Majority-minority district
Encyclopedia
A majority-minority district is a United States congressional district in which the majority of the constituents
in the district are racial or ethnic minorities
(as opposed to white non-Hispanics). Whether a district is majority-minority is usually decided by United States Census
data.
Majority-minority districts are often the result of racial gerrymandering
. The value of gerrymandering to create majority-minority districts is a matter of dispute both within and outside of minority communities. Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting
power
of minorities and analogous to racial segregation
; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election
of a minority member of Congress to the House of Representatives
. Majority-minority districts are often the subject of legal case
s examining the constitutionality
of such districts, such as Shaw v. Reno
(1993), Miller v. Johnson
(1995), and Bush v. Vera
(1996)
There is only one African majority congressional district that is represented by a congressman self identified as White
Jewish
. All members of the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) except one are Democratic. Although the bylaws do not specify that membership is open only to black members of congress, prominent members of the CBC has publicly said that they will not welcome non-black members. One Republican African American member of congress, Tim Scott
has elected not to join the CBC. Steve Cohen has made his desire to join publicly known, but has not pursued membership over objections of the one of the founding members of the group. Keith Ellison
is the first Muslim to be elected as a member of Congress.
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ Congressional Districts with African American Majorities or African American Congressmen
|-
! Rank !! Perc. !! State !! District !! 112th Congressional Black Caucus
!! Total 2010 !! Afric. Amer.
|-
|| 1 || 69.3% || Illinois || 2 || Jesse L. Jackson, Jr. || 602,758 || 418,008
|-
|| 2 || 66.5% || Mississippi || 2 || Bennie Thompson || 668,263 || 444,269
|-
|| 3 || 63.5% || Tennessee || 9 || (Jewish) Steve Cohen
|| 610,823 || 387,815
|-
|| 4 || 62.8% || Alabama || 7 || Terri Sewell || 603,352 || 379,083
|-
|| 5 || 62.6% || Illinois || 1 || Bobby Rush || 587,596 || 368,056
|-
|| 6 || 62.1% || New York || 10 || Edolphus Towns || 677,721 || 420,649
|-
|| 7 || 59.8% || Ohio || 11 || Marcia Fudge || 540,432 || 323,174
|-
|| 8 || 59.2% || Michigan || 14 || John Conyers, Jr. – Dean || 550,465 || 325,975
|-
|| 9 || 59.0% || Michigan || 13 || Hansen Clarke || 519,570 || 306,339
|-
|| 10 || 58.8% || Louisiana || 2 || Cedric Richmond || 493,352 || 290,121
|-
|| 11 || 58.5% || Florida || 17 || Frederica Wilson || 655,160 || 383,415
|-
|| 12 || 57.5% || New Jersey || 10 || Donald M. Payne || 634,343 || 364,491
|-
|| 13 || 57.3% || Pennsylvania || 2 || Chaka Fattah || 630,277 || 361,160
|-
|| 14 || 56.8% || Georgia || 13 || David Scott || 784,445 || 445,720
|-
|| 15 || 56.6% || Maryland || 4 || Donna Edwards || 714,316 || 403,991
|-
|| 16 || 56.2% || Maryland || 7 || Elijah Cummings || 659,776 || 370,480
|-
|| 17 || 56.1% || New York || 11 || Yvette Clarke – Secretary || 632,408 || 354,799
|-
|| 18 || 56.1% || Georgia || 4 || Hank Johnson || 665,541 || 373,326
|-
|| 19 || 55.9% || Florida || 23 || Alcee Hastings || 684,107 || 382,691
|-
|| 20 || 55.6% || Missouri || 1 || William Lacy Clay, Jr. || 587,069 || 326,158
|-
|| 21 || 55.3% || Virginia || 3 || Bobby Scott || 663,390 || 367,043
|-
|| 22 || 54.2% || South Carolina || 6 || Jim Clyburn || 682,410 || 369,967
|-
|| 23 || 52.2% || Florida || 3 || Corrine Brown || 659,055 || 344,319
|-
|| 24 || 51.8% || New York || 6 || Gregory Meeks || 651,764 || 337,446
|-
|| 25 || 51.1% || Illinois || 7 || Danny K. Davis || 638,105 || 326,105
|-
|| 26 || 50.7% || District of Columbia || At Large || Eleanor Holmes Norton || 601,723 || 305,125
|-
|| 27 || 50.3% || Georgia || 5 || John Lewis || 630,462 || 317,168
|-
|| 28 || 49.6% || North Carolina || 1 || G. K. Butterfield – 2nd Vice Chair || 635,936 || 315,742
|-
|| 29 || 48.4% || Georgia || 2 || Sanford Bishop || 631,973 || 305,953
|-
|| 31 || 43.9% || North Carolina || 12 || Mel Watt || 736,346 || 323,240
|-
|| 33 || 41.5% || Texas || 30 || Eddie Bernice Johnson || 706,469 || 293,203
|-
|| 35 || 36.8% || Texas || 18 || Sheila Jackson Lee || 720,991 || 265,109
|-
|| 36 || 35.9% || Wisconsin || 4 || Gwen Moore || 669,015 || 240,394
|-
|| 38 || 35.8% || Texas || 9 || Al Green || 733,796 || 262,525
|-
|| 47 || 32.6% || Indiana || 7 || André Carson – Whip || 676,351 || 220,806
|-
|| 48 || 31.8% || New York || 15 || Charles B. Rangel || 639,873 || 203,765
|-
|| 54 || 29.2% || California || 35 || Maxine Waters || 662,413 || 193,648
|-
|| 64 || 25.3% || California || 33 || Karen Bass || 637,122 || 161,233
|-
|| 66 || 25.3% || Missouri || 5 || Emanuel Cleaver – Chair || 633,887 || 160,180
|-
|| 77 || 22.0% || California || 37 || Laura Richardson || 648,847 || 142,623
|-
|| 84 || 20.9% || California || 9 || Barbara Lee || 648,766 || 135,331
|-
|| 89 || 19.9% || South Carolina || 1 || Tim Scott (Republican & not a member of CBC) || 856,956 || 169,918
|-
|| 112 || 15.4% || Minnesota || 5 || Keith Ellison (first Muslim) || 616,482 || 94,990
|-
|| 213 || 7.4% || Florida || 22 || Allen West (Republican) || 694,259 || 51,706
|}
has an Asian majority. Although there are several people of Asian ancestry in the House there has not been a caucus organized similar to the ones organized for African Americans and Hispanics.
