Liberalism in Portugal
Encyclopedia
This article gives an overview of liberalism in Portugal
. It is limited to liberal
parties
with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.
Historical Party
was a full right member of the Liberal International
, from 1985 until 1996.
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
. It is limited to liberal
Liberalism
Liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally, liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights,...
parties
Political party
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.
Background
Liberalism was a strong force in nineteenth century Portugal. Since then, several parties have been heirs, in a way or another, from the liberal ideology.From Democratic Group to New Progressive Party
- 1826: Supporters of the liberal revolution of 1820Liberal Revolution of 1820The Liberal Revolution of 1820 was a political revolution that erupted in 1820 and lasted until 1826. It was unchained via a military insurrection in the city of Porto, in northern Portugal, that quickly and peacefully spread to the rest of the country. From 1807 to 1811 Napoleonic French forces...
established the Democratic Group (Grupo Democrata) - 1840: The party is reorganised into the Progress Party (Partido do Progresso), founded by João de Saldanha
- 1849: The party merged into the conservative Regenerator party (Partido Regenerador)
- 1851: This faction left the party and founds the Progressive Historical Party/Party of Historical Progressives (Partido Progressista Histórico/Partido dos Progressistas Históricos)
- 1862: The party split into the Reformist Party and the Historical Party (Partido Histórico)
- 1876: Both parties reunited into the New Progressive Party (Novo Partido Progressista), which develops into a conservative party
- 1910: The party disappeared
Reformist Party
- 1862: The ⇒ Party of Historical Progressives split into the Reformist Party (Partido Reformista) of Sá da BandeiraSá da BandeiraSá da Bandeira may refer to:*Lubango, Angola, old name Sá da Bandeira until 1975*Rua de Sá da Bandeira, a place in Santo Ildefonso, Porto, Portugal...
and the ⇒
Historical Party
- 1876: Both parties reunited into the ⇒ New Progressive Party
Portuguese Republican Party
- 1872: Revolutionary and radical liberals established the Portuguese Republican PartyPortuguese Republican PartyThe Portuguese Republican Party was a Portuguese political party formed during the late years of monarchy that proposed and conducted the substitution of the Constitutional Monarchy by the Portuguese First Republic....
(Partido Republicano Português) - 1891: The party is banned
- 1906: The party is reestablished
- 1910: The radicalized party staged a revolution and its leader Joaquim Teófilo Braga became prime minister
- 1911: The ⇒ Republican National Union seceded
- 1920: The ⇒ National Reconstituted Republican Party seceded, leaving the Portuguese Republican Party as an intransigent radical, even jacobine party, which is banned in 1926
From Republican National Union to Radical Party
- 1911: Liberal and moderate factions of the Portuguese Republican PartyPortuguese Republican PartyThe Portuguese Republican Party was a Portuguese political party formed during the late years of monarchy that proposed and conducted the substitution of the Constitutional Monarchy by the Portuguese First Republic....
(Partido Republicano Português) formed the Republican National Union (União Nacional Republicano) - 1912: This party split and liberals established the Evolutionist Republican Party (Partido Republicano Evolucionista), led by António José de AlmeidaAntónio José de AlmeidaAntónio José de Almeida, GCTE, GCA, GCC, GCSE, , son of José António de Almeida and wife Maria Rita das Neves, was a Portuguese political figure...
. The conservative wing continued as the Republican Union - 1919: A faction joined the conservative Republican Liberal Party and the liberals formed the Popular Portuguese Party (Partido Português Popular)
- 1922: The party is renamed Radical Party (Partido Radical)
From National Reconstituted Republican Party to Republican Action
- 1920: Liberal elements from the ⇒ Portuguese Republican Party formed the National Reconstituted Republican Party (Partido Republicano Reconstituente Nacional)
- 1923: The party merged into the conservative Nacionalist Republican Party (Partido Republicano Nacionalista), but later that year it is refounded as the Republican Action (Acção Republicana)
- 1926: The party is banned
Social Democratic Party
The Social Democratic PartySocial Democratic Party (Portugal)
The Social Democratic Party , is a centre-right liberal conservative political party in Portugal. It is commonly known by its initials, PSD; on ballot papers, its initials appear as PPD/PSD, with the first three letters coming from the party's original name, Democratic People's Party...
was a full right member of the Liberal International
Liberal International
Liberal International is a political international federation for liberal parties. Its headquarters is located at 1 Whitehall Place, London, SW1A 2HD within the National Liberal Club. It was founded in Oxford in 1947, and has become the pre-eminent network for liberal parties and for the...
, from 1985 until 1996.
Democratic Renewal Party
- 1985: Supporters of president António Ramalho EanesAntónio Ramalho EanesAntónio dos Santos Ramalho Eanes, GColTE, GCL, CavA, KE is a Portuguese general and politician who was the 16th President of Portugal from 1976 to 1986.-Background:...
established the Democratic Renovator Party (Portugal) (Partido Renovador Democrático) as a centrist alternative. - 1991: The party is dissolved
Liberal Social Movement
- 2005: The political organization is legalized, with the name in Portuguese, MLS - Movimento Liberal Social. The current President is Miguel Duarte.
See also
- Liberal Revolution of 1820Liberal Revolution of 1820The Liberal Revolution of 1820 was a political revolution that erupted in 1820 and lasted until 1826. It was unchained via a military insurrection in the city of Porto, in northern Portugal, that quickly and peacefully spread to the rest of the country. From 1807 to 1811 Napoleonic French forces...
- History of PortugalHistory of PortugalThe history of Portugal, a European and an Atlantic nation, dates back to the Early Middle Ages. In the 15th and 16th centuries, it ascended to the status of a world power during Europe's "Age of Discovery" as it built up a vast empire including possessions in South America, Africa, Asia and...
- Politics of PortugalPolitics of PortugalPolitics in Portugal take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. The President of the Republic is the head of state and has several significant political powers, which he...
- List of political parties in Portugal