Mantyasih Inscription
Encyclopedia
The Mantyasih inscription (also known as Balitung charter and Kedu inscription) is an important inscription found in the village of Mateseh, North Magelang
, Central Java
, Indonesia
. It is dated to 907 and was edicted by King Balitung
from Sanjaya dynasty
, of the Ancient Medang Kingdom. This inscription contains a genealogy of the kings of Medang before King Balitung.
The inscription mentioned that Mantyasih village awarded by King Balitung as sima (tax free) land. In Mateseh village today still can be found stone mortar believed to be used during sima ceremony. Also mentioned about two mountains; Mount Susundara and Wukir Sumbing (today Mount Sundoro
and Sumbing
).
and Sailendra dynasty
that equally ruled the kingdom. The Sanjaya lineage was established by Sri Sanjaya
, the founder of Medang Kingdom whom adheres Shivaist Hinduism
. The next Maharaja was Panangkaran
, that according to him, defeated by the Sailendras. So in Medang there is two dynasty the Sanjayas ruled northern parts of Java, while Sailendras ruled in southern Java. The daughter of Sailendra Maharaja Samaratungga
named Pramodhawardhani married Rakai Pikatan
of Sanjaya, that succeeded his father inlaw's throne. As the result the Sanjaya return to power in Medang. Bosch assumed that the title rakai was dynastic title. The list of Sanjaya kings according Mantyasih inscription according Bosch:
Magelang
Magelang is one of the largest cities of the 1,130 km² Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. It is also the largest town in the Kedu Plain between Mount Merbabu and Mount Sumbing in Central Java, Indonesia...
, Central Java
Central Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. It is dated to 907 and was edicted by King Balitung
Balitung
Sri Maharaja Rakai Watukura Dyah Balitung Sri Dharmodaya Mahasambu was the king of the Kingdom of Mataram. He reigned circa 899–911. His territories included Central Java, East Java, and Bali.- Origin :...
from Sanjaya dynasty
Sanjaya Dynasty
The Sañjaya Dynasty was an ancient Javanese dynasty that ruled the Mataram kingdom in Java during first millennium CE. The dynasty was an active promoter of Hinduism in ancient Java.-Origin and formation:...
, of the Ancient Medang Kingdom. This inscription contains a genealogy of the kings of Medang before King Balitung.
The inscription mentioned that Mantyasih village awarded by King Balitung as sima (tax free) land. In Mateseh village today still can be found stone mortar believed to be used during sima ceremony. Also mentioned about two mountains; Mount Susundara and Wukir Sumbing (today Mount Sundoro
Mount Sundoro
Mount Sindara, Mount Sindoro or Mount Sundoro is an active stratovolcano in Central Java, Indonesia. Parasitic craters and cones are found in the northwest-southern flanks; the largest is called Kembang. A small lava dome occupies the volcano's summit. Historical eruptions mostly mild-to-moderate...
and Sumbing
Mount Sumbing
Mount Sumbing or Gunung Sumbing is an active stratovolcano in Central Java, Indonesia, symmetrical with Sundoro. The only report of historical eruptions is from 1730. It has created a small phreatic crater at the summit....
).
Contents
The inscription was dated 828 Saka (907 CE), this is the part that contains the genealogy list of Medang ruling kings, part B lines 7-9:- ta < 7 > sak rahyang ta rumuhun. sirangbăsa ing wanua. sang mangdyan kahyaňan. sang magawai kadatwan. sang magalagah pomahan. sang tomanggöng susuk. sang tumkeng wanua gana kandi landap nyan paka çapatha kamu. rahyang
- < 8 > ta rumuhun. ri mdang. ri poh pitu. rakai mataram. sang ratu sańjaya. çri mahǎrǎja rakai panangkaran. çri mahǎrǎja rakai panunggalan. çri mahǎrǎja rakai warak. çri mahǎrǎja rakai garung. çri mahǎrǎja rakai pikatan
- < 9 > çri mahǎrǎja rakai kayuwańi. çri mahǎrǎja rakai watuhumalang. lwiha sangkā rikā landap nyān paka çapatha çri mahǎrǎja rakai watukura dyah dharmmodaya mahāçambhu.
Interpretations
Bosch in his book Sriwijaya, de Sailendrawamsa en de Sanjayawamsa (1952) suggest that in Medang Kingdom there were two dynasties Sanjaya dynastySanjaya Dynasty
The Sañjaya Dynasty was an ancient Javanese dynasty that ruled the Mataram kingdom in Java during first millennium CE. The dynasty was an active promoter of Hinduism in ancient Java.-Origin and formation:...
and Sailendra dynasty
Sailendra
Sailendra is the name of an influential Indonesian dynasty that emerged in 8th century Java.The Sailendras were active promoters of Mahayana Buddhism and covered the Kedu Plain of Central Java with Buddhist monuments, including the world famous Borobudur.The Sailendras are considered to be a...
that equally ruled the kingdom. The Sanjaya lineage was established by Sri Sanjaya
Sri Sanjaya
King Sri Sanjaya was the founder of Mataram Kingdom and also the Sanjaya Dynasty during the eighth century. His name was revealed in the AD 732 Sanskrit inscription carved in stone found at the foot of Ukir hill on the southern Kedu Plain in Central Java...