The following table was lists the top 20 districts ranked by percent Asian. The number of districts was chosen arbitrarily. Only three states are represented.
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ Top 20 Congressional Districts ranked by people identified as Asian on census form
|-
! Rank !! Perc. !! State !! District !! Total 2010 !! Asian
|-
|| 1 || 52.3% || Hawaii || 1 || 658,672 || 344,397
|-
|| 2 || 36.7% || California || 15 || 677,605 || 248,707
|-
|| 3 || 36.3% || California || 13 || 665,318 || 241,798
|-
|| 4 || 33.8% || California || 12 || 651,322 || 220,118
|-
|| 5 || 32.7% || New York || 5 || 670,130 || 219,312
|-
|| 6 || 31.4% || California || 8 || 666,827 || 209,335
|-
|| 7 || 28.6% || California || 16 || 676,880 || 193,894
|-
|| 8 || 28.0% || California || 29 || 642,138 || 179,651
|-
|| 9 || 25.8% || Hawaii || 2 || 701,629 || 180,681
|-
|| 10 || 22.4% || California || 32 || 642,236 || 143,772
|-
|| 11 || 21.7% || California || 14 || 653,935 || 141,839
|-
|| 12 || 20.7% || California || 40 || 665,653 || 137,837
|-
|| 13 || 20.5% || California || 42 || 667,638 || 136,602
|-
|| 14 || 19.2% || California || 26 || 691,452 || 132,929
|-
|| 15 || 19.0% || California || 48 || 727,833 || 138,204
|-
|| 16 || 19.0% || California || 46 || 648,663 || 123,017
|-
|| 17 || 18.7% || New York || 9 || 660,306 || 123,454
|-
|| 18 || 18.3% || New York || 12 || 672,358 || 123,098
|-
|| 19 || 18.2% || California || 9 || 648,766 || 117,981
|-
|| 20 || 17.1% || California || 47 || 631,422 || 108,238
|}
for Democrats, and Congressional Hispanic Conference
for Republicans. Both groups permit delegates from territories and Senators as well as Congressmen. The Republican Conference also permits Associate members, for Representatives who are not Hispanic themselves, but have significant numbers of Hispanics in their districts. The Democratic Caucus does not permit similar associate members.
Congresswoman Loretta Sánchez
has withdrawn from the Democratic caucus, but her sister Linda T. Sánchez who is also a representative temporarily withdrew, but has since rejoined.
The population data is for the 2010 census, but the congress will redistrict prior to the 2012 election. The percentages will no longer be accurate, and new Hispanic Majority districts may be created.
When a non-hispanic congressmen represents a hispanic majority district, their name and when they began their term of service in congress is indicated. In some cases like Judy May Chu and Maxine Waters
they are members of a significant non-hispanic minority group inside the district. In other cases like Jaime Herrera Beutler or Gene Green
the representative is simply a different ethnicity than many of their constituents.
