VietnamVietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east...
is a multi-ethnic country with over fifty distinct groups (54 are recognized by the Vietnamese government), each with its own language, lifestyle, and cultural heritage. Many of the local ethnic groups are known collectively in the West as Montagnard or
DegarThe Degar are the indigenous peoples of the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The term Montagnard means "mountain people" in French and is a carryover from the French colonial period in Vietnam. In Vietnamese, they are known by the term thượng - this term can also be applied to other minority ethnic...
. The largest ethnic groups are:
KinhThe Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from what is now northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
(Viet) 86.2%,
TayThe Tày people speak a language of the Central Tai language group, and live in northern Vietnam. They are sometimes also called Thô, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di....
1.9%,
TaiTai may refer to the*Tai ethnic groups*Tai languagesOther meanings include*Tai , a Chinese surname*Tai, Nigeria, a local government area in Rivers State, Nigeria*Mount Tai, in Shandong, China...
Ethnic 1.7%,
MườngThe Mường is the third largest of Vietnam’s 53 minority groups, with an estimated population of 1.2 million. The Muong people inhabit the mountainous region of northern Vietnam, concentrated in Hoa Binh Province and the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa Province. They are most closely related to...
1.5%,
Khmer KromThe Khmer Krom - Khmer people living in the Delta and the Lower Mekong area. Mostly regarded as the indigenous ethnic Khmer minority living in southern Vietnam...
(Khơ Me Crộm) 1.4%,
HoaHoa refers to a minority in Vietnam consisting of persons considered to be ethnic Chinese . They are often referred to as either Chinese Vietnamese, Sino-Vietnamese, or ethnic Chinese in/from Vietnam by the Vietnamese populace, Overseas Vietnamese, and other ethnic Chinese...
1.1%,
NùngThe Nùng are an ethnic minority in Vietnam. In China, the Nùng, together with the Tày, are classified as Zhuang people.-Description:The population of the Nùng is estimated to be more than 700,000...
1.1%,
HmongThe terms Mong and Hmong refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of southeast Asia. Hmong are also one of the largest sub-groups in the Miao minzu population in southern China. Hmong groups began a gradual southward migration in the 18th century due to political unrest and to...
1%, others 4.1% (1999 census).
Discussion
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VietnamVietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east...
is a multi-ethnic country with over fifty distinct groups (54 are recognized by the Vietnamese government), each with its own language, lifestyle, and cultural heritage. Many of the local ethnic groups are known collectively in the West as Montagnard or
DegarThe Degar are the indigenous peoples of the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The term Montagnard means "mountain people" in French and is a carryover from the French colonial period in Vietnam. In Vietnamese, they are known by the term thượng - this term can also be applied to other minority ethnic...
. The largest ethnic groups are:
KinhThe Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from what is now northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
(Viet) 86.2%,
TayThe Tày people speak a language of the Central Tai language group, and live in northern Vietnam. They are sometimes also called Thô, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di....
1.9%,
TaiTai may refer to the*Tai ethnic groups*Tai languagesOther meanings include*Tai , a Chinese surname*Tai, Nigeria, a local government area in Rivers State, Nigeria*Mount Tai, in Shandong, China...
Ethnic 1.7%,
MườngThe Mường is the third largest of Vietnam’s 53 minority groups, with an estimated population of 1.2 million. The Muong people inhabit the mountainous region of northern Vietnam, concentrated in Hoa Binh Province and the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa Province. They are most closely related to...
1.5%,
Khmer KromThe Khmer Krom - Khmer people living in the Delta and the Lower Mekong area. Mostly regarded as the indigenous ethnic Khmer minority living in southern Vietnam...
(Khơ Me Crộm) 1.4%,
HoaHoa refers to a minority in Vietnam consisting of persons considered to be ethnic Chinese . They are often referred to as either Chinese Vietnamese, Sino-Vietnamese, or ethnic Chinese in/from Vietnam by the Vietnamese populace, Overseas Vietnamese, and other ethnic Chinese...
1.1%,
NùngThe Nùng are an ethnic minority in Vietnam. In China, the Nùng, together with the Tày, are classified as Zhuang people.-Description:The population of the Nùng is estimated to be more than 700,000...
1.1%,
HmongThe terms Mong and Hmong refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of southeast Asia. Hmong are also one of the largest sub-groups in the Miao minzu population in southern China. Hmong groups began a gradual southward migration in the 18th century due to political unrest and to...
1%, others 4.1% (1999 census). The Vietnamese term for ethnic group is
người thiểu số or
dân tộc thiểu số (literally "minority people").
Alphabetical list
- Ba Na
The Bahnar are an ethnic group of Vietnam living primarily in the Central Highland provinces of Gia Lai and Kon Tum, as well as the coastal provinces of Bình Định and Phú Yên...
(Bahnar)
- Bố Y
The Buyei are an ethnic group living in southern mainland China. Numbering 2.5 million, they are the 11th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China...