, the founder of Medang Kingdom whom adheres Shivaist Hinduism
Hinduism
Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. Hinduism is known to its followers as , amongst many other expressions...
. The next Maharaja was Panangkaran
Panangkaran
Panangkaran was the ruler of Mataram Kingdom between AD 760—780, the kingdom of which its power centralized on Java island of Indonesia. Crowned as Rakai Panangkaran, he was the immediate successor of Sri Sanjaya, the founder of Sanjaya Dynasty...
, that according to him, defeated by the Sailendras. So in Medang there is two dynasty the Sanjayas ruled northern parts of Java, while Sailendras ruled in southern Java. The daughter of Sailendra Maharaja Samaratungga
Samaratungga
Samaratungga was the head of the Sailendra dynasty who ruled Central Java and Srivijaya in the 8th and the 9th century. He was the successor of King Indra, and his name was mentioned in Karangtengah inscription dated 824 CE as the constructor of a sacred buddhist building called Venuvana to place...
named Pramodhawardhani married Rakai Pikatan
Rakai Pikatan
Rakai Pikatan was a king of the Sanjaya dynasty Medang Kingdom in Central Java who built the Prambanan temple, dedicated to Shiva, which was completed in 856 AD....
of Sanjaya, that succeeded his father inlaw's throne. As the result the Sanjaya return to power in Medang. Bosch assumed that the title rakai was dynastic title. The list of Sanjaya kings according Mantyasih inscription according Bosch:
- Rakai Mataram Sang Ratu SanjayaSri SanjayaKing Sri Sanjaya was the founder of Mataram Kingdom and also the Sanjaya Dynasty during the eighth century. His name was revealed in the AD 732 Sanskrit inscription carved in stone found at the foot of Ukir hill on the southern Kedu Plain in Central Java...
- Sri Maharaja Rakai PanangkaranPanangkaranPanangkaran was the ruler of Mataram Kingdom between AD 760—780, the kingdom of which its power centralized on Java island of Indonesia. Crowned as Rakai Panangkaran, he was the immediate successor of Sri Sanjaya, the founder of Sanjaya Dynasty...
- Sri Maharaja Rakai Panunggalan
- Sri Maharaja Rakai WarakWarakSri Maharaja Rakai Warak was a ruler of the Medang Kingdom of Central Java from approximately 800 to 819.This name is found in the list of kings of Medang in the Mantyasih inscription....
- Sri Maharaja Rakai Garung
- Sri Maharaja Rakai PikatanRakai PikatanRakai Pikatan was a king of the Sanjaya dynasty Medang Kingdom in Central Java who built the Prambanan temple, dedicated to Shiva, which was completed in 856 AD....
- Sri Maharaja Rakai Kayuwangi
- Sri Maharaja Rakai Watuhumalang
- Sri Maharaja Rakai Watukura Dyah Dharmmodaya MahasambhuBalitungSri Maharaja Rakai Watukura Dyah Balitung Sri Dharmodaya Mahasambu was the king of the Kingdom of Mataram. He reigned circa 899–911. His territories included Central Java, East Java, and Bali.- Origin :...
.
See also
- Canggal inscriptionCanggal inscriptionThe Canggal inscription is a Javanese inscription dated to 732, discovered in the Gunung Wukir temple complex in Kadiluwih village, Salam, Magelang Regency, Central Java. The inscription is written in the Pallawa script in the Sanskrit language...
(732) - Kalasan inscriptionKalasan inscriptionThe Kalasan inscription is an inscription dated 700 Saka , discovered in Kalasan village, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The inscription was written in Sanskrit with Pranagari script .-Contents:...
(778) - Kelurak inscriptionKelurak inscriptionThe Kelurak inscription is an inscription dated 704 Saka , written in Sanskrit with Pranagari script, discovered near Lumbung temple in Kelurak village, located not far north of Prambanan temple, Central Java, Indonesia...
(782) - Karangtengah inscriptionKarangtengah inscriptionKarangtengah inscription is the inscriptions written on five pieces of stones dated 746 Saka or 824 CE, discovered in Karangtengah hamlet, Temanggung Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The inscription was written in ancient Javanese script in two languages; Old Javanese and Sanskrit...
(824) - Tri Tepusan inscriptionTri Tepusan inscriptionThe Tri Tepusan inscription is an inscription discovered in Kedu Plain, Temanggung Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, dated from 842 CE. This inscription is linked with Borobudur buddhist monument.-Contents:...
(842) - Shivagrha inscriptionShivagrha inscriptionThe Shivagrha inscription is an inscription from the Medang Kingdom of Central Java, dated in chandrasengkala ”Wwalung gunung sang wiku”, that is, the year 856 CE...
(856)