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ Congressional Districts with Hispanic Majorities or Hispanic Congressmen
|-
! Rank !! Perc. !! State !! District !! Congressional Hispanic C… !! Total 2010 !! Hispanic
|-
|| 1 || 82.5% || Texas || 15 || Caucus (Democrat) || 787,124 || 649,297
|-
|| 2 || 81.5% || Texas || 16 || Caucus (Democrat) || 757,427 || 617,465
|-
|| 3 || 78.9% || Texas || 28 || Caucus (Democrat) || 851,824 || 672,129
|-
|| 4 || 78.7% || California || 34 || Caucus (Democrat) || 654,303 || 515,167
|-
|| 5 || 76.0% || Texas || 29 || Gene Green
(Jan 3, 1993) || 677,032 || 514,861
|-
|| 6 || 75.6% || Florida || 21 || Conference (Republican) || 693,501 || 524,005
|-
|| 7 || 75.4% || California || 38 || Caucus (Democrat) || 641,410 || 483,490
|-
|| 8 || 73.5% || Illinois || 4 || Caucus (Democrat) || 601,156 || 442,018
|-
|| 9 || 73.2% || Texas || 27 || Conference (Republican) || 741,993 || 543,306
|-
|| 10 || 71.6% || Florida || 25 || Conference (Republican) || 807,176 || 577,998
|-
|| 11 || 71.5% || Texas || 20 || Caucus (Democrat) || 711,705 || 509,208
|-
|| 12 || 70.4% || California || 20 || Caucus (Democrat) || 744,350 || 523,705
|-
|| 13 || 69.4% || California || 43 || Caucus (Democrat) || 735,581 || 510,693
|-
|| 14 || 68.2% || California || 31 || Caucus (Democrat) || 611,336 || 417,183
|-
|| 15 || 67.6% || California || 47 || Caucus (Democrat) - withdrawn || 631,422 || 426,869
|-
|| 16 || 66.9% || Florida || 18 || Conference (Republican) || 712,790 || 476,672
|-
|| 17 || 66.5% || New York || 16 || Caucus (Democrat) || 693,819 || 461,580
|-
|| 18 || 66.5% || California || 39 || Caucus (Democrat) || 643,115 || 427,353
|-
|| 19 || 66.4% || Texas || 23 || Conference (Republican) || 847,651 || 562,913
|-
|| 20 || 64.2% || California || 32 || Judy May Chu (Jul 19th 2009) || 642,236 || 412,275
|-
|| 21 || 63.9% || Arizona || 4 || Caucus (Democrat) || 698,314 || 446,159
|-
|| 22 || 62.4% || California || 51 || Bob Filner
(Jan 3, 1993) || 757,891 || 473,224
|-
|| 23 || 57.5% || California || 28 || Howard Berman
(Jan 3, 2003) || 660,194 || 379,697
|-
|| 24 || 56.0% || Arizona || 7 || Caucus (Democrat) || 855,769 || 479,014
|-
|| 25 || 54.5% || California || 35 || Maxine Waters
(Jan 3, 1991) || 662,413 || 360,796
|-
|| 26 || 52.7% || California || 18 || Caucus (Democrat) || 723,607 || 381,039
|-
|| 27 || 51.8% || New Mexico || 2 || Conference (Republican) Associate || 663,956 || 343,856
|-
|| 28 || 51.2% || California || 21 || Conference (Republican) || 784,176 || 401,194
|-
|| 29 || 50.6% || New Jersey || 13 || Caucus (Democrat) || 684,965 || 346,294
|-
|| 30 || 50.4% || California || 17 || Sam Farr
(Jun 8, 1993) || 664,240 || 334,955
|-
|| 35 || 45.2% || California || 45 || Conference (Republican) Associate || 914,209 || 413,441
|-
|| 36 || 44.6% || New York || 12 || Caucus (Democrat) || 672,358 || 299,572
|-
|| 40 || 42.4% || Texas || 32 || Conference (Republican) Associate || 640,419 || 271,442
|-
|| 46 || 39.0% || New Mexico || 3 || Caucus (Democrat) || 693,284 || 270,117
|-
|| 57 || 33.8% || Texas || 19 || Conference (Republican) Associate || 698,137 || 235,973
|-
|| 107 || 20.8% || Arizona || 2 || Conference (Republican) Associate || 972,839 || 202,001
|-
|| 213 || 9.9% || Idaho || 1 || Conference (Republican) || 841,930 || 83,326
|-
|| 255 || 7.4% || Washington || 3 || Conference (Republican) || 779,348 || 57,604
|}
Electoral district
An electoral district is a distinct territorial subdivision for holding a separate election for one or more seats in a legislative body...
in the district are racial or ethnic minorities
Minority group
A minority is a sociological group within a demographic. The demographic could be based on many factors from ethnicity, gender, wealth, power, etc. The term extends to numerous situations, and civilizations within history, despite the misnomer of minorities associated with a numerical statistic...
(as opposed to white non-Hispanics). Whether a district is majority-minority is usually decided by United States Census
United States Census
The United States Census is a decennial census mandated by the United States Constitution. The population is enumerated every 10 years and the results are used to allocate Congressional seats , electoral votes, and government program funding. The United States Census Bureau The United States Census...
data.
Majority-minority districts are often the result of racial gerrymandering
Gerrymandering
In the process of setting electoral districts, gerrymandering is a practice that attempts to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating geographic boundaries to create partisan, incumbent-protected districts...
. The value of gerrymandering to create majority-minority districts is a matter of dispute both within and outside of minority communities. Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting
Voting
Voting is a method for a group such as a meeting or an electorate to make a decision or express an opinion—often following discussions, debates, or election campaigns. It is often found in democracies and republics.- Reasons for voting :...
power
Political power
Political power is a type of power held by a group in a society which allows administration of some or all of public resources, including labour, and wealth. There are many ways to obtain possession of such power. At the nation-state level political legitimacy for political power is held by the...
of minorities and analogous to racial segregation
Racial segregation
Racial segregation is the separation of humans into racial groups in daily life. It may apply to activities such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a public toilet, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or purchase of a home...
; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election
Election
An election is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy operates since the 17th century. Elections may fill offices in the legislature, sometimes in the...
of a minority member of Congress to the House of Representatives
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate.The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the Constitution...
. Majority-minority districts are often the subject of legal case
Legal case
A legal case is a dispute between opposing parties resolved by a court, or by some equivalent legal process. A legal case may be either civil or criminal...
s examining the constitutionality
Constitutionality
Constitutionality is the condition of acting in accordance with an applicable constitution. Acts that are not in accordance with the rules laid down in the constitution are deemed to be ultra vires.-See also:*ultra vires*Company law*Constitutional law...
of such districts, such as Shaw v. Reno
Shaw v. Reno
Shaw v. Reno, 509 U.S. 630 , was a United States Supreme Court case argued on April 20, 1993. The ruling was significant in the area of redistricting and racial gerrymandering. The court ruled in a 5-4 decision that redistricting based on race must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny under the...
(1993), Miller v. Johnson
Miller v. Johnson
Miller v. Johnson, 515 U.S. 900 , was a United States Supreme Court case concerning "affirmative gerrymandering/racial gerrymandering", where racial minority majority electoral districts are created during redistricting to increase minority Congressional representation.The case was brought to court...
(1995), and Bush v. Vera
Bush v. Vera
Bush v. Vera, 517 U.S. 952 , was a United States Supreme Court case concerning racial gerrymandering, where racial minority majority-electoral districts were created during Texas' 1990 redistricting to increase minority Congressional representation...
(1996)
African-American majority
Population Data is from 2010 Census Data Congress will redistrict prior to the 2012 elections, so the percentages will not be correct after redistricting.There is only one African majority congressional district that is represented by a congressman self identified as White
White people
White people is a term which usually refers to human beings characterized, at least in part, by the light pigmentation of their skin...
Jewish
Judaism
Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...
. All members of the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) except one are Democratic. Although the bylaws do not specify that membership is open only to black members of congress, prominent members of the CBC has publicly said that they will not welcome non-black members. One Republican African American member of congress, Tim Scott
Tim Scott (politician)
Timothy Eugene "Tim" Scott is the U.S. Representative for . Elected in November 2010 to the 112th Congress, he and Allen West of Florida are the first Republican African-American Representatives from the South since Reconstruction, and the first Republican African-American members of Congress...
has elected not to join the CBC. Steve Cohen has made his desire to join publicly known, but has not pursued membership over objections of the one of the founding members of the group. Keith Ellison
Keith Ellison
Keith Ellison may refer to:*Keith Ellison *Keith Ellison , member of the U.S. Congress from Minnesota*Keith P. Ellison, U.S. federal judge...
is the first Muslim to be elected as a member of Congress.
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ Congressional Districts with African American Majorities or African American Congressmen
|-
! Rank !! Perc. !! State !! District !! 112th Congressional Black Caucus
Congressional Black Caucus
The Congressional Black Caucus is an organization representing the black members of the United States Congress. Membership is exclusive to blacks, and its chair in the 112th Congress is Representative Emanuel Cleaver of Missouri.-Aims:...
!! Total 2010 !! Afric. Amer.
|-
|| 1 || 69.3% || Illinois || 2 || Jesse L. Jackson, Jr. || 602,758 || 418,008
|-
|| 2 || 66.5% || Mississippi || 2 || Bennie Thompson || 668,263 || 444,269
|-
|| 3 || 63.5% || Tennessee || 9 || (Jewish) Steve Cohen
Steve Cohen
Stephen Ira Cohen is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 2007. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Tennessee's 9th district includes almost three-fourths of Memphis. Cohen is Tennessee's first Jewish congressman....
