Margravine Auguste Marie Johanna of Baden-Baden
Encyclopedia
Johanna of Baden-Baden (Auguste Marie Johanna; 10 November 1704 – Paris, 8 August 1726) was born a Margravine of Baden-Baden
, she was the Duchess of Orléans by marriage to Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans. Her husband was a grandson of her father's former enemy Louis XIV of France
. Known in France as Jeanne de Bade, she died in childbirth. She is an ancestor of Louis Philippe I and of several members of royal families of Europe such as the Spanish and Italian as well as the present Grand Duke of Luxemburg.
as the ninth child of the imperial
army commander Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden
, and of his wife Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg, who was twenty years younger than her husband. After her father's death in 1707, her mother Sibylle became regent of the Margraviate for Johanna's brother Louis George
.
Her mother was a great patron of the arts, making Baden-Baden a centre of architectural culture. Between the years of her mother's Regency (1707–1727) Sibylle Auguste ordered the construction of some four palaces in the state as well as two churches. Jeanne saw the construction of the Schloss Favorite
in Rastatt
.
Her aunt Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg
was the Grand Duchess of Tuscany as wife of Gian Gastone de' Medici
, her husbands own distant cousin. The Italian born Prince of Carignan
was also a distant cousin and was a resident at the French.
Jeanne was the youngest of nine children and was the only daughter to survive over the age of seven. She had one older brother, Louis George
(1702–1761) the future Margrave of Baden-Baden and a younger one, Augustus George
who was Margrave of Baden-Baden from 1761–1771 succeeding his brother.
, son and heir of Anselm Franz of Thurn and Taxis
, a wealthy German noble of the powerful Thurn and Taxis family and the Postmaster General of the Holy Roman Empire
. The second was a French nobleman Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans. Her mother preferred the French match as it would strengthen ties with a powerful neighbour who prior to Johanna's birth, had ravaged Baden-Baden. Johanna however preferred the German match due to her roots.
Johanna, however gave into her mother and agreed to the match with Louis d'Orléans and there was a proxy ceremony held at the Schloss Rastatt
before she was married on 13 July 1724 Louis d'Orléans, the grandson of Louis XIV of France
. Chosen for, among other reasons, her family's Catholicism, she brought a comparatively small dowry of 80,000 livres
to the Orléans.
At the court of Versailles
, she was known as Jeanne de Bade.
Her marriage to the First Prince of the Blood
allowed her to use the style of Madame la Princesse, and made her one one of the most important ladies at the court of the young Louis XV of France
. At the time of her marriage, the young king Louis was "engaged" to his first cousin the Infanta Mariana Victoria of Spain
. The couple were never actually married and in 1725 she was sent back to Spain then making Jeanne and her mother in law the Dowager Duchess of Orléans
the most senior women at court.
She was popular with the court and noted as being very charming.
In 1725, Louis XV married Marie Leszczyńska, making Jeanne one step behind the new queen in terms of rank and etiquette. She and her husband lived in the Château de Saint-Cloud
, one of the Orléans' residences, and had also an apartment at the château of Versailles where her son Louis Philippe was born in 1725.
Expecting to give birth to her second child at Versailles in early August 1726, her mother in law Dowager Duchess of Orléans
forced her heavily pregnant daughter in law to return to Paris in order to have the child at the Palais-Royal. Leaving Versailles on 4 August, she had to stop at Sèvres
due to the extremity of her labour pains. Despite the stop, she returned to Paris.
Jeanne died on 8 August 1726, at the age of twenty-two, three days after giving birth to the couple's second child at the Palais-Royal, the Paris residence of the House of Orléans
. Despite the shortness of the relationship, many contemporaries said that the couple was well matched and that they had fallen in love at first sight. After her death, her husband went into a long period of mourning. It was said of Jeanne that she had all the great qualities of the heart, that she died with the universal regret of France.
She was buried at the Val-de-Grâce
Convent in Paris.
After her death, her aunt by marriage Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans suggested that Louis marry one of her daughters namely Élisabeth Thérèse de Lorraine
and Anne Charlotte de Lorraine
. Louis refused outright, much to the annoyance of his aunt.
Margrave
A margrave or margravine was a medieval hereditary nobleman with military responsibilities in a border province of a kingdom. Border provinces usually had more exposure to military incursions from the outside, compared to interior provinces, and thus a margrave usually had larger and more active...
, she was the Duchess of Orléans by marriage to Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans. Her husband was a grandson of her father's former enemy Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days...
. Known in France as Jeanne de Bade, she died in childbirth. She is an ancestor of Louis Philippe I and of several members of royal families of Europe such as the Spanish and Italian as well as the present Grand Duke of Luxemburg.
Biography
Auguste Marie Johanna von Baden-Baden was born in AschaffenburgAschaffenburg
Aschaffenburg is a city in northwest Bavaria, Germany. The town of Aschaffenburg is not considered part of the district of Aschaffenburg, but is the administrative seat.Aschaffenburg is known as the Tor zum Spessart or "gate to the Spessart"...
as the ninth child of the imperial
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
army commander Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Louis William, Margrave of Baden was the ruler of Baden in Germany and chief commander of the Imperial army. He was also known as Türkenlouis...