(Buyei)
- Brâu
The Brau people are an ethnic group living in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. In Vietnam, most Brau live in Kon Tum, and the population was 313 in 1999. They speak a Mon-Khmer language.The Brau have only two surnames: Thao and Nang...
- Bru-Vân Kiều
- Chăm
The Cham people are an ethnic group in Southeast Asia. They are concentrated between the Kampong Cham Province in Cambodia and central Vietnam's Phan Rang-Thap Cham, Phan Thiet, Ho Chi Minh City and An Giang areas. Approximately 4,000 Chams also live in Thailand; many of whom have moved south to...
- Descendants of the Champa kingdom in southern Vietnam
- Chơ Ro
The Cho Ro are a Mon-Khmer ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Cho Ro live in the Đồng Nai, Bình Dương, Bình Phước, Bình Thuận, Lâm Đồng, and Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu provinces. The population was 22 567 in 1999....
- Chu Ru
The Churu people live in Lâm Đồng province, in Vietnam's Central Highlands. The group's population is approximately 15,000. They speak a Malayo-Polynesian language.During the French colonial period the most influential highland leaders in the Da Lat area were Churu...
(Chru)
- Chứt
The Chut are a small ethnic group located in the Minh Hóa and Tuyên Hóa districts of Quảng Bình Province, in Vietnam's North Central Coast. There are multiple sub-ethnic groups within the Chut designation including the Rục, Mày, Arem, Mã Liêng, and Sách. These groups all speak the Chut language...
- related to Vietnamese, only 2000-4000 people
- Co
The Cor are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most Cor live in the Quảng Ngãi and Quảng Nam provinces of South Central Vietnam, and number approximately including 27,766 ....
- Cờ Ho
The K'Ho are an ethnic group living in the Lâm Đồng province of Vietnam's Central Highlands. They speak a Mon-Khmer language.The Lạch people, a group of K'Ho, is the indigeneous group of Lâm Đồng...
- Cờ Lao
The Gelao people are an ethnic group of China and Vietnam. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
(Gelao)
- Cơ Tu
The Co Tu are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Co Tu live in the provinces of Thừa Thiên -Huế and Quảng Nam. The population is 50 458 in 1999...
- Cống
The Cống are an indigenous people of 1,676 living in Vietnam.They speak the Cong language, a Tibeto-Burman language. The community is divided into several different clans, or lineages, each with its own taboos and customs for ancestor worship...
(Cong)
- Dao
The Yao nationality is a government classification for various minorities in China. They form one of the 55 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where they reside in the mountainous terrain of the southwest and south...
- Yao people, also known as Mien, many speak Iu Mien languageThe Iu Mien language is one of the main languages spoken by the Yao people in China, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and more recently the United States.There are about 900,000 speakers in total....
, distant relatives of HmongThe terms Mong and Hmong refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of southeast Asia. Hmong are also one of the largest sub-groups in the Miao minzu population in southern China. Hmong groups began a gradual southward migration in the 18th century due to political unrest and to...
- Ê Đê
The E De are an ethnic group of the Hill Cham agglomeration of southern Vietnam .-Language:...
(Rhade)
- Gia Rai
The Jarai is an ethnic group based primarily in Vietnam's Central Highlands. The Jarai language is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family...
(Jarai, J'rai)
- Giáy
The Giáy are an ethnic group in Vietnam.The Giay speak a Tai language. Most live in the Lào Cai, Hà Giang, Lai Châu, and Cao Bằng provinces of northern Vietnam. The population was 49,098 in 1999....
- Giẻ Triêng
The Gie Trieng people are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Gie Trieng live in the province of Kon Tum, in Vietnam's Central Highlands region, and in 1999 the population was 30,243...
- Hà Nhì
right|thumb|240px|Typical daily attire of ethnic Hani in China. Near [[Yuanyang County, Yunnan|Yuanyang]], [[Yunnan]] Province, [[China]] The Hani people are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They also form one of the 54...
(Hani)
- H'Mông
The terms Mong and Hmong refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of southeast Asia. Hmong are also one of the largest sub-groups in the Miao minzu population in southern China. Hmong groups began a gradual southward migration in the 18th century due to political unrest and to...
(Hmong, Hơ-mông, Mong; formerly known as Mèo) - Also known as Miao in China
- Hoa
Hoa refers to a minority in Vietnam consisting of persons considered to be ethnic Chinese . They are often referred to as either Chinese Vietnamese, Sino-Vietnamese, or ethnic Chinese in/from Vietnam by the Vietnamese populace, Overseas Vietnamese, and other ethnic Chinese...
(Chinese)
- Hrê
The H're people are an ethnic group of Vietnam, speaking a language in the Mon-Khmer family. Most H're live in the Quảng Ngãi and Bình Định provinces of Vietnam's South Central Coast, and number approximately 113,111 ....
(H're)
- Kháng
The Khang people are one of indigenious group in northwestern Vietnam. As of 1999, their population was 10,272.Most Khang live in the Sơn La and Lai Châu provinces of northwestern Vietnam....
