Kulim
Encyclopedia
Kulim is the third largest town in Kedah
Kedah
Kedah is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area of over 9,000 km², and it consists of the mainland and Langkawi. The mainland has a relatively flat terrain, which is used to grow rice...

 after Alor Star
Alor Star
Alor Setar, known as Alor Star between 2004 and 2008, is the state capital of Kedah, Malaysia, and Kota Setar District's Administrative Centre. It is also a distribution center for manufacturing and agricultural products such as paddy, and the royal seat of the Kedah state since the establishment...

 and Sungai Petani
Sungai Petani
Sungai Petani is a town in the state of Kedah, in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Sungai Petani is the second largest town in Kedah after Alor Star.-Etmylogy:...

 is located at the South East of Kedah
Kedah
Kedah is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area of over 9,000 km², and it consists of the mainland and Langkawi. The mainland has a relatively flat terrain, which is used to grow rice...

 state and East of Penang
Penang
Penang is a state in Malaysia and the name of its constituent island, located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Strait of Malacca. It is bordered by Kedah in the north and east, and Perak in the south. Penang is the second smallest Malaysian state in area after Perlis, and the...

 state in Malaysia. Kulim is a district consist of 15 smaller sub-districts also known as "mukim". The sub-districts including Kulim, Junjong, Terap, Karangan, Sedim, Mahang, Keladi, Sungai Ular (Snake River), Padang China (China Field), Sungai Seluang (Seluang River), Lunas
Lunas
Lunas is the name of several places:* Lunas, Hérault, France* Lunas, Dordogne, France * Lunas, Kedah, Malaysia...

, Nagalilit, Sidam Kanan, Bagan Sena and Padang Meiha (Meiha Field).

Origins

  • The Kulim we know today was started and inhabited in mid 18th century, by Malays from the region of Pattani (Siam, now Thailand
    Thailand
    Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...

    ). The name for the town, ‘Kulim’ was derived from trees that was ubiquitous in that region (scientific name: Scorocarpus Borneensis Becc)

  • The Kulim Tree is a plant that is present in Malaysian and other ASEAN rainforests. The botanical name is Scorodocarpus borneensis and the fruits are used for cooking by the indigenous people of Tapah (Perak). The fruits are borne sometime in mid July–August (same time as Durian
    Durian
    The durian is the fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus Durio and the Malvaceae family . Widely known and revered in southeast Asia as the "king of fruits", the durian is distinctive for its large size, unique odour, and formidable thorn-covered husk...

     seasons). In 1997 it was estimated that the market price of a cubic meter of kulim wood reached RM270.

History

Kulim as a town was started in mid 18th century by 100 Malays from Pattani. By mid 19th century Kulim experienced a boom due to the discovery of tin ore. By 1890, there were 400 Chinese miners operating in Kulim. One of Kulim’s earliest settlements was a place called Belakang Tebok.

The biggest tin mining facilities in kulim were Taman Tunku Putra, Kg. Bukit Besar, Karangan, Terap and Kelang Lama. Archived records show that by 1854 there were 8 tin mining companies that were active in Kulim with a total workforce of 1500 people.

In 1888, there was a major incident in Kulim, dubbed ‘Beautiful Nyonya War’ (Perang Nyonya Cantik) or Kulim War (Perang Kulim). This incident started when the mining chiefs of Kulim fought over a popular Chinese lady of the time. The chiefs mobilized their respective workers in this seemingly minor squabble escalated into a major riot. Peace and tranquility enjoyed by the people of Kulim was disrupted by this incident and it dragged on for a number of years, and claimed a number of lives of the involved parties.

