List of Canna species
Encyclopedia
Canna species
have been categorised by two different taxonomists in the course of the last three decades. They are Paul Maas
, from the Netherlands
and Nobuyuki Tanaka
from Japan
. Both reduced the number of species from the 50-100 that had been accepted previously, and assigned most to being synonyms. Inevitably, there are some differences in their categorisations, and the individual articles on the species describes those differences.
The reduction in numbers is also confirmed by work done by Kress and Prince at the Smithsonian Institution, however, this only covers a subset of the species range..
The Taxomic revision of the family Cannaceae in the New World and Asia, by Dr Tanaka. is the latest authoritative reference, allied with the proposal to conserve the name Canna tuerckheimii over C. latifolia. The most exhaustive work on Canna synonyms is that in the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) .
treasures of the world.
The problem then became one of identifying the specimens. The capitals and places of learning in the major countries of the world all had botanical garden
s and private nurseries and collectors, all intent on discovering and naming new species.
Initially the early taxonomists only had the written word with which to communicate and letters, written in Latin, might take weeks to complete their journeys. Black-and-white photography eased the communication difficulty and the invention of the telephone and colour photography, and more recently the World Wide Web have meant that places of learning can now communicate freely and much of the duplication of names has been resolved.
The list below shows the extent of the duplication in naming that has occurred in the past, and follows the WCSP Canna checklist.
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
have been categorised by two different taxonomists in the course of the last three decades. They are Paul Maas
Paulus Johannes Maria Maas
Paulus Johannes Maria Maas is a botanist from the Netherlands and a specialist in the flora of the neotropics. Maas has identified and named about two hundred fifty plants from the Burmanniaceae, the Costus Family , the Gentian Family , the Bloodwort Family , the Banana Family , the Olacaceae, the...
, from the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
and Nobuyuki Tanaka
Nobuyuki Tanaka
Nobuyuki Tanaka is an economic botanist at the Tokyo Metropolitan University, the Makino Botanical Garden in Kōchi prefecture, Japan and the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , Japan....
from Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. Both reduced the number of species from the 50-100 that had been accepted previously, and assigned most to being synonyms. Inevitably, there are some differences in their categorisations, and the individual articles on the species describes those differences.
The reduction in numbers is also confirmed by work done by Kress and Prince at the Smithsonian Institution, however, this only covers a subset of the species range..
The Taxomic revision of the family Cannaceae in the New World and Asia, by Dr Tanaka. is the latest authoritative reference, allied with the proposal to conserve the name Canna tuerckheimii over C. latifolia. The most exhaustive work on Canna synonyms is that in the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) .
List of species
The following list is based on the Taxomic revision of the family Cannaceae in the New World and Asia, by Dr Tanaka. and the proposal to conserve the name Canna tuerckheimii over C. latifolia.
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Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... (Kraenzl.) Nb.Tanaka Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... (A.Dietr.) Nb.Tanaka Canna iridiflora Canna iridiflora Ruiz & Pav. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of Peru, Columbia and Costa Rica at altitudes of 1,800-2,850 m . It was introduced to England in 1816 . Not to be confused with C. iridiflora Wild., which is a synonym for C... Ruiz & Pav. Canna jacobiniflora Canna jacobiniflora is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of Argentina and only recently discovered .... T. Koyama & Nb. Tanaka Canna jaegeriana Canna jaegeriana Urb. is a species of canna from high altitudes, characterized by a combination of the following characters: generally curved, orange, small flowers with free part of staminodes erect, floral bracts mostly caducous, and upper side of leaves often dark brown to black in herbarium... Ignatz Urban Canna liliiflora Canna liliiflora Warsc. ex Planch. is a species of the Canna genus, a member of the family Cannaceae, and a native of Bolivia. It is a perennial growing to 3m. It is hardy to zone 10 and is frost tender. In the north latitudes it is in flower from August to October, and the seeds ripen in October... Warsc. ex Planch. Canna paniculata Canna paniculata Ruiz & Pav. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of southern Mexico, Costa Rica, and tropical South America, except for the Amazon Basin, at 200-2,000m .... Ruiz & Pav. Canna patens Canna patens Tb. Tanaka is a species of the Canna genus; small sized; green foliage, ovoid shaped, spreading habit; triangular stems, coloured green; spikes of flowers are upright, yellow with a wide red margin, staminodes are long and narrow, edges regular, petals yellow, partial self-cleaning;... Rosc. Canna pedunculata Canna pedunculata Sims is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of south-east Brazil at low altitudes. Johnson's Dictionary of 1856 reports that it first entered England in 1820, meaning 'long-flower-stalked'.... Sims Canna plurituberosa Canna plurituberosa T. Koyama & Nb. Tanaka is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native to Northern Argentina.... T. Koyama & Nb. Tanaka Canna speciosa Canna speciosa Hook. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the tropical Americas. Introduced to England from South America in 1820, speciosa meaning 'showy'. .... Rosc. Canna stenantha Canna stenantha Nb. Tanaka is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native to Northern Argentina.It is a perennial and is hardy to zone 10 and is frost tender. In the north latitudes it is in flower from August to October, and the seeds ripen in October... Nb. Tanaka Canna tuerckheimii Canna tuerckheimii Kraenzl. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia and Ecuador at altitudes of 500-2,000m... Kraenzl. |
List of species synonyms
Canna species synonyms are the inevitable consequence of the difficulty of communication up to the late part of the 19th century. From the late 18th century plant searchers were being despatched to all corners of the world and bringing back to their employers all the plantPlant
Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Precise definitions of the kingdom vary, but as the term is used here, plants include familiar organisms such as trees, flowers, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. The group is also called green plants or...