|| 610,823 || 387,815
|-
|| 4 || 62.8% || Alabama || 7 || Terri Sewell || 603,352 || 379,083
|-
|| 5 || 62.6% || Illinois || 1 || Bobby Rush || 587,596 || 368,056
|-
|| 6 || 62.1% || New York || 10 || Edolphus Towns || 677,721 || 420,649
|-
|| 7 || 59.8% || Ohio || 11 || Marcia Fudge || 540,432 || 323,174
|-
|| 8 || 59.2% || Michigan || 14 || John Conyers, Jr. – Dean || 550,465 || 325,975
|-
|| 9 || 59.0% || Michigan || 13 || Hansen Clarke || 519,570 || 306,339
|-
|| 10 || 58.8% || Louisiana || 2 || Cedric Richmond || 493,352 || 290,121
|-
|| 11 || 58.5% || Florida || 17 || Frederica Wilson || 655,160 || 383,415
|-
|| 12 || 57.5% || New Jersey || 10 || Donald M. Payne || 634,343 || 364,491
|-
|| 13 || 57.3% || Pennsylvania || 2 || Chaka Fattah || 630,277 || 361,160
|-
|| 14 || 56.8% || Georgia || 13 || David Scott || 784,445 || 445,720
|-
|| 15 || 56.6% || Maryland || 4 || Donna Edwards || 714,316 || 403,991
|-
|| 16 || 56.2% || Maryland || 7 || Elijah Cummings || 659,776 || 370,480
|-
|| 17 || 56.1% || New York || 11 || Yvette Clarke – Secretary || 632,408 || 354,799
|-
|| 18 || 56.1% || Georgia || 4 || Hank Johnson || 665,541 || 373,326
|-
|| 19 || 55.9% || Florida || 23 || Alcee Hastings || 684,107 || 382,691
|-
|| 20 || 55.6% || Missouri || 1 || William Lacy Clay, Jr. || 587,069 || 326,158
|-
|| 21 || 55.3% || Virginia || 3 || Bobby Scott || 663,390 || 367,043
|-
|| 22 || 54.2% || South Carolina || 6 || Jim Clyburn || 682,410 || 369,967
|-
|| 23 || 52.2% || Florida || 3 || Corrine Brown || 659,055 || 344,319
|-
|| 24 || 51.8% || New York || 6 || Gregory Meeks || 651,764 || 337,446
|-
|| 25 || 51.1% || Illinois || 7 || Danny K. Davis || 638,105 || 326,105
|-
|| 26 || 50.7% || District of Columbia || At Large || Eleanor Holmes Norton || 601,723 || 305,125
|-
|| 27 || 50.3% || Georgia || 5 || John Lewis || 630,462 || 317,168
|-
|| 28 || 49.6% || North Carolina || 1 || G. K. Butterfield – 2nd Vice Chair || 635,936 || 315,742
|-
|| 29 || 48.4% || Georgia || 2 || Sanford Bishop || 631,973 || 305,953
|-
|| 31 || 43.9% || North Carolina || 12 || Mel Watt || 736,346 || 323,240
|-
|| 33 || 41.5% || Texas || 30 || Eddie Bernice Johnson || 706,469 || 293,203
|-
|| 35 || 36.8% || Texas || 18 || Sheila Jackson Lee || 720,991 || 265,109
|-
|| 36 || 35.9% || Wisconsin || 4 || Gwen Moore || 669,015 || 240,394
|-
|| 38 || 35.8% || Texas || 9 || Al Green || 733,796 || 262,525
|-
|| 47 || 32.6% || Indiana || 7 || André Carson – Whip || 676,351 || 220,806
|-
|| 48 || 31.8% || New York || 15 || Charles B. Rangel || 639,873 || 203,765
|-
|| 54 || 29.2% || California || 35 || Maxine Waters || 662,413 || 193,648
|-
|| 64 || 25.3% || California || 33 || Karen Bass || 637,122 || 161,233
|-
|| 66 || 25.3% || Missouri || 5 || Emanuel Cleaver – Chair || 633,887 || 160,180
|-
|| 77 || 22.0% || California || 37 || Laura Richardson || 648,847 || 142,623
|-
|| 84 || 20.9% || California || 9 || Barbara Lee || 648,766 || 135,331
|-
|| 89 || 19.9% || South Carolina || 1 || Tim Scott (Republican & not a member of CBC) || 856,956 || 169,918
|-
|| 112 || 15.4% || Minnesota || 5 || Keith Ellison (first Muslim) || 616,482 || 94,990
|-
|| 213 || 7.4% || Florida || 22 || Allen West (Republican) || 694,259 || 51,706
|}
Asian majority
Only Hawaii's 1st congressional districtHawaii's 1st congressional district
Hawaii's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The district encompasses the urban areas of the City and County of Honolulu, a consolidated city-county that is coextensive with the island of Oahu. The district includes Oahu's central plains and southern...
has an Asian majority. Although there are several people of Asian ancestry in the House there has not been a caucus organized similar to the ones organized for African Americans and Hispanics.
The following table was lists the top 20 districts ranked by percent Asian. The number of districts was chosen arbitrarily. Only three states are represented.
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ Top 20 Congressional Districts ranked by people identified as Asian on census form
|-
! Rank !! Perc. !! State !! District !! Total 2010 !! Asian
|-
|| 1 || 52.3% || Hawaii || 1 || 658,672 || 344,397
|-
|| 2 || 36.7% || California || 15 || 677,605 || 248,707
|-
|| 3 || 36.3% || California || 13 || 665,318 || 241,798
|-
|| 4 || 33.8% || California || 12 || 651,322 || 220,118
|-
|| 5 || 32.7% || New York || 5 || 670,130 || 219,312
|-
|| 6 || 31.4% || California || 8 || 666,827 || 209,335
|-
|| 7 || 28.6% || California || 16 || 676,880 || 193,894
|-
|| 8 || 28.0% || California || 29 || 642,138 || 179,651
|-
|| 9 || 25.8% || Hawaii || 2 || 701,629 || 180,681
|-
|| 10 || 22.4% || California || 32 || 642,236 || 143,772
|-
|| 11 || 21.7% || California || 14 || 653,935 || 141,839
|-
|| 12 || 20.7% || California || 40 || 665,653 || 137,837
|-
|| 13 || 20.5% || California || 42 || 667,638 || 136,602
|-
|| 14 || 19.2% || California || 26 || 691,452 || 132,929
|-
|| 15 || 19.0% || California || 48 || 727,833 || 138,204
|-
|| 16 || 19.0% || California || 46 || 648,663 || 123,017
|-
|| 17 || 18.7% || New York || 9 || 660,306 || 123,454
|-
|| 18 || 18.3% || New York || 12 || 672,358 || 123,098
|-
|| 19 || 18.2% || California || 9 || 648,766 || 117,981
|-
|| 20 || 17.1% || California || 47 || 631,422 || 108,238
|}
Hispanic majority
Congress has two groups for Hispanic congressmen. The Congressional Hispanic CaucusCongressional Hispanic Caucus
The Congressional Hispanic Caucus comprises 21 Democratic members of the United States Congress most of whom are of Hispanic origin. The Caucus is dedicated to voicing and advancing, through the legislative process, issues affecting Hispanics and Latinos in the United States and Puerto Rico...