The direct consequences of this incident was the hiring of a British national (B.E. Mitchell) as the chief of police of Kulim (1890) by the ruler of Kedah, and the worsening economic problem of the state. The Bangkok treaty, ratified in 1909, ceded Siam’s influence in Kedah to the British, however, only by 1923 did Sultan Abdul Hamid of Kedah sign a treaty which recognizes Kedah as a state under British protectorate.
  • he name Kulim was derived from a tree that was prevalent in the area. It is believed that the tin miners from Perak ( Larut, Matang, Taiping and Selama), where the people who started kulim as a town. The miners were looking for a new place to start as they did not want to be embroiled in the triad conflict that is constantly under the surface in the aforementioned areas in Perak (Ghee Hin and Hai San, the most active Triad during those times).


These miners escaped from Perak through the jungles of Kulim to head to Penang (Penang was a busy English port by then), but during their journey through the forest they discovered tin in the rivers and quarries. This prompted their decision to settle in Kulim and mine the ores there, without the interference of the triads elsewhere.
  • A few of the classical monuments still existing in kulim includes coronation cinema, St. Patrick’s High School (1933), which was converted into a trade building, Sultan Badlishah High School (1948), Kulim Police Station and so on.

  • Meanwhile the Kulim’s independence clock was officiated by the Sultan of Kedah (15 September 1957) and serves as the unofficial landmark for the city of Kulim. The cornerstone of the clock was acquired by YPM Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al Haj (the First Prime Minister if Malaya, later Malaysia) on 14 June 1957.

  • The construction of the clock was completed within 3 months and upon completion, was made formalized by DYMM Tuanku Sultan Badlishah Ibni Almarhum Yang Di Pertuan Paduka Seri Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah, KOM, CMG, KBE Sultan Kedah on 15 September 1957, or 2 weeks after the declaration of independence of Malaysia (31 August 1957).

  • The total cost of the independence clock was paid for by the residents of Kulim (records show that RM40000 was raised) as a testament of the success of the country to gain independence from the British. The independence clock was and still is the pride of the people of Kulim. It was recently renovated to include a small fountain system.

  • Kulim is situated on the southeast of Kedah, bordering Penang on the west. Kulim evolved from a small settlement in the 50s to a successful city which is the focus of many industrial complex. The house of representative of Kulim is near Kulim’s parliament (Bandar baharu). The establishment of Kulim Hi-tech park is hoped to be a catalyst for the continued growth of Kulim.

  • It has been proposed to build a light rail
    Light rail
    Light rail or light rail transit is a form of urban rail public transportation that generally has a lower capacity and lower speed than heavy rail and metro systems, but higher capacity and higher speed than traditional street-running tram systems...

    (LRT) system and by 2020

City Centre

Kulim still maintains shop houses that were around since before the second world war. Unfortunately, many of these houses were demolished to make way for newer structures of development. The independence clock serves as the city’s landmark, and is one of the old structures that remain in place. Kulim is 26706 hectares in size.

Kulim’s suburbs

Kulim is home to many recently opened suburbs. One of the biggest suburbs is Taman Selasih
Taman Selasih
Taman Selasih is a suburb of Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia....

, complete with its own commercial centre, it also called as "New town".. Paya besar
Paya Besar
Paya Besar also serves as the state assembly district and also the Parliament Constituency of Padang Serai, Kedah. . It also well known as kulim Little India.- Getting there :...

 is the 2nd most famous suburb in kulim. It also known as kulim little india
Little India (location)
Little India is an ethnic enclave containing a large population of Indian people within a society where the majority of people are either not South Asians or where the majority in the enclave are indigenous to states in the country of India within a South Asian Society not identifying as Indian...

.
  • Taman Desa Makmur
  • Taman Selasih
    Taman Selasih
    Taman Selasih is a suburb of Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia....

  • Taman Semarak
    Taman Semarak
    Taman Semarak is a suburb of Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia....

  • Lembah Impiana
    Lembah Impiana
    Lembah Impiana is a suburb of Kulim, located in between Penang and Kedah border and complete with its own commercial center, it also treated as one-stop center for food, because several cafe and restaurant can found there...

