Joseph Henry Pendleton
Encyclopedia
Major General Joseph Henry Pendleton (June 2, 1860 – February 4, 1942) was a United States Marine Corps
general for whom Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
is named. Pendleton served in the Marine Corps for over 40 years.
which is today a suburb of Pittsburgh, to Joseph Rhodes Pendleton and Martha Jane Cross. He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy
in 1878. He graduated from the Naval Academy and was appointed a second lieutenant on July 1, 1884.
where he served from August 31, 1884 to February 7, 1885. From here Second Lieutenant Pendleton went to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
in Portsmouth, New Hampshire
, and joined the USS Pensacola on March 20, 1885. On March 6, 1888, Lieutenant Pendleton reported to the Marine Barracks, Brooklyn Navy Yard. His next duty was at the Marine Barracks, Mare Island Naval Shipyard
, California, where he served from May 24, 1889 to May 12, 1892, but between June 21 and October 14, 1891, he was on temporary detached duty on board the AL-KI, cruising the Bering Sea
.
First Lieutenant Pendleton served at the Marine Barracks, Sitka, Alaska, from June 5, 1892 to June 28, 1894 and also from November 3, 1899 to March 21, 1904. On June 28, 1891, Pendleton was promoted to the grade of first lieutenant. During the period intervening between these two tours of duty in Alaska, Lieutenant Pendleton served at Marine Barracks Washington Navy Yard
, New York, Annapolis, and on board the USS Yankee.
First Lieutenant Pendleton was promoted to captain on March 3, 1899 and to major on March 3, 1903. After being detached from the Marine Barracks, Sitka, Alaska, on March 21, 1904, Major Pendleton reported to the Marine Barracks, Mare Island, California, on April 2, 1904. On May 28, 1904, he joined the First Brigade of Marines in the Philippines
and on April 7, 1905. reported to Olongapo City
, where he served until January 27, 1906.
From February 5, to July 26, 1906, Major Pendleton commanded the Marines on the Island of Guam
. From September 29, 1906 to September 20, 1909, Major Pendleton commanded the Marine Barracks at Navy Yard Puget Sound, Bremerton, Washington
.
. On May 23, 1911, Lieutenant Colonel Pendleton was promoted to the grade of colonel.
and Europe, reporting to the Marine Barracks Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on August 1, 1912. Colonel Pendleton was detached on temporary foreign shore service from August 23, 1912, until December 16, 1912. This foreign service covered the period of the 1912 operations
in Nicaragua
. Colonel Pendleton was in command of the Marines during this campaign in the skirmishes at Massaya
and Chichigalpa
, and the capture of Coyotepe and Leon. From February 19, to June 1, 1913, Colonel Pendleton was absent with an expeditionary force at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
, Cuba
. On August 20, 1913, he was detached from the Marine Barracks at Portsmouth.
From September 13, 1913 to December 19, 1914, Colonel Pendleton was in command of the Marine Barracks at Puget Sound, Washington, and was absent on expeditionary duty for a good part of this period.
From February 3, to December 31, 1916, Colonel Pendleton was in command of the Marine Barracks at San Diego, but from June 6, to December 31, 1916, he was absent on expeditionary duty in command of the Fourth Regiment. He was placed in command of all Naval Forces ashore in Santo Domingo
on June 19, 1916 as part of the occupation of the Dominican Republic
. Colonel Pendleton was promoted to Brigadier General on August 29, 1916.
On November 22, 1916, Brigadier General Pendleton was detailed to command the Second Provisional Brigade in Santo Domingo, and on December 31, 1916 was detached from the Marine Barracks, San Diego, and assigned to permanent duty in Santo Domingo. Brigadier General Pendleton was acting Military Governor of Santo Domingo from October 29, to November 29, 1917, and on March 18, 1918 was designated Military Governor of Santo Domingo, temporarily in the absence of the Military Governor. He was detached from Santo Domingo on October 21, 1918 and reported to Headquarters, Marine Corps
, Washington, D.C. on October 28, 1918.