for Democrats, and Congressional Hispanic Conference
Congressional Hispanic Conference
The Congressional Hispanic Conference is a Republican Party-controlled caucus in the United States Congress. The CHC was formed in 2003, with the stated goal of promoting policy outcomes of importance to Americans of Hispanic or Latino and Portuguese descent. These priorities included support of...
for Republicans. Both groups permit delegates from territories and Senators as well as Congressmen. The Republican Conference also permits Associate members, for Representatives who are not Hispanic themselves, but have significant numbers of Hispanics in their districts. The Democratic Caucus does not permit similar associate members.
Congresswoman Loretta Sánchez
Loretta Sanchez
Loretta Sanchez is the U.S. Representative for , and previously the 46th, serving since 2003. She is a member of the Democratic Party, and a member of the Blue Dog Coalition. The district lies in central Orange County....
has withdrawn from the Democratic caucus, but her sister Linda T. Sánchez who is also a representative temporarily withdrew, but has since rejoined.
The population data is for the 2010 census, but the congress will redistrict prior to the 2012 election. The percentages will no longer be accurate, and new Hispanic Majority districts may be created.
When a non-hispanic congressmen represents a hispanic majority district, their name and when they began their term of service in congress is indicated. In some cases like Judy May Chu and Maxine Waters
Maxine Waters
Maxine Waters is the U.S. Representative for , and previously the 29th district, serving since 1991. She is a member of the Democratic Party....
they are members of a significant non-hispanic minority group inside the district. In other cases like Jaime Herrera Beutler or Gene Green
Gene Green
Raymond Eugene "Gene" Green is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1993. He is a member of the Democratic Party...
the representative is simply a different ethnicity than many of their constituents.
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ Congressional Districts with Hispanic Majorities or Hispanic Congressmen
|-
! Rank !! Perc. !! State !! District !! Congressional Hispanic C… !! Total 2010 !! Hispanic
|-
|| 1 || 82.5% || Texas || 15 || Caucus (Democrat) || 787,124 || 649,297
|-
|| 2 || 81.5% || Texas || 16 || Caucus (Democrat) || 757,427 || 617,465
|-
|| 3 || 78.9% || Texas || 28 || Caucus (Democrat) || 851,824 || 672,129
|-
|| 4 || 78.7% || California || 34 || Caucus (Democrat) || 654,303 || 515,167
|-
|| 5 || 76.0% || Texas || 29 || Gene Green
Gene Green
Raymond Eugene "Gene" Green is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1993. He is a member of the Democratic Party...
(Jan 3, 1993) || 677,032 || 514,861
|-
|| 6 || 75.6% || Florida || 21 || Conference (Republican) || 693,501 || 524,005
|-
|| 7 || 75.4% || California || 38 || Caucus (Democrat) || 641,410 || 483,490
|-
|| 8 || 73.5% || Illinois || 4 || Caucus (Democrat) || 601,156 || 442,018
|-
|| 9 || 73.2% || Texas || 27 || Conference (Republican) || 741,993 || 543,306
|-
|| 10 || 71.6% || Florida || 25 || Conference (Republican) || 807,176 || 577,998
|-
|| 11 || 71.5% || Texas || 20 || Caucus (Democrat) || 711,705 || 509,208
|-
|| 12 || 70.4% || California || 20 || Caucus (Democrat) || 744,350 || 523,705
|-
|| 13 || 69.4% || California || 43 || Caucus (Democrat) || 735,581 || 510,693
|-
|| 14 || 68.2% || California || 31 || Caucus (Democrat) || 611,336 || 417,183
|-
|| 15 || 67.6% || California || 47 || Caucus (Democrat) - withdrawn || 631,422 || 426,869
|-
|| 16 || 66.9% || Florida || 18 || Conference (Republican) || 712,790 || 476,672
|-
|| 17 || 66.5% || New York || 16 || Caucus (Democrat) || 693,819 || 461,580
|-
|| 18 || 66.5% || California || 39 || Caucus (Democrat) || 643,115 || 427,353
|-
|| 19 || 66.4% || Texas || 23 || Conference (Republican) || 847,651 || 562,913
|-
|| 20 || 64.2% || California || 32 || Judy May Chu (Jul 19th 2009) || 642,236 || 412,275
|-
|| 21 || 63.9% || Arizona || 4 || Caucus (Democrat) || 698,314 || 446,159
|-
|| 22 || 62.4% || California || 51 || Bob Filner
Bob Filner
Robert Earl Filner is the U.S. Representative for , and previously the 50th, serving since 1993, and Chairman of the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs since 2007. He is a member of the Democratic Party...