treasures of the world.
The problem then became one of identifying the specimens. The capitals and places of learning in the major countries of the world all had botanical garden
Botanical garden
A botanical garden The terms botanic and botanical, and garden or gardens are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word botanic is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens. is a well-tended area displaying a wide range of plants labelled with their botanical names...
s and private nurseries and collectors, all intent on discovering and naming new species.
Initially the early taxonomists only had the written word with which to communicate and letters, written in Latin, might take weeks to complete their journeys. Black-and-white photography eased the communication difficulty and the invention of the telephone and colour photography, and more recently the World Wide Web have meant that places of learning can now communicate freely and much of the duplication of names has been resolved.
The list below shows the extent of the duplication in naming that has occurred in the past, and follows the WCSP Canna checklist.
|
Canna patens Canna patens Tb. Tanaka is a species of the Canna genus; small sized; green foliage, ovoid shaped, spreading habit; triangular stems, coloured green; spikes of flowers are upright, yellow with a wide red margin, staminodes are long and narrow, edges regular, petals yellow, partial self-cleaning;... Canna paniculata Canna paniculata Ruiz & Pav. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of southern Mexico, Costa Rica, and tropical South America, except for the Amazon Basin, at 200-2,000m .... Canna glauca Canna glauca L. is a species of the Canna genus, a member of the family Cannaceae. It originates from the wetlands of tropical America and was introduced to England in 1730. It is a perennial growing to 1.5m. It is hardy to zone 10 and is frost tender. In the north latitudes it is in flower from... Canna patens Canna patens Tb. Tanaka is a species of the Canna genus; small sized; green foliage, ovoid shaped, spreading habit; triangular stems, coloured green; spikes of flowers are upright, yellow with a wide red margin, staminodes are long and narrow, edges regular, petals yellow, partial self-cleaning;... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna paniculata Canna paniculata Ruiz & Pav. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of southern Mexico, Costa Rica, and tropical South America, except for the Amazon Basin, at 200-2,000m .... Canna glauca Canna glauca L. is a species of the Canna genus, a member of the family Cannaceae. It originates from the wetlands of tropical America and was introduced to England in 1730. It is a perennial growing to 1.5m. It is hardy to zone 10 and is frost tender. In the north latitudes it is in flower from... Canna paniculata Canna paniculata Ruiz & Pav. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of southern Mexico, Costa Rica, and tropical South America, except for the Amazon Basin, at 200-2,000m .... Canna patens Canna patens Tb. Tanaka is a species of the Canna genus; small sized; green foliage, ovoid shaped, spreading habit; triangular stems, coloured green; spikes of flowers are upright, yellow with a wide red margin, staminodes are long and narrow, edges regular, petals yellow, partial self-cleaning;... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna 'Musaefolia' Canna 'Musaefolia cultivars belong to the Foliage Group of Cannas. In the first work devoted to Canna, Le Canna - authored by M. Chaté in 1867 with the co-operation of Monsieur Théodore Année, we were provided with the first written description and details of origin... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna tuerckheimii Canna tuerckheimii Kraenzl. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia and Ecuador at altitudes of 500-2,000m... Canna paniculata Canna paniculata Ruiz & Pav. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of southern Mexico, Costa Rica, and tropical South America, except for the Amazon Basin, at 200-2,000m .... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna paniculata Canna paniculata Ruiz & Pav. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of southern Mexico, Costa Rica, and tropical South America, except for the Amazon Basin, at 200-2,000m .... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna glauca Canna glauca L. is a species of the Canna genus, a member of the family Cannaceae. It originates from the wetlands of tropical America and was introduced to England in 1730. It is a perennial growing to 1.5m. It is hardy to zone 10 and is frost tender. In the north latitudes it is in flower from... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna jaegeriana Canna jaegeriana Urb. is a species of canna from high altitudes, characterized by a combination of the following characters: generally curved, orange, small flowers with free part of staminodes erect, floral bracts mostly caducous, and upper side of leaves often dark brown to black in herbarium... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna glauca Canna glauca L. is a species of the Canna genus, a member of the family Cannaceae. It originates from the wetlands of tropical America and was introduced to England in 1730. It is a perennial growing to 1.5m. It is hardy to zone 10 and is frost tender. In the north latitudes it is in flower from... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna patens Canna patens Tb. Tanaka is a species of the Canna genus; small sized; green foliage, ovoid shaped, spreading habit; triangular stems, coloured green; spikes of flowers are upright, yellow with a wide red margin, staminodes are long and narrow, edges regular, petals yellow, partial self-cleaning;... Canna flaccida Canna flaccida Salisb. is a species of the Canna genus, a member of the family Cannaceae. Indigenous to the wetlands of south-eastern USA. It was a parent to many of the early-hybridised cannas originally known as orchid flowered cannas, but now correctly named as Italian Group cannas. It grows... Canna pedunculata Canna pedunculata Sims is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of south-east Brazil at low altitudes. Johnson's Dictionary of 1856 reports that it first entered England in 1820, meaning 'long-flower-stalked'.... Canna paniculata Canna paniculata Ruiz & Pav. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of southern Mexico, Costa Rica, and tropical South America, except for the Amazon Basin, at 200-2,000m .... Canna compacta Canna compacta Roscoe is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, distributed between the south of Brazil and northern Argentina. Introduced to England from South America in 1820. Not to be confused with C. compacta Bouché, which is a synonym of C. indica L.It is a perennial... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna glauca Canna glauca L. is a species of the Canna genus, a member of the family Cannaceae. It originates from the wetlands of tropical America and was introduced to England in 1730. It is a perennial growing to 1.5m. It is hardy to zone 10 and is frost tender. In the north latitudes it is in flower from... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna glauca Canna glauca L. is a species of the Canna genus, a member of the family Cannaceae. It originates from the wetlands of tropical America and was introduced to England in 1730. It is a perennial growing to 1.5m. It is hardy to zone 10 and is frost tender. In the north latitudes it is in flower from... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna glauca Canna glauca L. is a species of the Canna genus, a member of the family Cannaceae. It originates from the wetlands of tropical America and was introduced to England in 1730. It is a perennial growing to 1.5m. It is hardy to zone 10 and is frost tender. In the north latitudes it is in flower from... Canna glauca Canna glauca L. is a species of the Canna genus, a member of the family Cannaceae. It originates from the wetlands of tropical America and was introduced to England in 1730. It is a perennial growing to 1.5m. It is hardy to zone 10 and is frost tender. In the north latitudes it is in flower from... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna tuerckheimii Canna tuerckheimii Kraenzl. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia and Ecuador at altitudes of 500-2,000m... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna tuerckheimii Canna tuerckheimii Kraenzl. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia and Ecuador at altitudes of 500-2,000m... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... |
Cultivar type names
In addition, several species have been given cultivar-type names, and those are listed below:
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Canna glauca Canna glauca L. is a species of the Canna genus, a member of the family Cannaceae. It originates from the wetlands of tropical America and was introduced to England in 1730. It is a perennial growing to 1.5m. It is hardy to zone 10 and is frost tender. In the north latitudes it is in flower from... Canna tuerckheimii Canna tuerckheimii Kraenzl. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae. Native of Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia and Ecuador at altitudes of 500-2,000m... Canna compacta Canna compacta Roscoe is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, distributed between the south of Brazil and northern Argentina. Introduced to England from South America in 1820. Not to be confused with C. compacta Bouché, which is a synonym of C. indica L.It is a perennial... Canna coccinea Canna coccinea is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of northern Argentina. Introduced to England from South America in 1731.... Canna indica Canna indica L. is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, a native of the Caribbean and tropical Americas that is also widely cultivated as a garden plant... Canna compacta Canna compacta Roscoe is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, distributed between the south of Brazil and northern Argentina. Introduced to England from South America in 1820. Not to be confused with C. compacta Bouché, which is a synonym of C. indica L.It is a perennial... Canna compacta Canna compacta Roscoe is a species of the Canna genus, belonging to the family Cannaceae, distributed between the south of Brazil and northern Argentina. Introduced to England from South America in 1820. Not to be confused with C. compacta Bouché, which is a synonym of C. indica L.It is a perennial... Canna flaccida Canna flaccida Salisb. is a species of the Canna genus, a member of the family Cannaceae. Indigenous to the wetlands of south-eastern USA. It was a parent to many of the early-hybridised cannas originally known as orchid flowered cannas, but now correctly named as Italian Group cannas. It grows... |
Further Reading
- Chaté, E. - Le Canna, 1866.