From November 11, 1918 to September 25, 1919, Brigadier General Pendleton commanded the Marine Barracks at Parris Island
, South Carolina, and on October 1, 1919, joined the Second Advanced Base Force at San Diego, as its Commanding General.
From October 1, to November 7, 1921, General Pendleton was in command of the Department of the Pacific at San Francisco. Upon the establishment of the Fifth Brigade of Marines on October 4, 1921, General Pendleton was assigned to that organization as the commanding officer. In addition to these duties he was assigned the additional duty as Commanding General Department of the Pacific in the absence of General Barnett, from May 13, 1922 to September 2, 1922.
Pendleton was promoted to Major General on December 10, 1923.
From February 9, to March 29, 1924, General Pendleton was on duty inspecting Marine Corps stations and organizations in Central America and West Indies. After this inspection trip, he was on a short tour of duty at Headquarters Marine Corps and on May 12, 1924, he resumed duties at San Diego, as Commanding Officer of the Fifth Brigade Marines.
and the Distinguished Service Medal
.
The following were named for Pendleton:
United States Marine Corps
The United States Marine Corps is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for providing power projection from the sea, using the mobility of the United States Navy to deliver combined-arms task forces rapidly. It is one of seven uniformed services of the United States...
general for whom Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast base of the United States Marine Corps and serves as its prime amphibious training base...
is named. Pendleton served in the Marine Corps for over 40 years.
Biography
Joseph Henry Pendleton was born on June 2, 1860 in Rochester, PennsylvaniaRochester, Pennsylvania
Rochester is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located northwest of Pittsburgh, it is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The population was 4,014 at the 2000 census....
which is today a suburb of Pittsburgh, to Joseph Rhodes Pendleton and Martha Jane Cross. He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy
United States Naval Academy
The United States Naval Academy is a four-year coeducational federal service academy located in Annapolis, Maryland, United States...
in 1878. He graduated from the Naval Academy and was appointed a second lieutenant on July 1, 1884.
Early Marine Corps career
His first duty was performed at the Marine Barracks, Brooklyn Navy YardBrooklyn Navy Yard
The United States Navy Yard, New York–better known as the Brooklyn Navy Yard or the New York Naval Shipyard –was an American shipyard located in Brooklyn, northeast of the Battery on the East River in Wallabout Basin, a semicircular bend of the river across from Corlear's Hook in Manhattan...
where he served from August 31, 1884 to February 7, 1885. From here Second Lieutenant Pendleton went to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard , often called the Portsmouth Navy Yard, is a United States Navy shipyard located in Kittery on the southern boundary of Maine near the city of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. It is used for remodeling and repairing the Navy's ships...
in Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire in the United States. It is the largest city but only the fourth-largest community in the county, with a population of 21,233 at the 2010 census...
, and joined the USS Pensacola on March 20, 1885. On March 6, 1888, Lieutenant Pendleton reported to the Marine Barracks, Brooklyn Navy Yard. His next duty was at the Marine Barracks, Mare Island Naval Shipyard
Mare Island Naval Shipyard
The Mare Island Naval Shipyard was the first United States Navy base established on the Pacific Ocean. It is located 25 miles northeast of San Francisco in Vallejo, California. The Napa River goes through the Mare Island Strait and separates the peninsula shipyard from the main portion of the...
, California, where he served from May 24, 1889 to May 12, 1892, but between June 21 and October 14, 1891, he was on temporary detached duty on board the AL-KI, cruising the Bering Sea
Bering Sea
The Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It comprises a deep water basin, which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelves....
.
First Lieutenant Pendleton served at the Marine Barracks, Sitka, Alaska, from June 5, 1892 to June 28, 1894 and also from November 3, 1899 to March 21, 1904. On June 28, 1891, Pendleton was promoted to the grade of first lieutenant. During the period intervening between these two tours of duty in Alaska, Lieutenant Pendleton served at Marine Barracks Washington Navy Yard
Washington Navy Yard
The Washington Navy Yard is the former shipyard and ordnance plant of the United States Navy in Southeast Washington, D.C. It is the oldest shore establishment of the U.S. Navy...