- Khmer Krom
The Khmer Krom - Khmer people living in the Delta and the Lower Mekong area. Mostly regarded as the indigenous ethnic Khmer minority living in southern Vietnam...
(Khmer, Khơ Me Crộm)
- Khơ Mú
The Khmu or Khammu is one of the largest ethnic groups based in northern Laos. They can also be found in Myanmar, southwest China , Thailand, and Vietnam, where they are an officially recognized ethnic group...
(Khmu)
- Kinh
The Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from what is now northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
(also called Viet, the largest ethnic group in Vietnam)
- La Chí
The La Chi people live in the Hà Giang and Lào Cai provinces of northeastern Vietnam. Their population is approximately 10,765 people . They speak a language in the Kradai language group....
- La Ha
The La Ha are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most La Ha live in the Yên Bái and Sơn La provinces, and number approximately 5,686 people . They speak a language in the Kradai language family....
- La Hủ
The Lahu people are an ethnic group of Southeast Asia and China.They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where about 450,000 live in Yunnan province. An estimated 150,000 live in Burma...
- Lao
The Lao are an ethnic subgroup of Tai/Dai in Southeast Asia. The vast majority of Lao people live in Laos .-Names:...
- People from LaosLaos , officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and People's Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
- Lô Lô
The Yi people are a modern ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand...
(Lo Lo, Yi)
- Lự
The Lu people are an ethnic group of Vietnam, China, and Thailand. In Vietnam, most Lu live in the Lai Chau Province, and their population was 4,964 in 1999. In China, they are officially recognized as part of the Dai ethnic group. They speak a Tai language.Lu is the indigenous people in Mường Thanh...
- Mạ
The Ma are a Mon-Khmer-speaking ethnic group in Vietnam ....
- Mảng
The Mang are an ethnic group living primarily in Vietnam, where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups...
- M'Nông
The Mnong or M'nong are an ethnic group from Vietnam . They can be subdivided into three groups:...
- Mường
The Mường is the third largest of Vietnam’s 53 minority groups, with an estimated population of 1.2 million. The Muong people inhabit the mountainous region of northern Vietnam, concentrated in Hoa Binh Province and the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa Province. They are most closely related to...
- Closest to Kinh Vietnamese, the other main part of the Viet-Muong branch of the VieticThe Vietic languages are a branch of the Austroasiatic language family. Vietnamese was identified as an Austroasiatic language in the mid nineteenth century, and there is now evidence for...
sub-family
- Ngái
The Ngái are an ethnic group in Vietnam and other nearby countries of mainland Southeast Asia. The Ngái are Chinese-speaking but are classified separately from the urban ethnic Chinese or Hoa....
(Chinese, separately classified from Hoa)
- Nùng
The Nùng are an ethnic minority in Vietnam. In China, the Nùng, together with the Tày, are classified as Zhuang people.-Description:The population of the Nùng is estimated to be more than 700,000...
- Ơ Đu
The Ơ Đu are an aboriginal ethnic group in Vietnam and Laos. Their total population is more than 570.-Name variation:The Ơ Đu are also commonly referred to as O'Du, O Du, Iduh, Tay Hat, Hat, and Haat.-Culture:...
- Pà Thẻn
The Pa Then are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most Pa Then live in the Hà Giang and Tuyên Quang provinces in the northern part of Vietnam's northeastern region...
- Phù Lá
The Phù Lá are an ethnic group of Vietnam and China. Most Phù Lá live in the Lào Cai province of northeastern Vietnam, and their population in Vietnam is approximately 9,046...
- Pu Péo
The Qabiao people are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Qabiao live in Hà Giang, and the total population was 705 in 1999.They have a scared forest reserving swear....
- Ra Glai
The Raglai are an ethnic group of Vietnam. They are related to the Cham, with a population of approximately 97,000...
(Raglai)
- Rơ Măm
The Rơ Măm people are a small ethnic group in Vietnam . They speak a language in the Central Bahnaric branch of the Mon-Khmer family.-External links:*...
- Sán Chay
The San Chay people live in the Tuyên Quang province of northeastern Vietnam, as well as some nearby provinces. They speak a Tai language. Their population was 147,315 in 1999....
(San Chay, Cao Lan)
- Sán Dìu
The Sán Dìu is an ethnic group in northern Vietnam. They are believed to have migrated from Guangdong around 1600 CE....
(San Diu, Chinese, separately classified from Hoa)
- Si La
The Si La are an ethnic group of about 1,800 people living in northern Laos and another 600 living in the Lai Chau province of northwestern Vietnam....
- Tà Ôi
The Tà Ôi is an ethnic group of Vietnam . They speak a Mon-Khmer language and concentrate in A Lưới district of Thừa Thiên-Huế province and Hương Hóa district of Quảng Trị province....
(Ta Oi)
- Tày
The Tày people speak a language of the Central Tai language group, and live in northern Vietnam. They are sometimes also called Thô, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di....