  • Taman Kempas Indah
  • Taman Kempas 2
  • Taman Kempas 3
  • Taman Desa Impian
  • Taman Kemuning
  • Taman Seroja
  • Taman Tunku putra
  • Taman Sri Kulim
  • Taman Sungai Kob
  • Taman Rambai
  • Taman Nenas
  • Taman Mutiara, Sg.Kob
  • Taman Keranji
  • Taman Senangin
  • Taman Bersatu
  • Taman Dahlia
  • Taman Hi-tech
  • Taman Perindustrian Waja
  • Taman Kulim Baru
  • Taman Anggerik
  • Taman Damai Padang Serai
  • Taman Kulim Utama
  • Taman Harmoni
  • Taman Sejahtera Jaya
  • Taman Cempaka
  • Taman Kenari
  • Taman Seri Tanjung
  • Taman Jati
  • Taman Saga Keladi
  • Taman Desa Penaga
  • Taman Bukit Awi
  • Taman Sutera Indah
  • Taman Kobis
  • Taman KTC
  • Taman KLC
  • Bukit Kulim
  • Kelang Sago
  • Kampung Air Merah
  • Kampung Darul Aman
  • Kampung Syed Syeh
  • Kampung Tunku Putra
  • Taman Kota Kenari

Economy

In 1996, the Kulim Hi-Tech Park (KHTP) was officially opened as the first and fully integrated high technology industrial park in Malaysia. With the development of phase two of the MSC connecting Georgetown, Bertam and KHTP, potentials of development as the science and cyber city would spur on the development of other downstream industries in Kulim.

The Park comprises a total land area of approximately 14.5 square kilometres (5.6 mi²). Many local and foreign companies, such as Intel, Fuji Electric
Fuji Electric
, operating under the brand name FE, is a Japanese holding company that retains manufacturing companies of pressure transmitters, flowmeters, gas analyzers, controllers, inverters, pumps, generators, ICs, motors, and power equipments.-History:...

, Infineon, Showa Denko
Showa Denko
is a leading Japanese chemical engineering firm.Formed in 1939 by the merger of Nihon Electrical Industries and Showa Fertilizers, Showa Denko K.K. manufactures chemical products and industrial materials. SDK's products serve a wide array of fields ranging from heavy industry to the electronic...

, First Solar
First Solar
First Solar, Inc. is an American manufacturer of thin film photovoltaic modules, or solar panels, and a provider to PV power plants of supporting services that include finance, construction, maintenance and end-of-life panel recycling...

, Gazzo Food, Entegris
Entegris
Entegris, Inc. NASDAQ: is a major provider of products and systems that purify, protect, and transport critical materials used in the semiconductor device fabrication process.Entegris operates out of its headquarters in Billerica, Mass...

, Celestica
Celestica
Celestica Inc. is a multinational electronics manufacturing services company headquartered in Toronto, Canada. Celestica’s global manufacturing network comprises more than 40 locations in 11 countries in the Americas, Europe and Asia, supplying a wide variety of leading OEMs...

 and SilTerra have moved to the site since then.
It is strategically located nearby North-Butterworth Container Terminal (NBCT) and Bayan Lepas International Airport
Bayan Lepas International Airport
Penang International Airport , previously known as Bayan Lepas International Airport, is situated in the Bayan Lepas area of Penang, Malaysia. The airport is located south of George Town, the capital city of Penang....

.
According to the Ninth Malaysia Plan
Ninth Malaysia Plan
Ninth Malaysian Plan abbreviated as '9MP', is a comprehensive blueprint prepared by the Economic Planning Unit of the Prime Minister's Department and the Finance Ministry of Malaysia with approval by the Cabinet of Malaysia to allocate the national budget from the year 2006 to 2010 to all...

, this economic area is referred to as the Northern Corridor Economic Region (NCER). The Northern Corridor Economic Region is one of three development regions formed in Peninsular Malaysia, other development regions being the Iskandar
Iskandar
Iskandar or Eskandar is the Persian version of the name Alexander, after Alexander the Great. It is used as male first name in Middle East, Central Asia and South Asia. It can refer to:* 9K720 Iskander, ballistic missile...

