contain the components of tumbling, dance, jumps, cheers, and stunting to direct spectators of events to cheer on sports teams at games or to participate...

  • Chilhowean (Yearbook)
  • Circle K
    Circle K
    Circle K is an international chain of convenience stores, founded in 1951, in El Paso, Texas, United States. It is owned and operated by the Canadian-based Alimentation Couche-Tard.-Overview:...

  • College Democrats
    College Democrats
    The College Democrats of America is the official youth outreach arm of the Democratic Party. It consists of over 100,000 college and university students from across the United States. The organization has served as a way for college students to connect with the Democratic Party and Democratic...

  • College Republicans
    College Republicans
    The College Republican National Committee is a national organization for college and university students who support the Republican Party of the United States...

  • Craftivists
  • Culinary Club
  • Deutsche AG
  • El Club de Espanol
  • Entrepreneurship Club
  • Environmental Action Team
  • Erskine Tutors
  • Face AIDS
  • Fellowship of Christian Athletes
    Fellowship of Christian Athletes
    The Fellowship of Christian Athletes is a non-profit interdenominational Christian organization founded in 1954 and that has been based in Kansas City, Missouri since 1956. It falls within the tradition of Muscular Christianity. Although established by evangelical Protestants, the concept has...

  • Global Citizenship Organization
  • GSA (Gay-Straight Alliance
    Gay-straight alliance
    Gay–straight alliances are student organizations, found primarily in North American high schools and universities, that are intended to provide a safe and supportive environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth and their straight allies .-Goal:The goal of most, if not all,...

    )
  • Habitat for Humanity
  • Highland Echo (Newspaper)
  • Highland Leadership Program
  • History Society/Phi Alpha Theta
    Phi Alpha Theta
    Phi Alpha Theta is an American honor society for undergraduate and graduate students and professors of history.The society is a charter member of the Association of College Honor Societies and has over 350,000 members, with about 9,500 new members joining each year through 860 local chapters.-...

  • Humans v. Zombies
  • Impressions (Literary Magazine)
  • Intervarsity Christian Fellowship
    InterVarsity Christian Fellowship
    InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA is an inter-denominational, evangelical Christian, student-led ministry which for the past 70 years has been dedicated to establishing witnessing communities on U.S. college and university campuses...

  • Intramural Sports
    Intramural sports
    Intramural sports or intramurals are recreational sports organized within a set geographic area. The term derives from the Latin words intra muros meaning "within walls", and was used to indicate sports matches and contests that took place among teams from "within the walls" of an ancient city...

  • Japanese Club
  • Judicial Board
  • MC Badminton Club
  • MC Bahai Association
  • MC Dance Ensemble
  • MC Equestrian
    Equestrianism
    Equestrianism more often known as riding, horseback riding or horse riding refers to the skill of riding, driving, or vaulting with horses...

     Team
  • MC Libertarians
  • MC Literacy Corps
  • MC Scots Pep Band
  • MC Soccer Club
  • Model UN
  • Mountain Challenge
  • No Woman Left Behind
  • Non-Profit Leadership Alliance
  • Omicron Delta Kappa
    Omicron Delta Kappa
    Omicron Delta Kappa, or ΟΔΚ, also known as The Circle, or more commonly ODK, is a national leadership honor society. It was founded December 3, 1914, at Washington & Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, by 15 student and faculty leaders. Chapters, known as Circles, are located on over 300...

     (Leadership)
  • P.E.A.C.E.
  • Peace & World Concerns
  • Peer Mentors (Orientation)
  • Philosophy Club
  • Progressive Christian Community
  • Psi Chi
    Psi Chi
    Psi Chi is the International Honor Society in Psychology, founded in 1929 for the purposes of encouraging, stimulating, and maintaining excellence in scholarship, and advancing the science of psychology. With over 1,050 chapters, Psi Chi is one of the largest honor societies in the United States...

     (Psychology)
  • Residence Hall Association
    Residence hall association
    In the United States, a Residence Hall Association is a student-run university residence hall governing body. It is usually the parent organization for individual hall governments. Their function is similar to a student government, except that most of their activities pertain to on-campus living...