(Tay) - The largest minority in Vietnam
- Thái
The Thai are the main ethnic group of Thailand and are part of the larger Tai ethnolinguistic peoples found in Thailand and adjacent countries in Southeast Asia as well as southern China. Their language is the Thai language, which is classified as part of the Kradai family of languages, and the...
(Thai)
- Thổ
The Thổ ethnic group inhabits the mountainous regions of Northern Vietnam, mainly Nghệ An province southwest of Hanoi. They speak the Tho language, which is closely related to Vietnamese...
(Tho) - Related to Kinh Vietnamese
- Xinh Mun
The Xinh Mun is an ethnic group living primarily in the provinces of Sơn La and Lai Chau, in northwestern Vietnam...
(Xinh-mun)
- Xơ Đăng
The Xo Dang are an ethnic group of Vietnam.Their main source of income is farming. They are also known to be involved with raising cattle and poultry.Religiously, they are largely animistic...
(Sedang, Xo Dang)
- Xtiêng
The Stieng people are an ethnic group of Vietnam and Cambodia. They speak a language in the Bahnaric group of the Mon-Khmer languages.Most Stieng live in the Binh Duong Province and Dong Nai Province of southeastern Vietnam...
(Stieng)
Listed by language group
- Mon-Khmer
The Mon-Khmer languages are the autochthonous language family of Southeast Asia. Together with the Munda languages of India, they are one of the two traditional primary branches of the Austroasiatic family...
- KinhThe Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from what is now northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
(Viet), Ba NaThe Bahnar are an ethnic group of Vietnam living primarily in the Central Highland provinces of Gia Lai and Kon Tum, as well as the coastal provinces of Bình Định and Phú Yên...
(Bahnar), BrâuThe Brau people are an ethnic group living in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. In Vietnam, most Brau live in Kon Tum, and the population was 313 in 1999. They speak a Mon-Khmer language.The Brau have only two surnames: Thao and Nang...
, Bru-Vân Kiều, Chơ RoThe Cho Ro are a Mon-Khmer ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Cho Ro live in the Đồng Nai, Bình Dương, Bình Phước, Bình Thuận, Lâm Đồng, and Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu provinces. The population was 22 567 in 1999....
, ChứtThe Chut are a small ethnic group located in the Minh Hóa and Tuyên Hóa districts of Quảng Bình Province, in Vietnam's North Central Coast. There are multiple sub-ethnic groups within the Chut designation including the Rục, Mày, Arem, Mã Liêng, and Sách. These groups all speak the Chut language...
, CoThe Cor are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most Cor live in the Quảng Ngãi and Quảng Nam provinces of South Central Vietnam, and number approximately including 27,766 ....
, Cờ HoThe K'Ho are an ethnic group living in the Lâm Đồng province of Vietnam's Central Highlands. They speak a Mon-Khmer language.The Lạch people, a group of K'Ho, is the indigeneous group of Lâm Đồng...
, Cơ TuThe Co Tu are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Co Tu live in the provinces of Thừa Thiên -Huế and Quảng Nam. The population is 50 458 in 1999...
, Giẻ TriêngThe Gie Trieng people are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Gie Trieng live in the province of Kon Tum, in Vietnam's Central Highlands region, and in 1999 the population was 30,243...
, HrêThe H're people are an ethnic group of Vietnam, speaking a language in the Mon-Khmer family. Most H're live in the Quảng Ngãi and Bình Định provinces of Vietnam's South Central Coast, and number approximately 113,111 ....
(H're), KhángThe Khang people are one of indigenious group in northwestern Vietnam. As of 1999, their population was 10,272.Most Khang live in the Sơn La and Lai Châu provinces of northwestern Vietnam....
, Khmer KromThe Khmer Krom - Khmer people living in the Delta and the Lower Mekong area. Mostly regarded as the indigenous ethnic Khmer minority living in southern Vietnam...
(Khmer, Khơ Me Crộm), Khơ MúThe Khmu or Khammu is one of the largest ethnic groups based in northern Laos. They can also be found in Myanmar, southwest China , Thailand, and Vietnam, where they are an officially recognized ethnic group...
(Khmu), MạThe Ma are a Mon-Khmer-speaking ethnic group in Vietnam ....
, MảngThe Mang are an ethnic group living primarily in Vietnam, where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups...
, M'NôngThe Mnong or M'nong are an ethnic group from Vietnam . They can be subdivided into three groups:...
, MườngThe Mường is the third largest of Vietnam’s 53 minority groups, with an estimated population of 1.2 million. The Muong people inhabit the mountainous region of northern Vietnam, concentrated in Hoa Binh Province and the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa Province. They are most closely related to...
, Ơ ĐuThe Ơ Đu are an aboriginal ethnic group in Vietnam and Laos. Their total population is more than 570.-Name variation:The Ơ Đu are also commonly referred to as O'Du, O Du, Iduh, Tay Hat, Hat, and Haat.-Culture:...