- Cooke, Ian (2001) The Gardener's Guide to Growing Cannas, Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-513-6
- Johnson's Gardner's Dictionary, 1856.
- Khoshoo, T.N.Triloki Nath KhoshooTriloki Nath Khoshoo was a world-renowned environment scientist and an able administrator...
& Guha, I. - Origin and Evolution of Cultivated Cannas. Vikas Publishing House. - Kress, W. J. 1990. The phylogeny and classification of the Zingiberales. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 698—721.
- Kress, W. J. and D. E. Stone. 1982. Nature of the sporoderm in monocotyledons, with special reference to the pollen grains of Canna and Heliconia. Grana 21: 129—148.
- Maas, P. J. M. 1985. 195. Cannaceae. In: A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn, ed. 1985+. Flora of the Guianas. Series A: Phanerogams. 1212+ volsfasc. Königstein. VolFasc. 1, pp. xx—xx69—73 .
- Maas, P. J. M. and H. Maas. 1988. 223. Cannaceae. In: G. Harling et al., eds. 1973+. Flora of Ecuador. 5660+ volsnos. Göteborg. VolNo. 32, pp. 1—9.
- Moore, Thomas. 1892. The Gardener's Assistant. Blackie & Son Ltd.
- Percy-Lancaster, S.Sydney Percy-LancasterSydney Percy-Lancaster, F.L.S., F.R.H.S., M.R.A.S. was born on 19 July 1886 at Meerut, India. His father, Percy Lancaster, was a banker and a talented amateur gardener, who went on to become the Secretary of the Agri Horticultural Society of India in Calcutta, India.-Career:In 1902 Sydney...
, In an Indian Garden. 1927. - Robinson W.William Robinson (gardener)William Robinson was an Irish practical gardener and journalist whose ideas about wild gardening spurred the movement that evolved into the English cottage garden, a parallel to the search for honest simplicity and vernacular style of the British Arts and Crafts movement...
, The Subtropical Garden, John MurrayJohn Murray (publisher)John Murray is an English publisher, renowned for the authors it has published in its history, including Jane Austen, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Lord Byron, Charles Lyell, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Herman Melville, and Charles Darwin...
, Albermarle St, London, England. 1879. - Rogers, G. K. 1984. The Zingiberales (Cannaceae, Marantaceae, and Zingiberaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 65: 5—55.
- Segeren, W & Maas, PJM - The genus Canna in northern South America (1971), Acta Botanica Neerlandica. 20(6): 663-680.
- Tanaka, N. 2001. Taxonomic revision of the family Cannaceae in the New World and Asia. Makinoa ser. 2, 1:34–43.
- Woodson, R. E. Jr. and R. W. Schery. 1945. Cannaceae. In: R. E. Woodson Jr. et al., eds. 1943—1981. Flora of Panama. 41 fasc. St. Louis. [Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 32: 74—80.]
External links
- Cannaceae in Flora of North America
- World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- Kew Gardens, London. Search PIC database
- Proposal to conserve the name Canna tuerckheimii
- PRINCE, LINDA M.* and W. JOHN KRESS. Smithsonian Institution, NMNH - Botany, MRC-166, Washington, DC 20560-0166. - Species boundaries in Canna (Cannaceae): evidence from nuclear ITS DNA sequence data.
- University of South Florida, Institute for Systematic Botany
See also
- CannaCanna (plant)Canna is a genus of nineteen species of flowering plants. The closest living relations to cannas are the other plant families of the order Zingiberales, that is the gingers, bananas, marantas, heliconias, strelitzias, etc.Canna is the only genus in the family Cannaceae...
- List of Canna cultivars
- List of Canna hybridists