(Jan 3, 1993) || 757,891 || 473,224
|-
|| 23 || 57.5% || California || 28 || Howard Berman
Howard Berman
Howard Lawrence Berman is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 2003. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He earlier served in the California State Assembly from 1974 to 1982, and as the U.S...
(Jan 3, 2003) || 660,194 || 379,697
|-
|| 24 || 56.0% || Arizona || 7 || Caucus (Democrat) || 855,769 || 479,014
|-
|| 25 || 54.5% || California || 35 || Maxine Waters
Maxine Waters
Maxine Waters is the U.S. Representative for , and previously the 29th district, serving since 1991. She is a member of the Democratic Party....
(Jan 3, 1991) || 662,413 || 360,796
|-
|| 26 || 52.7% || California || 18 || Caucus (Democrat) || 723,607 || 381,039
|-
|| 27 || 51.8% || New Mexico || 2 || Conference (Republican) Associate || 663,956 || 343,856
|-
|| 28 || 51.2% || California || 21 || Conference (Republican) || 784,176 || 401,194
|-
|| 29 || 50.6% || New Jersey || 13 || Caucus (Democrat) || 684,965 || 346,294
|-
|| 30 || 50.4% || California || 17 || Sam Farr
Sam Farr
Samuel S. "Sam" Farr is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1993. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was elected to Congress in a 1993 special election when longtime Democratic Rep...
(Jun 8, 1993) || 664,240 || 334,955
|-
|| 35 || 45.2% || California || 45 || Conference (Republican) Associate || 914,209 || 413,441
|-
|| 36 || 44.6% || New York || 12 || Caucus (Democrat) || 672,358 || 299,572
|-
|| 40 || 42.4% || Texas || 32 || Conference (Republican) Associate || 640,419 || 271,442
|-
|| 46 || 39.0% || New Mexico || 3 || Caucus (Democrat) || 693,284 || 270,117
|-
|| 57 || 33.8% || Texas || 19 || Conference (Republican) Associate || 698,137 || 235,973
|-
|| 107 || 20.8% || Arizona || 2 || Conference (Republican) Associate || 972,839 || 202,001
|-
|| 213 || 9.9% || Idaho || 1 || Conference (Republican) || 841,930 || 83,326
|-
|| 255 || 7.4% || Washington || 3 || Conference (Republican) || 779,348 || 57,604
|}
African American plurality, majority non-white
- Florida's 3rd congressional districtFlorida's 3rd congressional districtFlorida's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Florida. The district includes portions of Alachua, Clay, Duval, Lake, Marion, Orange, Putnam, Seminole, and Volusia counties....
- Missouri's 1st congressional districtMissouri's 1st congressional districtMissouri's first congressional district is in the eastern portion of the state. It includes much of Northern St. Louis City and St. Louis County....
- Texas's 9th congressional districtTexas's 9th congressional district-References:*...
- Texas's 18th congressional districtTexas's 18th congressional districtTexas District 18 of the United States House of Representatives is a Congressional district that serves much of inner city Houston and the surrounding area...
Hispanic plurality, majority non-white
- California's 16th congressional districtCalifornia's 16th congressional districtCalifornia's 16th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California that covers part of Santa Clara County and includes much of central San Jose.The district is currently represented by Democrat Zoe Lofgren....
- California's 18th congressional districtCalifornia's 18th congressional districtCalifornia's 18th congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of California. The district is located in the northern San Joaquin Valley and includes the cities of Modesto, Stockton, Ceres, Atwater, Merced and Los Banos...
- California's 33rd congressional districtCalifornia's 33rd congressional districtCalifornia's 33rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California based in Los Angeles County. The district encompasses the incorporated city of Culver City , unincorporated areas such as Ladera Heights, and some of the western neighborhoods within the city of Los...
- California's 35th congressional districtCalifornia's 35th congressional districtCalifornia's 35th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California based in Los Angeles County. The district is composed of parts of the Westchester District of the City of Los Angeles and the neighborhoods of Inglewood, Hawthorne, Gardena and Florence-Graham, as...
- California's 37th congressional districtCalifornia's 37th congressional districtCalifornia's 37th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California based in Los Angeles County. The district encompasses most of Long Beach and Compton as well as Carson, Signal Hill, and parts of other adjacent municipalities and neighborhoods in Greater Los...
- New York's 12th congressional districtNew York's 12th congressional districtNew York's 12th Congressional District is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in New York City. It includes parts of Brooklyn, Queens, and Manhattan...
- New York's 15th congressional districtNew York's 15th congressional districtNew York's 15th Congressional District is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in New York City. It is composed of Upper Manhattan, Rikers Island and a largely non-residential section of northwestern Queens on the shore of the East River mostly occupied...