, Rơ MămThe Rơ Măm people are a small ethnic group in Vietnam . They speak a language in the Central Bahnaric branch of the Mon-Khmer family.-External links:*...
, Tà ÔiThe Tà Ôi is an ethnic group of Vietnam . They speak a Mon-Khmer language and concentrate in A Lưới district of Thừa Thiên-Huế province and Hương Hóa district of Quảng Trị province....
(Ta Oi), ThổThe Thổ ethnic group inhabits the mountainous regions of Northern Vietnam, mainly Nghệ An province southwest of Hanoi. They speak the Tho language, which is closely related to Vietnamese...
(Tho), Xinh MunThe Xinh Mun is an ethnic group living primarily in the provinces of Sơn La and Lai Chau, in northwestern Vietnam...
(Xinh-mun), Xơ ĐăngThe Xo Dang are an ethnic group of Vietnam.Their main source of income is farming. They are also known to be involved with raising cattle and poultry.Religiously, they are largely animistic...
(Sedang, Xo Dang), and XtiêngThe Stieng people are an ethnic group of Vietnam and Cambodia. They speak a language in the Bahnaric group of the Mon-Khmer languages.Most Stieng live in the Binh Duong Province and Dong Nai Province of southeastern Vietnam...
(Stieng).
- Tay-Thai - Bố Y
The Buyei are an ethnic group living in southern mainland China. Numbering 2.5 million, they are the 11th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China...
(Buyei), GiáyThe Giáy are an ethnic group in Vietnam.The Giay speak a Tai language. Most live in the Lào Cai, Hà Giang, Lai Châu, and Cao Bằng provinces of northern Vietnam. The population was 49,098 in 1999....
, LaoThe Lao are an ethnic subgroup of Tai/Dai in Southeast Asia. The vast majority of Lao people live in Laos .-Names:...
, LựThe Lu people are an ethnic group of Vietnam, China, and Thailand. In Vietnam, most Lu live in the Lai Chau Province, and their population was 4,964 in 1999. In China, they are officially recognized as part of the Dai ethnic group. They speak a Tai language.Lu is the indigenous people in Mường Thanh...
, NùngThe Nùng are an ethnic minority in Vietnam. In China, the Nùng, together with the Tày, are classified as Zhuang people.-Description:The population of the Nùng is estimated to be more than 700,000...
, Sán ChayThe San Chay people live in the Tuyên Quang province of northeastern Vietnam, as well as some nearby provinces. They speak a Tai language. Their population was 147,315 in 1999....
(San Chay, Cao Lan), TàyThe Tày people speak a language of the Central Tai language group, and live in northern Vietnam. They are sometimes also called Thô, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di....
(Tay), and TháiThe Thai are the main ethnic group of Thailand and are part of the larger Tai ethnolinguistic peoples found in Thailand and adjacent countries in Southeast Asia as well as southern China. Their language is the Thai language, which is classified as part of the Kradai family of languages, and the...
(Thai)
- Tibeto-Burman
The Tibeto-Burman family of languages is spoken in various central, east, south and southeast Asian countries, including Burma , Tibet, northern Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, parts of central China , northern parts of Nepal, eastern parts of Bangladesh , Bhutan, northern parts of...
- CốngThe Cống are an indigenous people of 1,676 living in Vietnam.They speak the Cong language, a Tibeto-Burman language. The community is divided into several different clans, or lineages, each with its own taboos and customs for ancestor worship...
(Cong), Hà Nhìright|thumb|240px|Typical daily attire of ethnic Hani in China. Near [[Yuanyang County, Yunnan|Yuanyang]], [[Yunnan]] Province, [[China]] The Hani people are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They also form one of the 54...
(Hani), La HủThe Lahu people are an ethnic group of Southeast Asia and China.They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where about 450,000 live in Yunnan province. An estimated 150,000 live in Burma...
, Lô LôThe Yi people are a modern ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand...
(Lo Lo, Yi), Phù LáThe Phù Lá are an ethnic group of Vietnam and China. Most Phù Lá live in the Lào Cai province of northeastern Vietnam, and their population in Vietnam is approximately 9,046...
, and Si LaThe Si La are an ethnic group of about 1,800 people living in northern Laos and another 600 living in the Lai Chau province of northwestern Vietnam....
- Malayo-Polynesian
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 351 million speakers. These are widely dispersed throughout the island nations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia...
- ChămThe Cham people are an ethnic group in Southeast Asia. They are concentrated between the Kampong Cham Province in Cambodia and central Vietnam's Phan Rang-Thap Cham, Phan Thiet, Ho Chi Minh City and An Giang areas. Approximately 4,000 Chams also live in Thailand; many of whom have moved south to...
, Chu RuThe Churu people live in Lâm Đồng province, in Vietnam's Central Highlands. The group's population is approximately 15,000. They speak a Malayo-Polynesian language.During the French colonial period the most influential highland leaders in the Da Lat area were Churu...
(Chru), Ê ĐêThe E De are an ethnic group of the Hill Cham agglomeration of southern Vietnam .-Language:...