 Malaysia (or South Johor Economic Region) and the East Coast Development Region.

Education

Kulim was a pioneer in education in Kedah , having some of the earliest established schools in the state. The public school system comprises national schools, vernacular (Chinese and Tamil) schools, vocational schools, and religious schools. There are also a few international schools, such as elc International School
Elc International school
elc International School is an international school located in Selangor, Malaysia.-History:elc International School started as elc Secondary School in 1987 with five students and six teachers including the Principal. Three of these were the children of the founders namely Dr. and Mrs. Kaloo and Dr...

.

Chinese Schools

  • Chio Min Secondary School
    Chio Min Secondary School
    Chio Min Secondary School is a government Chinese school which is located at Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia.-Background:...

     (觉民国民型中学)
  • Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan (Chinese) Chio Min A/B (觉民小学A/B校)
  • Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan (Chinese) Chong Cheng (居林中正小学)
  • Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan (Chinese) Kelang Lama (居林老火较小学)

Formerly Missionary Schools

Formal education in Kulim stretches back to the early days of British administration. Many of the public schools in Kulim has been turned into national schools. Such as:
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St Anne's Convent Kulim
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St. Patrick

National, Vocational, and Religious Schools

  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sultan Badlishah - Most elit school in Kulim
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sungai Kob
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Kulim
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Taman Selasih
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Air Merah
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Taman Kenari
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Junjong
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Taman Jelutong
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Taman Hi-Tech
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Keladi
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tunku Panglima Besar
  • Sekolah Menengah Teknik Kulim
  • Sekolah menengah Kebangsaan Jalan Paya Besar
  • Sekolah Kebangsaan Sungai Kob
  • Sekolah Kebangsaan Sri Kulim
  • Sekolah Kebangsaan Kulim
  • Sekolah Kebangsaan Air Merah
  • Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Kenari
  • Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Jelutong
  • Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Hi-Tech
  • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Lunas

Colleges and Universities

  • Universiti Kuala Lumpur
  • IPK College (ACCA, LCCI and others professional qualification)
  • Polytechnic Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah ( www.ptsb.edu.my )
  • Community College
    Community college
    A community college is a type of educational institution. The term can have different meanings in different countries.-Australia:Community colleges carry on the tradition of adult education, which was established in Australia around mid 19th century when evening classes were held to help adults...

     Kulim
  • MARA College MARA
    MARA
    MARA may refer to*Majlis Amanah Rakyat, a Malaysian government agency*Migration Agents Registration Authority, an Australian government agency...

     Kulim
  • Maktab Rendah Sains MARA
    MARA
    MARA may refer to*Majlis Amanah Rakyat, a Malaysian government agency*Migration Agents Registration Authority, an Australian government agency...

     (PDRM)
  • ADTEC Kulim

Transport

Butterworth–Kulim Expressway, BKE is an expressways in Malaysia. The 17 km (10.6 mi) expressway connects Butterworth
Butterworth, Penang
Butterworth is the principal town of Seberang Perai in the state of Penang in Malaysia. Named after William John Butterworth, Governor of the Straits Settlements , Butterworth was established in the mid-19th century as a landing place across the channel from the capital of Penang, George Town...

, Penang
Penang
Penang is a state in Malaysia and the name of its constituent island, located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Strait of Malacca. It is bordered by Kedah in the north and east, and Perak in the south. Penang is the second smallest Malaysian state in area after Perlis, and the...

 in the west to Kulim, Kedah
Kedah
Kedah is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area of over 9,000 km², and it consists of the mainland and Langkawi. The mainland has a relatively flat terrain, which is used to grow rice...

 in the east. It is also a main route to East-West Highway
East-West Highway (Malaysia)
East-West Highway, Federal Route is a highway constructed by Malaysian Public Works Department to shorten the journey from Kota Bharu, Kelantan to northwestern towns and cities of Malaysia such as Alor Star and Penang...

 via Baling
Baling
Baling is a major town in the northern state of Kedah in Malaysia. It is also the name of a district in which Baling town is situated. It is south of Betong, the southernmost town in Thailand.-Origin of name:...