- Texas's 30th congressional districtTexas's 30th congressional districtTexas District 30 of the United States House of Representatives is a Congressional district that serves much of the city of Dallas and other parts of Dallas County . The current Representative from District 30 is Democrat Eddie Bernice Johnson, who has represented the district since its creation in...
White plurality, combined minority majority
- California's 7th congressional districtCalifornia's 7th congressional districtCalifornia's 7th congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of California that covers half of Contra Costa County and part of Solano County...
- California's 8th congressional districtCalifornia's 8th congressional districtCalifornia's 8th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California that covers most of the city and county of San Francisco except for the southwestern parts of the city which are included in the 12th Congressional District....
- California's 9th congressional districtCalifornia's 9th congressional districtCalifornia's 9th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California that covers a significant portion of the East Bay portion of the San Francisco Bay Area...
- California's 12th congressional districtCalifornia's 12th congressional districtCalifornia's 12th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California that spans from the southwestern portions of San Francisco in the north down to San Mateo in the south, and from Moss Beach in the west to the edge of San Mateo in the east, where it borders...
- California's 13th congressional districtCalifornia's 13th congressional districtCalifornia's 13th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California that includes portions of Alameda and Santa Clara counties.The district is currently represented by Democrat Fortney "Pete" Stark.-Voting:...
- California's 15th congressional districtCalifornia's 15th congressional districtCalifornia's 15th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California that covers part of Santa Clara County west of San Jose and includes the cities of Los Gatos and Cupertino in Silicon Valley...
- California's 17th congressional districtCalifornia's 17th congressional districtCalifornia's 17th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California that covers all of Monterey and San Benito counties, as well as part of Santa Cruz County...
- California's 21st congressional districtCalifornia's 21st congressional districtCalifornia's 21st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California that covers all of Tulare County and the eastern half of Fresno County.The district is currently represented by Republican Devin Nunes.-Demographics:...
- California's 23rd congressional districtCalifornia's 23rd congressional districtCalifornia's 23rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California that runs along the Pacific coasts of Ventura, Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties...
- California's 27th congressional districtCalifornia's 27th congressional districtCalifornia's 27th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California based in Los Angeles County. The district includes a large portion of the San Fernando Valley and Burbank, as well as the communities of Northridge and Reseda in the Greater Los Angeles Area.The...
- California's 29th congressional districtCalifornia's 29th congressional districtCalifornia's 29th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California based in Los Angeles County. The district takes in Alhambra, San Gabriel, Burbank, Glendale, South Pasadena, Temple City, Monterey Park, and Pasadena in Greater Los Angeles.The district is...
- California's 36th congressional districtCalifornia's 36th congressional districtCalifornia's 36th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California based in Los Angeles County. The district covers most of the coastal communities of Redondo Beach, Manhattan Beach, Torrance, El Segundo, Venice, Wilmington, and San Pedro in Greater Los Angeles.The...
- California's 40th congressional districtCalifornia's 40th congressional districtCalifornia's 40th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California based in Orange County. The district covers cities in the northern part of the county, including Fullerton, Orange, Cypress, Stanton, and Buena Park....
- Florida's 11th congressional districtFlorida's 11th congressional districtFlorida's 11th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Florida that encompasses most of the city of Tampa and its suburbs and the shoreline of southeastern Hillsborough County. It also includes two areas in other counties: urban neighborhoods of south St...
- Georgia's 13th congressional districtGeorgia's 13th congressional districtGeorgia's 13th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. The district is located in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area and encircles the city and includes Smyrna, Mableton, Douglasville, and Union City....
- Hawaii's 2nd congressional districtHawaii's 2nd congressional districtHawaii's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The district encompasses all rural and most suburban areas that are part of the City and County of Honolulu, which covers all of the island of Oahu...
- New York's 5th congressional districtNew York's 5th congressional districtThe 5th Congressional District of New York is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives that lies along the North Shore of Long Island. It consists of northeastern Queens County and northwestern Nassau County. The Queens portion of the district includes the...
- New York's 17th congressional districtNew York's 17th congressional districtNew York's 17th Congressional District is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in Southern New York. It encompasses portions of the Bronx, Westchester County, and Rockland County...
- North Carolina's 12th congressional districtNorth Carolina's 12th congressional districtNorth Carolina's 12th congressional district is located in central North Carolina and comprises portions of Charlotte, Winston-Salem, Greensboro, Lexington, Salisbury, Concord, and High Point...
External links
- Use of Racial Data in Redistricting - Background Paper Prepared for the Minnesota LegislatureMinnesota LegislatureThe Minnesota Legislature is the legislative branch of government in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is a bicameral legislature located at the Minnesota Capitol in Saint Paul and it consists of two houses: the lower Minnesota House of Representatives and the Minnesota Senate...
Subcommittee on Geographic Information Systems - Majority-Minority Voting Districts and Their Role in Politics: Their Advantages, Their Drawbacks, and the Current Law
- Voting wrongs - racial reapportionment
- Race and Redistricting: The Shaw-Cromartie Cases
- The Electoral Competitiveness of Majority-Minority Districts