(Rhade), Gia RaiThe Jarai is an ethnic group based primarily in Vietnam's Central Highlands. The Jarai language is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family...
(Jarai, J'rai), and Ra GlaiThe Raglai are an ethnic group of Vietnam. They are related to the Cham, with a population of approximately 97,000...
(Raglai)
- Kadai - Cờ Lao
The Gelao people are an ethnic group of China and Vietnam. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
(Gelao), La ChíThe La Chi people live in the Hà Giang and Lào Cai provinces of northeastern Vietnam. Their population is approximately 10,765 people . They speak a language in the Kradai language group....
, La HaThe La Ha are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most La Ha live in the Yên Bái and Sơn La provinces, and number approximately 5,686 people . They speak a language in the Kradai language family....
, and Pu PéoThe Qabiao people are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Qabiao live in Hà Giang, and the total population was 705 in 1999.They have a scared forest reserving swear....
- Mong-Dao - Dao
The Yao nationality is a government classification for various minorities in China. They form one of the 55 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where they reside in the mountainous terrain of the southwest and south...
(Yao), H'MôngThe terms Mong and Hmong refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of southeast Asia. Hmong are also one of the largest sub-groups in the Miao minzu population in southern China. Hmong groups began a gradual southward migration in the 18th century due to political unrest and to...
(Hmong, Hơ-mông, Mong; formerly known as Mèo), and Pà ThẻnThe Pa Then are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most Pa Then live in the Hà Giang and Tuyên Quang provinces in the northern part of Vietnam's northeastern region...
- Han - Hoa
Hoa refers to a minority in Vietnam consisting of persons considered to be ethnic Chinese . They are often referred to as either Chinese Vietnamese, Sino-Vietnamese, or ethnic Chinese in/from Vietnam by the Vietnamese populace, Overseas Vietnamese, and other ethnic Chinese...
(Chinese), NgáiThe Ngái are an ethnic group in Vietnam and other nearby countries of mainland Southeast Asia. The Ngái are Chinese-speaking but are classified separately from the urban ethnic Chinese or Hoa....
, and Sán DìuThe Sán Dìu is an ethnic group in northern Vietnam. They are believed to have migrated from Guangdong around 1600 CE....
(San Diu)
Listed by population (as of the 1999 census)
- Kinh
The Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from what is now northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
(also called Viet, the largest ethnic group in Vietnam) 86.2%
- Tày
The Tày people speak a language of the Central Tai language group, and live in northern Vietnam. They are sometimes also called Thô, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di....
(Tay) - The largest minority in Vietnam 1.9%
- Thái
The Thai are the main ethnic group of Thailand and are part of the larger Tai ethnolinguistic peoples found in Thailand and adjacent countries in Southeast Asia as well as southern China. Their language is the Thai language, which is classified as part of the Kradai family of languages, and the...
(Thai) 1.7%
- Mường
The Mường is the third largest of Vietnam’s 53 minority groups, with an estimated population of 1.2 million. The Muong people inhabit the mountainous region of northern Vietnam, concentrated in Hoa Binh Province and the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa Province. They are most closely related to...
- Closest to Kinh Vietnamese, other half of Viet-Muong language family 1.5%
- Khmer Krom
The Khmer Krom - Khmer people living in the Delta and the Lower Mekong area. Mostly regarded as the indigenous ethnic Khmer minority living in southern Vietnam...
(Khmer, Khơ Me Crộm) 1.4%
- Hoa
Hoa refers to a minority in Vietnam consisting of persons considered to be ethnic Chinese . They are often referred to as either Chinese Vietnamese, Sino-Vietnamese, or ethnic Chinese in/from Vietnam by the Vietnamese populace, Overseas Vietnamese, and other ethnic Chinese...
(Chinese) 1.1%
- Nùng
The Nùng are an ethnic minority in Vietnam. In China, the Nùng, together with the Tày, are classified as Zhuang people.-Description:The population of the Nùng is estimated to be more than 700,000...
1.1%
- H'Mông
The terms Mong and Hmong refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of southeast Asia. Hmong are also one of the largest sub-groups in the Miao minzu population in southern China. Hmong groups began a gradual southward migration in the 18th century due to political unrest and to...
(Hmong, Hơ-mông, Mong; formerly known as Mèo) - Also known as Miao in China 1%
- Dao
The Yao nationality is a government classification for various minorities in China. They form one of the 55 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where they reside in the mountainous terrain of the southwest and south...
- Yao people, also known as Mien, many speak Iu Mien languageThe Iu Mien language is one of the main languages spoken by the Yao people in China, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and more recently the United States.There are about 900,000 speakers in total....
, distant relatives of HmongThe terms Mong and Hmong refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of southeast Asia. Hmong are also one of the largest sub-groups in the Miao minzu population in southern China. Hmong groups began a gradual southward migration in the 18th century due to political unrest and to...
- Gia Rai
The Jarai is an ethnic group based primarily in Vietnam's Central Highlands. The Jarai language is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family...