, and of his wife Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg, who was twenty years younger than her husband. After her father's death in 1707, her mother Sibylle became regent of the Margraviate for Johanna's brother Louis George
Louis George, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Louis George of Baden-Baden was the Margrave of Baden-Baden from 1707 till his death in 1761. From 1707 till 1727 his mother Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg was the regent of Baden-Baden. He was succeeded by his younger brother August Georg Simpert...
.
Her mother was a great patron of the arts, making Baden-Baden a centre of architectural culture. Between the years of her mother's Regency (1707–1727) Sibylle Auguste ordered the construction of some four palaces in the state as well as two churches. Jeanne saw the construction of the Schloss Favorite
Schloss Favorite (Rastatt)
Schloss Favorite is a castle on the outskirts of Rastatt-Förch in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Built by Johann Michael Ludwig Rohrer between 1710 and 1730, it was a pleasure and hunting palace used by Margravine Franziska Sibylla Augusta of Sachsen-Lauenburg, widow of Louis William, Margrave of...
in Rastatt
Rastatt
Rastatt is a city and baroque residence in the District of Rastatt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the Murg river, above its junction with the Rhine and has a population of around 50'000...
.
Her aunt Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg
Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg
Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg was the legal Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg in the eyes of the Holy Roman Emperor, the overlord of Saxe-Lauenburg, from 1689 until 1728; however, because her distant cousin George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, conquered the duchy by force in 1689, she...
was the Grand Duchess of Tuscany as wife of Gian Gastone de' Medici
Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Gian Gastone de' Medici was the seventh and last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany. He was the second son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, Princess of France...
, her husbands own distant cousin. The Italian born Prince of Carignan
Louis Victor, Prince of Carignan
Louis Victor of Savoy was a northern Italian nobleman and the Prince of Carignano from 1741 till his death.-Biography:...
was also a distant cousin and was a resident at the French.
Jeanne was the youngest of nine children and was the only daughter to survive over the age of seven. She had one older brother, Louis George
Louis George, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Louis George of Baden-Baden was the Margrave of Baden-Baden from 1707 till his death in 1761. From 1707 till 1727 his mother Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg was the regent of Baden-Baden. He was succeeded by his younger brother August Georg Simpert...
(1702–1761) the future Margrave of Baden-Baden and a younger one, Augustus George
Augustus George, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Augustus George of Baden-Baden was the ruling Margrave of Baden-Baden from 1761 till his death in 1771. He succeeded his brother Louis George and was the brother of the Duchess of Orléans...
who was Margrave of Baden-Baden from 1761–1771 succeeding his brother.
Marriage
As her mother was regent of Johanna's native Baden-Baden, it was her mother who tried to find a suitable candidate for her only daughter. Her mother proposed two candidates; Prince Alexander Ferdinand of Thurn and TaxisAlexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis
-Titles and styles:*21 March 1704 – 8 November 1739: His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis*8 November 1739 – 17 March 1773: His Serene Highness The Prince of Thurn and Taxis-Honours:...
, son and heir of Anselm Franz of Thurn and Taxis
Anselm Franz, 2nd Prince of Thurn and Taxis
-Titles and styles:*1681–1695: His Serene Highness The Hereditary Count of Thurn and Taxis*1695 – 21 February 1714: His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis...
, a wealthy German noble of the powerful Thurn and Taxis family and the Postmaster General of the Holy Roman Empire
Thurn und Taxis
The Princely House of Thurn and Taxis is a German family that was a key player in the postal services in Europe in the 16th century and is well known as owners of breweries and builders of many castles.- History :...
. The second was a French nobleman Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans. Her mother preferred the French match as it would strengthen ties with a powerful neighbour who prior to Johanna's birth, had ravaged Baden-Baden. Johanna however preferred the German match due to her roots.
Johanna, however gave into her mother and agreed to the match with Louis d'Orléans and there was a proxy ceremony held at the Schloss Rastatt
Schloss Rastatt
Schloss Rastatt is a historical building in Rastatt, Germany. The palace and the Garden were built between 1700 and 1707 by the Italian architect Domenico Egidio Rossi as ordered by Margrave Louis William of Baden.-History:...
before she was married on 13 July 1724 Louis d'Orléans, the grandson of Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days...
. Chosen for, among other reasons, her family's Catholicism, she brought a comparatively small dowry of 80,000 livres
French livre
The livre was the currency of France until 1795. Several different livres existed, some concurrently. The livre was the name of both units of account and coins.-Etymology:...
to the Orléans.
At the court of Versailles
Palace of Versailles
The Palace of Versailles , or simply Versailles, is a royal château in Versailles in the Île-de-France region of France. In French it is the Château de Versailles....
, she was known as Jeanne de Bade.
