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The Koukoulion (Slavonic: Kukol) is a traditional headress worn by monks
Monks

Monks may refer to:*Plural of monk* Robert Monks -- American entrepreneur, politician, and corporate activist* "Monks " -- a character from Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist...
 of the highest degree in the Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian communion in the world with an estimated 225 million members worldwide. It is considered by its adherents to be the Four Marks of the Church established by Jesus Christ and his Apostles nearly 2000 years ago....
.

From the 17th century, following the reforms of Patriarch Nikon
Patriarch Nikon

Nikon , born Nikita Minin , was the seventh patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church. This was one of the most important periods in the Church's history, as Nikon introduced many reforms which eventually led to a lasting Schism known as Raskol in the Russian language....
, the upper vesture worn by monks of the Great Schema (skhimonakh) was in the form of a pointed hood with two long Lappet
Lappet

A lappet is a decorative flap or fold in a ceremonial headdress or garment. They were a feature of women's headgear until the early 20th century....
s which cover the back and breast.






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Tikhon of Moscow
The Koukoulion (Slavonic: Kukol) is a traditional headress worn by monks
Monks

Monks may refer to:*Plural of monk* Robert Monks -- American entrepreneur, politician, and corporate activist* "Monks " -- a character from Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist...
 of the highest degree in the Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian communion in the world with an estimated 225 million members worldwide. It is considered by its adherents to be the Four Marks of the Church established by Jesus Christ and his Apostles nearly 2000 years ago....
.

From the 17th century, following the reforms of Patriarch Nikon
Patriarch Nikon

Nikon , born Nikita Minin , was the seventh patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church. This was one of the most important periods in the Church's history, as Nikon introduced many reforms which eventually led to a lasting Schism known as Raskol in the Russian language....
, the upper vesture worn by monks of the Great Schema (skhimonakh) was in the form of a pointed hood with two long Lappet
Lappet

A lappet is a decorative flap or fold in a ceremonial headdress or garment. They were a feature of women's headgear until the early 20th century....
s which cover the back and breast. It was black color, and embroidred with crosses, six-winged seraphim, and the text of the Trisagion
Trisagion

The Trisagion is a standard hymn of the Divine Liturgy in most of the Eastern Orthodox Churches, Oriental Orthodox Churches and Eastern Catholic Churches....
. It is worn above the monastic mantle, and is the same for both monks and nun
Nun

A Nun is a woman who has taken special vows committing her to a religious life. She may be an monasticism who voluntarily chooses to leave mainstream society and live her life in prayer and contemplation in a monastery or convent....
s. In the context of monastic vows it is called the koukoulion of kindliness, and the helmet of salvation. The koukoulion replaces the klobuk
Klobuk

A klobuk is an item of clerical clothing worn by Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches Monk#Eastern Orthodox monkss and bishops, especially in the Russian tradition....
 which is worn by the monastics of lower ranks.

The Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia wears a white koukoulion with a "Zion", a stiffened point topped by a cross. He wears this ex officio, whether or not he has been tonsure
Tonsure

Tonsure is the practice of some Christianity churches, mystics, Buddhist novices and Bhikkhus, and some Hindu temples of cutting the hair from the scalp of clerics, devotees or holy people as a symbol of their renunciation of worldly fashion and esteem....
d into the Great Schema. Koukoulia are also worn by the primate
Primate

A primate is a member of the biological order Primates , the group that contains lemurs, the Aye-aye, Lorisidaes, galagos, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes, with the last category including humans....
s of certain other Orthodox Churches, for example the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia
Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia

Catholicos-Patriarch has been the title of the heads of the Georgian Orthodox Church since 1010. The first Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia was Melkisedek I ....
.