, Kedah
Kedah
Kedah is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area of over 9,000 km², and it consists of the mainland and Langkawi. The mainland has a relatively flat terrain, which is used to grow rice...

 and Gerik
Gerik
Gerik is a district capital town of Hulu Perak district in Perak, Malaysia. The town is also known as Rest Town owing to its strategic location next to major highways of the country, East-West Highway....

, Perak
Perak
Perak , one of the 13 states of Malaysia, is the second largest state in the Peninsular Malaysia bordering Kedah and Yala Province of Thailand to the north, Penang to the northwest, Kelantan and Pahang to the east, Selangor the Strait of Malacca to the south and west.Perak means silver in Malay...

. The construction of BKE started in December 1994 and completed in September 1996.

Shopping

  • Tesco
    Tesco
    Tesco plc is a global grocery and general merchandise retailer headquartered in Cheshunt, United Kingdom. It is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues and the second-largest measured by profits...

     Hypermarket Kulim - the premier and largest hypermarket buildings in north Malaysia
  • Kulim Landmark Centre
    Kulim Landmark Centre
    Kulim Landmark Central also called as: Kulim Landmark Centre is a shopping mall situated in Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia . At present, it is the largest shopping mall in Kulim, it also refer as first shopping mall in Kulim...

     (Giant Hypermarket
    Giant Hypermarket
    Giant Hypermarket is a major supermarket and retailer chain in Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, and UAE. It is a subsidiary of Dairy Farm International Holdings .-History:...

    )
  • Big 10
  • Minat Supermarket
  • The Store
  • Happy Home
  • Pasaraya Long Wan
  • Pasaraya Zon Ria

Parks, Gardens and Natural Environment

  • Kulim Hi-tech Park

Located 8 kilometres from Kulim Town. It is the first integrated Hi-tech Park in Malaysia. The main activities at this park are jogging and cycling whilst enjoying the breathtaking wonders of the landscape. There are also facilities like pedestrian walks, gazebos, benches and children’s playground.
  • Junjung Waterfalls Recreation

Located in Junjung and is about 14 kilometres from Kulim Town. Ever since 1980s, this destination has been a great tourist attraction with its main product being the waterfalls and ecosystem surroundings of the forest, rubber plantation as well as fruit orchards. During fruit seasons, especially the durian season, visitors can buy the fruits directly from the orchard owners. The main activities or program to be enjoyed here include picnicking, dipping, swimming and camping.
  • Sungai Sedim Recreation

Sungai Sedim with its fast currents and rapids along with a forest ecosystem is the best place for exciting recrteational activities. The main activities here include kayaking or White Water Rafting for a distance of 15 kilometres. This destination is among the 5 best destinations in for such activities. Besides, it is also a favourite for picnicking, dipping, swimming and camping at designated places apart from organizing of courses or workshops for self improvement and groups. This destination is known as the Camp Site of the Kedah Royalty. This destination is located between the District of Kulim and Baling.
  • Mount Bungsu

This is found in the Mount Bungsu Forest Reserves. The height of Mount Bungsu is 658 metres with its peak at Mukim Terap. The scenery from its peak is truly exhilarating with flora and fauna and the panoramic view surrounding it. This is where historical traces are found like the communist fort. For visitors who would like to try heavy activities like mountain climbing and cycling or dirt biking, Mount Bungsu would be a good training field and a challenge apt to their abilities. The meandering flow and rapid falls of the river is enough to attract visitors here all the time.
  • Pahau

Located in the forest reserves of Mount Bungsu, this is an educational forest that boasts of a myriad of replanted forest plant species and forest ecosystem surroundings. The main activities here include educational tours to the research centres and forest replanting, jungle trekking and Pahau camps located 23 kilometres from Kulim Town.
  • Ulu Paip Recreation

