Mount
Ithome (
GreekThe Greek alphabet is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BCE. It is the first and oldest alphabet in the narrow sense that it notes each vowel and consonant with a separate symbol. It is as such in continuous use to...
: Ἰθώμη) is a mountain in
MesseniaMessenia or Messinia is a prefecture in the Peloponnese, a region of Greece. Messenia is bounded on the east by Mount Taygetus, on the north by the river Neda and the Arcadian Mountains, and on the west and south by the Mediterranean Sea, more specifically on the west by the Ionian Sea, and on the...
,
GreeceGreece , officially the Hellenic Republic , is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula....
that rises to about 800 m. As the most defensible point in the surrounding territory, it was the center of Messenian resistance during the
Second Messenian WarThe first two Messenian Wars were wars between Messenia and Sparta in the 8th and 7th centuries BC.*First Messenian War*Second Messenian War...
in the
6th century BCThe sixth century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC.In India, Panini, sometime during this century, composed a grammar for Sanskrit, which is the one of oldest extant grammar of any language after 15 other proto-dravidian languages like Brahmi.In the Near East,...
. Ithome was also the center of the Helot revolt in
463 BC-Greece:* In Athens, the democratic statesman Ephialtes and the young Pericles attempt to get the oligarchic Kimon ostracized for allegedly receiving bribes. Kimon is charged by Pericles and other democratic politicians with having been bribed not to attack the King of Macedonia...
. Also, the western foot of Ithome was selected as the site for the city of
MesseneMessene is a town in the prefecture of Messinia in southern Greece. In antiquity, it was a Doric Greek city-state founded by Epaminondas in 369 BC, after the battle of Leuctra and the first Theban invasion of the Peloponnese...
when it was rebuilt by
EpaminondasEpaminondas was a Theban general and statesman of the 4th century BC who transformed the Ancient Greek city-state of Thebes, leading it out of Spartan subjugation into a preeminent position in Greek politics...
in
369 BC-Greece:* After driving off the Spartan army that has threatened Mantinea, Epaminondas of Thebes moves south and crosses the Evrotas River , which no hostile army has breached in historical memory...
.
In ancient times, a temple dedicated to Zeus Ithomatas (Zeus of Ithome) existed on the summit.
Discussion
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Mount
Ithome (
GreekThe Greek alphabet is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BCE. It is the first and oldest alphabet in the narrow sense that it notes each vowel and consonant with a separate symbol. It is as such in continuous use to...
: Ἰθώμη) is a mountain in
MesseniaMessenia or Messinia is a prefecture in the Peloponnese, a region of Greece. Messenia is bounded on the east by Mount Taygetus, on the north by the river Neda and the Arcadian Mountains, and on the west and south by the Mediterranean Sea, more specifically on the west by the Ionian Sea, and on the...
,
GreeceGreece , officially the Hellenic Republic , is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula....
that rises to about 800 m. As the most defensible point in the surrounding territory, it was the center of Messenian resistance during the
Second Messenian WarThe first two Messenian Wars were wars between Messenia and Sparta in the 8th and 7th centuries BC.*First Messenian War*Second Messenian War...
in the
6th century BCThe sixth century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC.In India, Panini, sometime during this century, composed a grammar for Sanskrit, which is the one of oldest extant grammar of any language after 15 other proto-dravidian languages like Brahmi.In the Near East,...
. Ithome was also the center of the Helot revolt in
463 BC-Greece:* In Athens, the democratic statesman Ephialtes and the young Pericles attempt to get the oligarchic Kimon ostracized for allegedly receiving bribes. Kimon is charged by Pericles and other democratic politicians with having been bribed not to attack the King of Macedonia...
. Also, the western foot of Ithome was selected as the site for the city of
MesseneMessene is a town in the prefecture of Messinia in southern Greece. In antiquity, it was a Doric Greek city-state founded by Epaminondas in 369 BC, after the battle of Leuctra and the first Theban invasion of the Peloponnese...
when it was rebuilt by
EpaminondasEpaminondas was a Theban general and statesman of the 4th century BC who transformed the Ancient Greek city-state of Thebes, leading it out of Spartan subjugation into a preeminent position in Greek politics...
in
369 BC-Greece:* After driving off the Spartan army that has threatened Mantinea, Epaminondas of Thebes moves south and crosses the Evrotas River , which no hostile army has breached in historical memory...
.
In ancient times, a temple dedicated to Zeus Ithomatas (Zeus of Ithome) existed on the summit. It was replaced later (ca 17th century) by the (now closed) Old Monastery of Panagia Voulkanou.
See also
- Runestone Sö 170 in Sweden.