Her marriage to the First Prince of the Blood
Prince du Sang
A prince of the blood was a person who was legitimately descended in the male line from the monarch of a country. In France, the rank of prince du sang was the highest held at court after the immediate family of the king during the ancien régime and the Bourbon Restoration...
allowed her to use the style of Madame la Princesse, and made her one one of the most important ladies at the court of the young Louis XV of France
Louis XV of France
Louis XV was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death. He succeeded his great-grandfather at the age of five, his first cousin Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, served as Regent of the kingdom until Louis's majority in 1723...
. At the time of her marriage, the young king Louis was "engaged" to his first cousin the Infanta Mariana Victoria of Spain
Mariana Victoria of Spain
Mariana Victoria of Spain was an Infanta of Spain and Queen consort of Portugal as wife of King Joseph I. The mother of Queen Maria I of Portugal, she also acted as Regent of Portugal during the last months of her husband's life and advisor to her daughter during her reign.-Background:Mariana...
. The couple were never actually married and in 1725 she was sent back to Spain then making Jeanne and her mother in law the Dowager Duchess of Orléans
Françoise-Marie de Bourbon
Françoise Marie de Bourbon, Légitimée de France was the youngest legitimised daughter of Louis XIV of France and his maîtresse-en-titre, Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan. Originally known as the second Mademoiselle de Blois, that style eventually gave way to the name Françoise Marie de...
the most senior women at court.
She was popular with the court and noted as being very charming.
In 1725, Louis XV married Marie Leszczyńska, making Jeanne one step behind the new queen in terms of rank and etiquette. She and her husband lived in the Château de Saint-Cloud
Château de Saint-Cloud
The Château de Saint-Cloud was a Palace in France, built on a magnificent site overlooking the Seine at Saint-Cloud in Hauts-de-Seine, about 10 kilometres west of Paris. Today it is a large park on the outskirts of the capital and is owned by the state, but the area as a whole has had a large...
, one of the Orléans' residences, and had also an apartment at the château of Versailles where her son Louis Philippe was born in 1725.
Expecting to give birth to her second child at Versailles in early August 1726, her mother in law Dowager Duchess of Orléans
Françoise-Marie de Bourbon
Françoise Marie de Bourbon, Légitimée de France was the youngest legitimised daughter of Louis XIV of France and his maîtresse-en-titre, Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan. Originally known as the second Mademoiselle de Blois, that style eventually gave way to the name Françoise Marie de...
forced her heavily pregnant daughter in law to return to Paris in order to have the child at the Palais-Royal. Leaving Versailles on 4 August, she had to stop at Sèvres
Sèvres
Sèvres is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris.The town is known for its porcelain manufacture, the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, making the famous Sèvres porcelain, as well as being the location of the International Bureau of Weights...
due to the extremity of her labour pains. Despite the stop, she returned to Paris.
Jeanne died on 8 August 1726, at the age of twenty-two, three days after giving birth to the couple's second child at the Palais-Royal, the Paris residence of the House of Orléans
House of Orleans
Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France, all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's founder, Hugh Capet. It became a tradition during France's ancien régime for the duchy of Orléans to be granted as an appanage to a younger son of the king...
. Despite the shortness of the relationship, many contemporaries said that the couple was well matched and that they had fallen in love at first sight. After her death, her husband went into a long period of mourning. It was said of Jeanne that she had all the great qualities of the heart, that she died with the universal regret of France.
She was buried at the Val-de-Grâce
Val-de-Grâce
This article describes the hospital and former abbey. For the main article on Mansart and Lemercier's central church, see Church of the Val-de-Grâce....
Convent in Paris.
After her death, her aunt by marriage Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans suggested that Louis marry one of her daughters namely Élisabeth Thérèse de Lorraine
Elisabeth Teresa of Lorraine
Élisabeth Thérèse of Lorraine was born a princess of Lorraine and was the last queen consort of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia...
and Anne Charlotte de Lorraine
Princess Anne Charlotte of Lorraine
Anne Charlotte of Lorraine was the Abbess of Remiremont, Mons and Essen. She was the youngest daughter and the youngest of thirteen children of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, and his spouse Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans...
. Louis refused outright, much to the annoyance of his aunt.
Issue
- Louis Philippe d'OrléansLouis Philippe I, Duke of OrléansLouis Philippe d'Orléans known as le Gros , was a French nobleman, a member of a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, the dynasty then ruling France. The First Prince of the Blood after 1752, he was the most senior male at the French court after the immediate royal family. He was the father of...
(12 May 1725 – 18 November 1785) married Louise Henriette de Bourbon. - Louise Marie d'OrléansLouise Marie d'OrléansLouise Marie d'Orléans was a French princess by birth.-Biography:Louise Marie d'Orléans was born at the Palais-Royal to Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans and his Duchess, the Margravine Johanna of Baden-Baden, who died three days after giving birth.Her father was a second cousin of the then King...
(5 August 1726 – 14 May 1728) died in infancy.
Ancestors
Titles and styles
- 10 November 1704 – 13 July 1724 Her Serene Highness Margravine Johanna of Baden-Baden
- 13 July 1724 – 8 August 1726 Her Serene Highness the Duchess of Orléans