, New York, Annapolis, and on board the USS Yankee.
First Lieutenant Pendleton was promoted to captain on March 3, 1899 and to major on March 3, 1903. After being detached from the Marine Barracks, Sitka, Alaska, on March 21, 1904, Major Pendleton reported to the Marine Barracks, Mare Island, California, on April 2, 1904. On May 28, 1904, he joined the First Brigade of Marines in the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
and on April 7, 1905. reported to Olongapo City
Olongapo City
The City of Olongapo is a highly urbanized city located in the province of Zambales, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 227,270 people in 50,300 households.-History:...
, where he served until January 27, 1906.
From February 5, to July 26, 1906, Major Pendleton commanded the Marines on the Island of Guam
Guam
Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United...
. From September 29, 1906 to September 20, 1909, Major Pendleton commanded the Marine Barracks at Navy Yard Puget Sound, Bremerton, Washington
Bremerton, Washington
Bremerton is a city in Kitsap County, Washington, United States. The population was 38,790 at the 2011 State Estimate, making it the largest city on the Olympic Peninsula. Bremerton is home to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and the Bremerton Annex of Naval Base Kitsap...
.
Service in Cuba and the Philippines
On January 1, 1908, Major Pendleton was promoted to the grade of lieutenant colonel. Lieutenant Colonel Pendleton joined the First Brigade of Marines in the Philippines for his second tour of duty there, on November 4, 1902. He performed duty as the Commanding Officer of the First Brigade and the Post Commander, and Commanding Officer of the First Brigade and the Post Commander, and Commanding Officer of the First Regiment, at Olongapo CityOlongapo City
The City of Olongapo is a highly urbanized city located in the province of Zambales, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 227,270 people in 50,300 households.-History:...
. On May 23, 1911, Lieutenant Colonel Pendleton was promoted to the grade of colonel.
Service in Nicaragua and Cuba, 1912–1913
He was detached from the Philippine Islands on May 6, 1912 and returned to the United States via the Suez CanalSuez Canal
The Suez Canal , also known by the nickname "The Highway to India", is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigation...
and Europe, reporting to the Marine Barracks Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on August 1, 1912. Colonel Pendleton was detached on temporary foreign shore service from August 23, 1912, until December 16, 1912. This foreign service covered the period of the 1912 operations
Occupation of Nicaragua
The United States occupation of Nicaragua was part of the larger conflict known as the Banana Wars. The formal occupation began in 1912, although several other operations were conducted before the full scale invasion. United States military interventions in Nicaragua were intended to prevent the...
in Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
. Colonel Pendleton was in command of the Marines during this campaign in the skirmishes at Massaya
Massaya
Massaya, is the name given to the Winery and Arak Distillery owned and operated by Ghosn brothers Sami and Ramzi. Situated in North of the Bekaa Valley in Lebanon near Chtaura and Zahle and 38km from Baalbek, the winery and distillery are located on the Tanaïl property which is also home to...
and Chichigalpa
Chichigalpa
Chichigalpa is a town and municipality in the Chinandega Department of Nicaragua.-Pre-Columbian:It is presumed that Chichigalpa's first inhabitants arrived from the north. While their civilizations were not as advanced as those of the Aztecs and the Incans, they arrived at Chichigalpa due to a...
, and the capture of Coyotepe and Leon. From February 19, to June 1, 1913, Colonel Pendleton was absent with an expeditionary force at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base is located on of land and water at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba which the United States leased for use as a coaling station following the Cuban-American Treaty of 1903. The base is located on the shore of Guantánamo Bay at the southeastern end of Cuba. It is the oldest overseas...
, Cuba
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
. On August 20, 1913, he was detached from the Marine Barracks at Portsmouth.
From September 13, 1913 to December 19, 1914, Colonel Pendleton was in command of the Marine Barracks at Puget Sound, Washington, and was absent on expeditionary duty for a good part of this period.
