Linyi
Encyclopedia
Linyi is a prefecture-level city
in the south of Shandong
province, People's Republic of China
. The largest prefecture-level city in Shandong both by area and total population, Linyi borders Rizhao
to the east, Weifang
to the northeast, Zibo
to the north, Tai'an
to the northwest, Jining
to the west, Zaozhuang
to the southwest, and the province of Jiangsu
to the south.
The population is 10,039,400 at the 2010 census whom 1,876,770 live in the built up area made of 3 urban districts.
of Linyi administers 12 county-level divisions, including 3 districts and 9 counties.
These are further divided into 181 township-level divisions.
In the spring of 1938, during the Second Sino-Japanese War
, the city was the scene of fierce fighting between Chinese and Japanese troops. The Chinese, encouraged by the success of their military in the nearby Battle of Tai'erzhuang, defended Linyi fiercely, but Japanese soldiers breached the walls on April 19, 1938. The defenders withdrew the next day to another contested area 30 miles away.
After the People's Republic of China
was founded in October 1949, the administrative division was adjusted.
In 2005, Linyi drew international attention as a center of human rights abuses related to the enforcement of China’s controversial family planning policies
. Following widespread allegations of violence and coercion in excess of Chinese law, local human rights defender Chen Guangcheng
filed a class action lawsuit on behalf of the victims. The local Chinese courts refused to hear the case and imprisoned Chen Guangcheng
on trumped up charges. Due in part to the severity and scope of these abuses Linyi has been used by activists to criticize China's violation of women's rights.
In 2002 the prefecture's GDP was 71 billion RMB (~US$16 billion) comprising 12 billion RMB from primary industry, 34 billion RMB from secondary industry and 25 billion RMB from tertiary industry. Main industrial products are: textiles, foodstuffs, machinery, electronics, chemicals, building materials, coal, medicines, gold and porcelain.
In 2003 there were 77 enterprises with a pre-tax profit above 10 million RMB (US$1.25 million) and 7 enterprises with a pre-tax profit above 100 million RMB (US$12.5 million).
Machinery is exported to Europe, the Americas and south-east Asia. Linyi prefecture has an annual capacity of 3 million tons of compound fertilizers.
Just north of the city centre is a park dedicated to Wang Xizhi
. For a small entrance fee tourists can enjoy a pleasant walk and try Chinese calligraphy.
Near the centre of Linyi city is a museum which houses some original bamboo strips from the Sun Tzu
era.
Prefecture-level city
A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
in the south of Shandong
Shandong
' is a Province located on the eastern coast of the People's Republic of China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism, Chinese...
province, People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
. The largest prefecture-level city in Shandong both by area and total population, Linyi borders Rizhao
Rizhao
Rizhao is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It is situated on the coastline along the Yellow Sea, borders Qingdao to the northeast, Weifang to the north, Linyi to the west and southwest, and faces Korea and Japan across the Yellow Sea to the east...
to the east, Weifang
Weifang
Weifang is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It borders Dongying to the northwest, Zibo to the west, Linyi to the southwest, Rizhao to the south, Qingdao to the east, and looks out to the Laizhou Bay to the north.-History:Weifang is a historical city...
to the northeast, Zibo
Zibo
Zibo is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the west, Laiwu and Tai'an to the southwest, Linyi to the south, Weifang to the east, Dongying to the northeast, and Binzhou the north.Located in the middle part...
to the north, Tai'an
Tai'an
Tai'an is a prefecture-level city in western Shandong province, People's Republic of China.Centered around Mount Tai, the city borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the north, Laiwu to the northeast, Zibo to the east, Linyi to the southeast, Liaocheng to the extreme west and Jining to the south...
to the northwest, Jining
Jining, Shandong
Jining is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It borders Heze to the southwest, Zaozhuang to the southeast, Tai'an to the northeast, and the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu to the northwest and south respectively...
to the west, Zaozhuang
Zaozhuang
Zaozhuang is a prefecture-level city in the south of Shandong province in Eastern China. The second smallest prefecture-level city in the province, it borders Jining to the west and north, Linyi to the east, and the province of Jiangsu to the south....
to the southwest, and the province of Jiangsu
Jiangsu
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name comes from jiang, short for the city of Jiangning , and su, for the city of Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is "苏" , the second character of its name...
to the south.
The population is 10,039,400 at the 2010 census whom 1,876,770 live in the built up area made of 3 urban districts.
Administration
The prefecture-level cityPrefecture-level city
A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
of Linyi administers 12 county-level divisions, including 3 districts and 9 counties.
- Lanshan DistrictLanshan District, LinyiLanshan is a district of Linyi in the Chinese, province of Shandong. It is the center of Linyi, the city's government is located here.- External links :*...
(兰山区) - Luozhuang DistrictLuozhuang DistrictLuozhuang is a district of Linyi in the Chinese province of Shandong. It has an area of 370.37-370.6 km² and around 420,000 inhabitants .- External links :*...
(罗庄区) - Hedong DistrictHedong District, LinyiHedong is a district of Linyi in the Chinese province of Shandong. It has an area of 727.63 km² and around 600,000 inhabitants .- External links :*...
, (河东区) - Tancheng CountyTancheng CountyTancheng County is a county of Linyi, Shandong province, People's Republic of China.Tancheng is located on the southern edge of the province of Shandong, about 90 kilometres south of Linyi and 400 kilometres south east of Jinan, the capital city of Shandong province.The population in 2001 was...
(郯城县) - Cangshan CountyCangshan CountyCangshan County is a county of southern Shandong, bordering Jiangsu province to the south. It is under the administration of Linyi City.The population was in 1999....