(Jarai, J'rai)
- Ê Đê
The E De are an ethnic group of the Hill Cham agglomeration of southern Vietnam .-Language:...
(Rhade)
- Ba Na
The Bahnar are an ethnic group of Vietnam living primarily in the Central Highland provinces of Gia Lai and Kon Tum, as well as the coastal provinces of Bình Định and Phú Yên...
(Bahnar)
- Sán Chay
The San Chay people live in the Tuyên Quang province of northeastern Vietnam, as well as some nearby provinces. They speak a Tai language. Their population was 147,315 in 1999....
(San Chay, Cao Lan)
- Chăm
The Cham people are an ethnic group in Southeast Asia. They are concentrated between the Kampong Cham Province in Cambodia and central Vietnam's Phan Rang-Thap Cham, Phan Thiet, Ho Chi Minh City and An Giang areas. Approximately 4,000 Chams also live in Thailand; many of whom have moved south to...
- Descendants of the Champa kingdom in southern Vietnam
- Xơ Đăng
The Xo Dang are an ethnic group of Vietnam.Their main source of income is farming. They are also known to be involved with raising cattle and poultry.Religiously, they are largely animistic...
(Sedang, Xo Dang)
- Sán Dìu
The Sán Dìu is an ethnic group in northern Vietnam. They are believed to have migrated from Guangdong around 1600 CE....
(San Diu)
- Hrê
The H're people are an ethnic group of Vietnam, speaking a language in the Mon-Khmer family. Most H're live in the Quảng Ngãi and Bình Định provinces of Vietnam's South Central Coast, and number approximately 113,111 ....
(H're)
- Cờ Ho
The K'Ho are an ethnic group living in the Lâm Đồng province of Vietnam's Central Highlands. They speak a Mon-Khmer language.The Lạch people, a group of K'Ho, is the indigeneous group of Lâm Đồng...
- Ra Glai
The Raglai are an ethnic group of Vietnam. They are related to the Cham, with a population of approximately 97,000...
(Raglai)
- M'Nông
The Mnong or M'nong are an ethnic group from Vietnam . They can be subdivided into three groups:...
- Thổ
The Thổ ethnic group inhabits the mountainous regions of Northern Vietnam, mainly Nghệ An province southwest of Hanoi. They speak the Tho language, which is closely related to Vietnamese...
(Tho) - Related to Kinh Vietnamese
- Xtiêng
The Stieng people are an ethnic group of Vietnam and Cambodia. They speak a language in the Bahnaric group of the Mon-Khmer languages.Most Stieng live in the Binh Duong Province and Dong Nai Province of southeastern Vietnam...
(Stieng)
- Khơ Mú
The Khmu or Khammu is one of the largest ethnic groups based in northern Laos. They can also be found in Myanmar, southwest China , Thailand, and Vietnam, where they are an officially recognized ethnic group...
(Khmu)
- Bru-Vân Kiều
- Giáy
The Giáy are an ethnic group in Vietnam.The Giay speak a Tai language. Most live in the Lào Cai, Hà Giang, Lai Châu, and Cao Bằng provinces of northern Vietnam. The population was 49,098 in 1999....
- Cơ Tu
The Co Tu are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Co Tu live in the provinces of Thừa Thiên -Huế and Quảng Nam. The population is 50 458 in 1999...
- Giẻ Triêng
The Gie Trieng people are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Gie Trieng live in the province of Kon Tum, in Vietnam's Central Highlands region, and in 1999 the population was 30,243...
- Tà Ôi
The Tà Ôi is an ethnic group of Vietnam . They speak a Mon-Khmer language and concentrate in A Lưới district of Thừa Thiên-Huế province and Hương Hóa district of Quảng Trị province....
(Ta Oi)
- Mạ
The Ma are a Mon-Khmer-speaking ethnic group in Vietnam ....
- Co
The Cor are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most Cor live in the Quảng Ngãi and Quảng Nam provinces of South Central Vietnam, and number approximately including 27,766 ....
- Chơ Ro
The Cho Ro are a Mon-Khmer ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Cho Ro live in the Đồng Nai, Bình Dương, Bình Phước, Bình Thuận, Lâm Đồng, and Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu provinces. The population was 22 567 in 1999....
- Hà Nhì
right|thumb|240px|Typical daily attire of ethnic Hani in China. Near [[Yuanyang County, Yunnan|Yuanyang]], [[Yunnan]] Province, [[China]] The Hani people are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They also form one of the 54...
(Hani)
- Xinh Mun
The Xinh Mun is an ethnic group living primarily in the provinces of Sơn La and Lai Chau, in northwestern Vietnam...
(Xinh-mun)
- Chu Ru
The Churu people live in Lâm Đồng province, in Vietnam's Central Highlands. The group's population is approximately 15,000. They speak a Malayo-Polynesian language.During the French colonial period the most influential highland leaders in the Da Lat area were Churu...
(Chru)
- Lao
The Lao are an ethnic subgroup of Tai/Dai in Southeast Asia. The vast majority of Lao people live in Laos .-Names:...