  • Scotties Dance Team
  • Sigma Lambda Kappa (Sign Language)
  • Sigma Tau Delta
    Sigma Tau Delta
    Sigma Tau Delta is an international collegiate honor society for students of English. It presently has over 800 active chapters located in Europe, the Caribbean, the United States, and 1 chapter in the Middle East , with more than 1,000 faculty sponsors...

     (English Honor Society)
  • Sisters in Spirit (Women's Issues)
  • Ski and Snowboarding Club
  • Student Government Association
  • Student Programming Board
  • The Bicycle Club
  • Ultimate Club
  • Up 'Til Dawn
    Up 'til Dawn
    Up 'til Dawn is a nationwide student-led, student-run program in which college students raise funds for and awareness of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital...

  • Voices of Praise

Athletics

Maryville College sponsors 13 varsity sports under the guidelines of the NCAA Division III. Men's and women's soccer, men's and women's cross country, volleyball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's tennis, baseball, and softball compete in the Great South Athletic Conference
Great South Athletic Conference
The Great South Athletic Conference is an intercollegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA’s Division III. Member institutions are located in the southeastern United States in the states of Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee and North Carolina.-Current members:The league currently has 9 full...

. Maryville's football team competes in the USA South Athletic Conference
USA South Athletic Conference
The USA South Athletic Conference is an athletic conference which competes in the NCAA's Division III...

. Maryille College played in the first Tangerine Bowl
Capital One Bowl
The Capital One Bowl is an annual college football bowl game played in Orlando, Florida at the Citrus Bowl, and previously known as the Tangerine Bowl and the Florida Citrus Bowl...

 (now the Capital One Bowl
Capital One Bowl
The Capital One Bowl is an annual college football bowl game played in Orlando, Florida at the Citrus Bowl, and previously known as the Tangerine Bowl and the Florida Citrus Bowl...

) in 1947, losing 31 - 0 to Catawba College
Catawba College
Catawba College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college in Salisbury, North Carolina, USA. Founded in 1851 by the North Carolina Classis of the Reformed Church in Newton, the college adopted its name from its county of origin, Catawba County, before moving to its current home of Salisbury...

.

Prominent alumni

  • Frank Moore Cross
    Frank Moore Cross
    Frank Moore Cross, Jr. is Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages Emeritus at Harvard University, notable for his work in the interpretation of the Dead Sea Scrolls, his 1973 magnum opus Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic, and his work in Northwest Semitic epigraphy...

     - a Professor Emeritus of the Harvard Divinity School
    Harvard Divinity School
    Harvard Divinity School is one of the constituent schools of Harvard University, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States. The School's mission is to train and educate its students either in the academic study of religion, or for the practice of a religious ministry or other public...

    , notable for both his work in the interpretation of the Dead Sea Scrolls
    Dead Sea scrolls
    The Dead Sea Scrolls are a collection of 972 texts from the Hebrew Bible and extra-biblical documents found between 1947 and 1956 on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea, from which they derive their name...

     as well as his analysis of the Deuteronomistic History (DH).
  • Bryant Cureton - 12th President of Elmhurst College
    Elmhurst College
    Elmhurst College is a comprehensive private liberal arts college in Elmhurst, Illinois with a tradition of service-oriented learning. It has a rich affiliation with the United Church of Christ.- History :‎...

    .
  • Donald West Harward
    Donald West Harward
    Donald West Harward is a philosopher and served as the sixth president of Bates College in Lewiston, Maine from 1989 to 2002.Harward received his B.A. in mathematics from Maryville College, then his M.A. from American University, and Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Maryland...

     - President of Bates College
    Bates College
    Bates College is a highly selective, private liberal arts college located in Lewiston, Maine, in the United States. and was most recently ranked 21st in the nation in the 2011 US News Best Liberal Arts Colleges rankings. The college was founded in 1855 by abolitionists...