Service in San Diego
He was absent in command of the Fourth Regiment from April 17, to December 19, 1914, on board the USS South Dakota, and at Camp Howard, North Island, San Diego. From December 19, 1914 to February 3, 1916, Colonel Pendleton was in command of the Fourth Regiment at San Diego, part of the time being absent on expeditionary duty and temporary sea duty with the Pacific Fleet.From February 3, to December 31, 1916, Colonel Pendleton was in command of the Marine Barracks at San Diego, but from June 6, to December 31, 1916, he was absent on expeditionary duty in command of the Fourth Regiment. He was placed in command of all Naval Forces ashore in Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo, known officially as Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is the capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic. Its metropolitan population was 2,084,852 in 2003, and estimated at 3,294,385 in 2010. The city is located on the Caribbean Sea, at the mouth of the Ozama River...
on June 19, 1916 as part of the occupation of the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
. Colonel Pendleton was promoted to Brigadier General on August 29, 1916.
On November 22, 1916, Brigadier General Pendleton was detailed to command the Second Provisional Brigade in Santo Domingo, and on December 31, 1916 was detached from the Marine Barracks, San Diego, and assigned to permanent duty in Santo Domingo. Brigadier General Pendleton was acting Military Governor of Santo Domingo from October 29, to November 29, 1917, and on March 18, 1918 was designated Military Governor of Santo Domingo, temporarily in the absence of the Military Governor. He was detached from Santo Domingo on October 21, 1918 and reported to Headquarters, Marine Corps
Headquarters Marine Corps
Headquarters Marine Corps is a headquarters staff within the Department of the Navy which includes the offices of the Commandant of the Marine Corps, the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps and various staff functions...
, Washington, D.C. on October 28, 1918.
From November 11, 1918 to September 25, 1919, Brigadier General Pendleton commanded the Marine Barracks at Parris Island
Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island
Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island is an military installation located within Port Royal, South Carolina, approximately south of Beaufort, the community that is typically associated with the installation. MCRD Parris Island is used for the training of enlisted Marines...
, South Carolina, and on October 1, 1919, joined the Second Advanced Base Force at San Diego, as its Commanding General.
From October 1, to November 7, 1921, General Pendleton was in command of the Department of the Pacific at San Francisco. Upon the establishment of the Fifth Brigade of Marines on October 4, 1921, General Pendleton was assigned to that organization as the commanding officer. In addition to these duties he was assigned the additional duty as Commanding General Department of the Pacific in the absence of General Barnett, from May 13, 1922 to September 2, 1922.
Pendleton was promoted to Major General on December 10, 1923.
From February 9, to March 29, 1924, General Pendleton was on duty inspecting Marine Corps stations and organizations in Central America and West Indies. After this inspection trip, he was on a short tour of duty at Headquarters Marine Corps and on May 12, 1924, he resumed duties at San Diego, as Commanding Officer of the Fifth Brigade Marines.
Retirement
On June 2, 1924, at the age of 64, Pendleton retired after 40 years of service in the Marine Corps. He settled in Coronado, California and served as mayor from 1928 to 1930. He died on February 4, 1942, at his home at age 81.Awards and honors
Pendleton's awards include the Navy CrossNavy Cross
The Navy Cross is the highest decoration that may be bestowed by the Department of the Navy and the second highest decoration given for valor. It is normally only awarded to members of the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps and United States Coast Guard, but can be awarded to all...
and the Distinguished Service Medal
Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
The Distinguished Service Medal is the highest non-valorous military and civilian decoration of the United States military which is issued for exceptionally meritorious service to the government of the United States in either a senior government service position or as a senior officer of the United...
.
The following were named for Pendleton:
- Marine Corps Base Camp PendletonMarine Corps Base Camp PendletonMarine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast base of the United States Marine Corps and serves as its prime amphibious training base...
- Pendleton Hall, the Depot Headquarters building at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot San DiegoMarine Corps Recruit Depot San DiegoMarine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego is a United States Marine Corps military installation in San Diego, California. It lies between San Diego Bay and Interstate 5, adjacent to San Diego International Airport and the former Naval Training Center San Diego...
- Mary Fay Pendleton Elementary School was named after his wife