(苍山县) - Junan CountyJunan CountyJunan County is a county of southern Shandong province, People's Republic of China, bordering Jiangsu province to the south. It is under the administration of Linyi City.The population was in 1999.- External links :*...
(莒南县) - Yishui CountyYishui CountyYishui County is a county of south-central Shandong province, People's Republic of China, located in the foothills region of the province. It is under the administration of Linyi City.The population was in 1999.- External links :*...
(沂水县) - Mengyin County (蒙阴县)
- Pingyi CountyPingyi CountyPingyi County is a county under charge of Linyi City, Shandong Province of China. It has a land area of 1,824.79 square kilometers and a population of 980,000 in 2001. Its special local products are honeysuckle and granite...
(平邑县) - Fei CountyFei CountyFei County falls under the jurisdiction of Linyi, Shandong Province....
(费县) - Yinan CountyYinan CountyYinan is a county of Linyi in the Chinese province of Shandong.The population was in 1999.-Notable people:...
(沂南县) - Linshu CountyLinshu CountyLinshu County is a county of southern Shandong province, People's Republic of China, bordering Jiangsu province to the south and east. It is under the administration of Linyi City.The population was in 1999.- External links :*...
(临沭县)
These are further divided into 181 township-level divisions.
History
Linyi is about 2400 years old. In the 1970s Sun Bin's Art of War was unearthed here.In the spring of 1938, during the Second Sino-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
, the city was the scene of fierce fighting between Chinese and Japanese troops. The Chinese, encouraged by the success of their military in the nearby Battle of Tai'erzhuang, defended Linyi fiercely, but Japanese soldiers breached the walls on April 19, 1938. The defenders withdrew the next day to another contested area 30 miles away.
After the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
was founded in October 1949, the administrative division was adjusted.
In 2005, Linyi drew international attention as a center of human rights abuses related to the enforcement of China’s controversial family planning policies
One-child policy
The one-child policy refers to the one-child limitation applying to a minority of families in the population control policy of the People's Republic of China . The Chinese government refers to it under the official translation of family planning policy...
. Following widespread allegations of violence and coercion in excess of Chinese law, local human rights defender Chen Guangcheng
Chen Guangcheng
Chen Guangcheng is a blind civil rights activist in the People's Republic of China who drew international attention to human rights issues in rural areas. He was placed under house arrest from September 2005 to March 2006 after talking to Time magazine about the forced abortion cases he...
filed a class action lawsuit on behalf of the victims. The local Chinese courts refused to hear the case and imprisoned Chen Guangcheng
Chen Guangcheng
Chen Guangcheng is a blind civil rights activist in the People's Republic of China who drew international attention to human rights issues in rural areas. He was placed under house arrest from September 2005 to March 2006 after talking to Time magazine about the forced abortion cases he...
on trumped up charges. Due in part to the severity and scope of these abuses Linyi has been used by activists to criticize China's violation of women's rights.
Geography
Linyi enjoys a temperate climate and high precipitation. The lie of the land varies, with mountains, hills, and plains accounting for approximately equal parts of the total area. The entire jurisdiction covers 17,184 km² and the total population is close to 10 million, making this the largest administrative division in the province in both geographic and demographic terms.Climate
Economy
Linyi's economy is based around its wholesale markets. The Linyi Wholesale City is ranked 3rd in its category in China with an annual trade volume of 40 billion RMB (~US$5 billion). The Linyi prefecture has developed more than 1,500 specialized villages, over 80 specialized towns and nearly 800 industrialized agricultural enterprises.In 2002 the prefecture's GDP was 71 billion RMB (~US$16 billion) comprising 12 billion RMB from primary industry, 34 billion RMB from secondary industry and 25 billion RMB from tertiary industry. Main industrial products are: textiles, foodstuffs, machinery, electronics, chemicals, building materials, coal, medicines, gold and porcelain.
In 2003 there were 77 enterprises with a pre-tax profit above 10 million RMB (US$1.25 million) and 7 enterprises with a pre-tax profit above 100 million RMB (US$12.5 million).
Machinery is exported to Europe, the Americas and south-east Asia. Linyi prefecture has an annual capacity of 3 million tons of compound fertilizers.
Notable people
- Wang XizhiWang XizhiWang Xizhi was a Chinese calligrapher, traditionally referred to as the Sage of Calligraphy , who lived during the Jin Dynasty...
(303 - 361 BCE), Eastern Jin Dynasty calligrapher - Zhuge LiangZhuge LiangZhuge Liang was a chancellor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He is often recognised as the greatest and most accomplished strategist of his era....
(181 - 234 BCE), statesman and strategist - Chen GuangchengChen GuangchengChen Guangcheng is a blind civil rights activist in the People's Republic of China who drew international attention to human rights issues in rural areas. He was placed under house arrest from September 2005 to March 2006 after talking to Time magazine about the forced abortion cases he...
(1971 - ), human rights defender
Cultural Attractions
Linyi's focal point is the People's Square (Renmin Guangchang). It was built in the early 1990's on the site of an old army barracks. It is about 500 metres east-west, and about 300 metres north-south. Underneath it is a shopping centre and entertainment facilities.Just north of the city centre is a park dedicated to Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi was a Chinese calligrapher, traditionally referred to as the Sage of Calligraphy , who lived during the Jin Dynasty...
. For a small entrance fee tourists can enjoy a pleasant walk and try Chinese calligraphy.
Near the centre of Linyi city is a museum which houses some original bamboo strips from the Sun Tzu
Sun Tzu
Sun Wu , style name Changqing , better known as Sun Tzu or Sunzi , was an ancient Chinese military general, strategist and philosopher who is traditionally believed, and who is most likely, to have authored The Art of War, an influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy...
era.