    .
  • Dorothy Andrews Elston Kabis
    Dorothy Andrews Elston Kabis
    Dorothy Andrews Elston Kabis was a Republican Party activist from the U.S. state of Delaware who was appointed the 33rd Treasurer of the United States, having served from May 8, 1969, until her death.-Biography:...

     - The 33rd Treasurer of the United States
    Treasurer of the United States
    The Treasurer of the United States is an official in the United States Department of the Treasury that was originally charged with the receipt and custody of government funds, though many of these functions have been taken over by different bureaus of the Department of the Treasury...

     (1969–1971), appointed by President Richard Nixon.
  • Sen Katayama
    Sen Katayama
    Sen Katayama , born Yabuki Sugataro , was an early member of the American Communist Party and co-founder, in 1922, of the Japan Communist Party....

    , co-founder of Japanese Communist Party
    Japanese Communist Party
    The Japanese Communist Party is a left-wing political party in Japan.The JCP advocates the establishment of a society based on socialism, democracy and peace, and opposition to militarism...

  • Roy Kramer
    Roy Kramer
    -External links:*...

     — former Commissioner
    Commissioner
    Commissioner is in principle the title given to a member of a commission or to an individual who has been given a commission ....

     of the Southeastern Conference
    Southeastern Conference
    The Southeastern Conference is an American college athletic conference that operates in the southeastern part of the United States. It is headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama...

    .
  • Wiley Blount Rutledge
    Wiley Blount Rutledge
    Wiley Blount Rutledge, Jr. was an American educator, lawyer, and justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.-Early life:...

    , Associate Justice
    Associate Justice
    Associate Justice or Associate Judge is the title for a member of a judicial panel who is not the Chief Justice in some jurisdictions. The title "Associate Justice" is used for members of the United States Supreme Court and some state supreme courts, and for some other courts in Commonwealth...

     of United States Supreme Court from 1943-1949.
  • Tom Saffell
    Tom Saffell
    Thomas Judson Saffell is a former major league outfielder from Etowah, Tennessee-Early life:Saffell grew up playing sports, especially fast-pitch softball. His team won the state tournament and played in a national tournament in Detroit, Michigan. After completing high school in 1940, Saffell...

    , Major League Baseball
    Major League Baseball
    Major League Baseball is the highest level of professional baseball in the United States and Canada, consisting of teams that play in the National League and the American League...

     player from 1949 to 1959.
  • Richard B. Sellars
    Richard B. Sellars
    Richard Beverland Sellars was an American business executive who served as chairman and CEO of Johnson & Johnson as part of 40 years with the healthcare product firm...

     (1915–2010), Chairman and CEO of Johnson & Johnson
    Johnson & Johnson
    Johnson & Johnson is an American multinational pharmaceutical, medical devices and consumer packaged goods manufacturer founded in 1886. Its common stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the company is listed among the Fortune 500....

    .
  • Roy Arthur Taylor - U.S. Representative from North Carolina
    North Carolina
    North Carolina is a state located in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte...

    , 1960–1977
  • George Verwer
    George Verwer
    George Verwer is the founder of Operation Mobilisation , a Christian missions organization. Verwer has written several books on various Christian themes...

     - Evangelist
    Evangelist
    -Religion:*one of the Four Evangelists, the authors of the canonical Christian Gospels in the New Testament*a Christian who explains his or her beliefs to a non-Christian and thereby participates in Evangelism...

     and founder of Operation Mobilisation
    Operation Mobilisation
    Operation Mobilisation is an Evangelical Christian organization founded by George Verwer to mobilise young people to live and share the Gospel of Jesus...


Alma mater

Where Chilhowee’s lofty mountains
Pierce the southern blue
Proudly stands our Alma Mater,
Noble, grand, and true.

CHORUS:
Orange, Garnet, float forever,
Ensign of our hill!
Hail to thee, our Alma Mater,
Hail to Maryville!

As the hilltop crowned with cedars
Ever green appears,
So the memory fresh shall linger
Through life’s smiles and tears.

— CHORUS —

Lift the chorus, wake the echoes,
Make the welkin ring!
Hail the queen of all the highlands,
Loud her praises sing!

— CHORUS —

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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