- People from Laos
- La Chí
The La Chi people live in the Hà Giang and Lào Cai provinces of northeastern Vietnam. Their population is approximately 10,765 people . They speak a language in the Kradai language group....
- Phù Lá
The Phù Lá are an ethnic group of Vietnam and China. Most Phù Lá live in the Lào Cai province of northeastern Vietnam, and their population in Vietnam is approximately 9,046...
- La Hủ
The Lahu people are an ethnic group of Southeast Asia and China.They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where about 450,000 live in Yunnan province. An estimated 150,000 live in Burma...
- Kháng
The Khang people are one of indigenious group in northwestern Vietnam. As of 1999, their population was 10,272.Most Khang live in the Sơn La and Lai Châu provinces of northwestern Vietnam....
- Lự
The Lu people are an ethnic group of Vietnam, China, and Thailand. In Vietnam, most Lu live in the Lai Chau Province, and their population was 4,964 in 1999. In China, they are officially recognized as part of the Dai ethnic group. They speak a Tai language.Lu is the indigenous people in Mường Thanh...
- Pà Thẻn
The Pa Then are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most Pa Then live in the Hà Giang and Tuyên Quang provinces in the northern part of Vietnam's northeastern region...
- Lô Lô
The Yi people are a modern ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand...
(Lo Lo, Yi)
- Chứt
The Chut are a small ethnic group located in the Minh Hóa and Tuyên Hóa districts of Quảng Bình Province, in Vietnam's North Central Coast. There are multiple sub-ethnic groups within the Chut designation including the Rục, Mày, Arem, Mã Liêng, and Sách. These groups all speak the Chut language...
- related to Vietnamese, only 2000-4000 people
- Mảng
The Mang are an ethnic group living primarily in Vietnam, where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups...
- Cờ Lao
The Gelao people are an ethnic group of China and Vietnam. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
(Gelao)
- Bố Y
The Buyei are an ethnic group living in southern mainland China. Numbering 2.5 million, they are the 11th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China...
(Buyei)
- La Ha
The La Ha are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most La Ha live in the Yên Bái and Sơn La provinces, and number approximately 5,686 people . They speak a language in the Kradai language family....
- Cống
The Cống are an indigenous people of 1,676 living in Vietnam.They speak the Cong language, a Tibeto-Burman language. The community is divided into several different clans, or lineages, each with its own taboos and customs for ancestor worship...
(Cong)
- Ngái
The Ngái are an ethnic group in Vietnam and other nearby countries of mainland Southeast Asia. The Ngái are Chinese-speaking but are classified separately from the urban ethnic Chinese or Hoa....
- Si La
The Si La are an ethnic group of about 1,800 people living in northern Laos and another 600 living in the Lai Chau province of northwestern Vietnam....
- Pu Péo
The Qabiao people are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Qabiao live in Hà Giang, and the total population was 705 in 1999.They have a scared forest reserving swear....
- Brâu
The Brau people are an ethnic group living in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. In Vietnam, most Brau live in Kon Tum, and the population was 313 in 1999. They speak a Mon-Khmer language.The Brau have only two surnames: Thao and Nang...
- Rơ Măm
The Rơ Măm people are a small ethnic group in Vietnam . They speak a language in the Central Bahnaric branch of the Mon-Khmer family.-External links:*...
- Ơ Đu
The Ơ Đu are an aboriginal ethnic group in Vietnam and Laos. Their total population is more than 570.-Name variation:The Ơ Đu are also commonly referred to as O'Du, O Du, Iduh, Tay Hat, Hat, and Haat.-Culture:...
Ethnic groups not included in official list
- Nguồn - possibly Mường group, officially classified as a Việt (Kinh) group by the government, Nguồn themselves identify with Việt ethnicity; their language is a member of the Viet-Muong branch of the Vietic
The Vietic languages are a branch of the Austroasiatic language family. Vietnamese was identified as an Austroasiatic language in the mid nineteenth century, and there is now evidence for...
sub-family
- People of Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus Mountains , and the Black Sea to the southeast...
an, North AmericanNorth American generally refers to an entity, people, group, or attribute of North America, especially of the United States and Canada together.-Culture:*North American English, a collective term used to describe American English and Canadian English...
, AustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the continental mainland , the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans...
n, and Asian (non-Vietnamese) origin. Many people of these origins are temporary residents in Vietnam as expatriateAn expatriate is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country and culture other than that of the person's upbringing or legal residence...
workers and some are permanently settled there, some through marriage. Included in permanent settlers are Europeans of French descentFrench people can refer to:* The legal residents and citizens of France, regardless of ancestry. For a legal discussion, see French nationality law.* People whose ancestors lived in France or the area that later became France....
, who are descendants of the colonial settlers. Most of them left after its independence.
Sources
External links
See also
- Demographics of Vietnam
This article is about the demographic features of the population of Vietnam, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population....
- Vietnam#Demographics