Located within the Forest Reserves of Mount Bungsu with rapid river and forest ecosystem surroundings. The main activities here include picnicking, dipping, swimming and camping. During the journey to this destination, visitors will also find fruit orchards and former mining ponds on both sides of the road. This destination is 20 kilometres from Kulim Town.
  • Tree Top Walk

Tree Top Walk is the latest attraction that awaits visitors. The iron bridge, which is better known as the Tree Top Walk above Sungai Sedim was constructed so high up that it almost touches the tree tops across Sungai Sedim. The view from the bridge is simply breathtaking.
  • Peak of Mount Bintang

Fast flowing rapids and waterfalls feast your eyes during the journey up this mountain. The main program here would be jungle trekking while appreciating the wonders of fauna and flora, exploring caves as well as mountain climbing to enjoy the panoramic view from the mountain top. Its height reaching 1,862 metres make it the highest mountain in its range. Geographically, the peak of Mount Bintang is the boundary marker for districts in two states.

This means that if visitors manage to reach its peak, they are in Baling and Kulim Districts of the State of Kedah and Ulu Perak and Selama Districts of Perak State at the same time.
  • Kulim Lake Garden(Tunku Putra Lake)

Located between the public transport terminal of Kulim Town and Sri Malaysia Hotel. Although this Lake Gardens have yet to be fully developed, it has nevertheless managed to attract many visitors. Visitors come here to either jog or take a walk on the pedestrian walk around the lake.

Resort

  • Kulim Golf & Country Resort

This is located at Kulim High Technology Park. There is a clubhouse facility along with a 27-hole golf course and other recreational facilities. The main activity here is golf, played for recreation as well as for sports tournaments.
  • Chinese Recreation Club (CRC)

This Club is located 2 kilometres from Kulim Town. Equipped with sports and recreational facilities as its main product, this complex was once the centre of sports event at national level, such as MSSM Badminton Tournament 2004 and SUKMA Kedah 2006. On ordinary days, the facilities here are for the use of club members only.
  • Kulim Club

This Club is located 2 kilometres from Kulim Town. Facilities that are provided at this club are swimming pool, gym, badminton hall, tennis court and family restaurant.

Food

Kulim's cuisine reflects the Chinese, Nyonya, Malay and Indian ethnic mix of Malaysia due to directly influence by Penang state ( the food capital of Malaysia), but also shows some influence of Thailand. The famous foods are Kelang Lama Laksa, Lunas Duck Roaster, Yam Rice, Curry Wan Tan Mee, Chicken Leg Wan Tan Mee, Curry Mee, Hokien Char, Prawn Mee(Hokian Mee), Loh Mee, Kuey Teow Teng, Duck Egg Char Kuay Teow, Glutinous Rice Cendol, Chee Cheong Fun, Ice Kacang, Chai Koay, Tom Yam, Stem Fish, Yau Char Kuai, Zhap Chai, and many more.

Notable residents

  • Ahmad Fauzi Saari, professional football player

See also

  • Butterworth–Kulim Expressway
  • Northern Corridor Economic Region
  • Kedah
    Kedah
    Kedah is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area of over 9,000 km², and it consists of the mainland and Langkawi. The mainland has a relatively flat terrain, which is used to grow rice...

  • Butterworth, Penang
    Butterworth, Penang
    Butterworth is the principal town of Seberang Perai in the state of Penang in Malaysia. Named after William John Butterworth, Governor of the Straits Settlements , Butterworth was established in the mid-19th century as a landing place across the channel from the capital of Penang, George Town...

  • Bukit Mertajam
    Bukit Mertajam
    Bukit Mertajam is the capital of Central Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia. It is commonly known as BM among its locals. It is located nearby Kulim, Kedah.-About:...

  • Penang
    Penang
    Penang is a state in Malaysia and the name of its constituent island, located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Strait of Malacca. It is bordered by Kedah in the north and east, and Perak in the south. Penang is the second smallest Malaysian state in area after Perlis, and the...


External links

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