Isotopes of vanadium
Encyclopedia
Naturally occurring vanadium
(V) is composed of one stable isotope
51V and one radioactive isotope 50V with a half-life
of 1.5×1017 years. 24 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized (in the range of mass number
between 40 and 65) with the most stable being 49V with a half-life of 330 days, and 48V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, the majority of them below 10 seconds, the least stable being 42V with a half-life shorter than 55 nanoseconds, with all of the isotopes lighter than it, and none of the heavier, have unknown half-lives. In 4 isotopes, metastable excited states
were found (including 2 metastable states for 60V), which adds up to 5 meta states.
The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope 51V is electron capture
. The next most common mode is beta decay
. The primary decay product
s before 51V are element 22 (titanium
) isotopes and the primary products after are element 24 (chromium
) isotopes.
Standard atomic mass: 50.9415(1) u
Vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery gray, ductile and malleable transition metal. The formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the metal against oxidation. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature...
(V) is composed of one stable isotope
Isotope
Isotopes are variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons. Atoms of a particular element by definition must contain the same number of protons but may have a distinct number of neutrons which differs from atom to atom, without changing the designation...
51V and one radioactive isotope 50V with a half-life
Half-life
Half-life, abbreviated t½, is the period of time it takes for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The name was originally used to describe a characteristic of unstable atoms , but it may apply to any quantity which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to...
of 1.5×1017 years. 24 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized (in the range of mass number
Mass number
The mass number , also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. Because protons and neutrons both are baryons, the mass number A is identical with the baryon number B as of the nucleus as of the whole atom or ion...
between 40 and 65) with the most stable being 49V with a half-life of 330 days, and 48V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, the majority of them below 10 seconds, the least stable being 42V with a half-life shorter than 55 nanoseconds, with all of the isotopes lighter than it, and none of the heavier, have unknown half-lives. In 4 isotopes, metastable excited states
Nuclear isomer
A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons . "Metastable" refers to the fact that these excited states have half-lives more than 100 to 1000 times the half-lives of the other possible excited nuclear states...
were found (including 2 metastable states for 60V), which adds up to 5 meta states.
The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope 51V is electron capture
Electron capture
Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...
. The next most common mode is beta decay
Beta decay
In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a...
. The primary decay product
Decay product
In nuclear physics, a decay product is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay. Radioactive decay often involves a sequence of steps...
s before 51V are element 22 (titanium
Titanium
Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal with a silver color....
) isotopes and the primary products after are element 24 (chromium
Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish and has a high melting point. It is also odorless, tasteless, and malleable...
) isotopes.
Standard atomic mass: 50.9415(1) u
Table
| nuclide symbol |
Z(p Proton The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number.... ) |
N(n Neutron The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of... ) |
isotopic mass (u) |
half-lifeBold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable) | decay mode(s)Abbreviations: EC: Electron capture Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino... IT: Isomeric transition Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer.... |
daughter isotope(s)Bold for stable isotopes |
nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| excitation energy | |||||||||
| 40V | 23 | 17 | 40.01109(54)# | p Proton emission Proton emission is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus. Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay, in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state of very... |
39Ti | 2-# | |||
| 41V | 23 | 18 | 40.99978(22)# | p | 40Ti | 7/2-# | |||
| 42V | 23 | 19 | 41.99123(21)# | <55 ns | p | 41Ti | 2-# | ||
| 43V | 23 | 20 | 42.98065(25)# | 80# ms | β+ Beta decay In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a... |
43Ti | 7/2-# | ||
| 44V | 23 | 21 | 43.97411(13) | 111(7) ms | β+ (>99.9%) | 44Ti | (2+) | ||
| α Alpha decay Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle and thereby transforms into an atom with a mass number 4 less and atomic number 2 less... (<.1%) |
40Sc | ||||||||
| 44mV | 270(100)# keV | 150(3) ms | β+ | 44Ti | (6+) | ||||
| 45V | 23 | 22 | 44.965776(18) | 547(6) ms | β+ | 45Ti | 7/2- | ||
| 46V | 23 | 23 | 45.9602005(11) | 422.50(11) ms | β+ | 46Ti | 0+ | ||
| 46mV | 801.46(10) keV | 1.02(7) ms | IT Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer.... |
46V | 3+ | ||||
| 47V | 23 | 24 | 46.9549089(9) | 32.6(3) min | β+ | 47Ti | 3/2- | ||
| 48V | 23 | 25 | 47.9522537(27) | 15.9735(25) d | β+ | 48Ti | 4+ | ||
| 49V | 23 | 26 | 48.9485161(12) | 329(3) d | EC Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino... |
49Ti | 7/2- | ||
| 50VPrimordial Primordial nuclide In geochemistry and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides or primordial isotopes are nuclides found on the earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Only 288 such nuclides are known... radionuclide Radionuclide A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy available to be imparted either to a newly created radiation particle within the nucleus or to an atomic electron. The radionuclide, in this process, undergoes radioactive decay, and emits gamma... |
23 | 27 | 49.9471585(11) | 1.4(4)×1017 a | β+ (83%) | 50Ti | 6+ | 0.00250(4) | 0.002487-0.002502 |
| β- (17%) | 50Cr | ||||||||
| 51V | 23 | 28 | 50.9439595(11) | Stable | 7/2- | 0.99750(4) | 0.997498-0.997513 | ||
| 52V | 23 | 29 | 51.9447755(11) | 3.743(5) min | β- | 52Cr | 3+ | ||
| 53V | 23 | 30 | 52.944338(3) | 1.60(4) min | β- | 53Cr | 7/2- | ||
| 54V | 23 | 31 | 53.946440(16) | 49.8(5) s | β- | 54Cr | 3+ | ||
| 54mV | 108(3) keV | 900(500) ns | (5+) | ||||||
| 55V | 23 | 32 | 54.94723(11) | 6.54(15) s | β- | 55Cr | (7/2-)# | ||
| 56V | 23 | 33 | 55.95053(22) | 216(4) ms | β- (>99.9%) | 56Cr | (1+) | ||
| β-, n Neutron emission Neutron emission is a type of radioactive decay of atoms containing excess neutrons, in which a neutron is simply ejected from the nucleus. Two examples of isotopes which emit neutrons are helium-5 and beryllium-13... |
55Cr | ||||||||
| 57V | 23 | 34 | 56.95256(25) | 0.35(1) s | β- (>99.9%) | 57Cr | (3/2-) | ||
| β-, n (<.1%) | 56Cr | ||||||||
| 58V | 23 | 35 | 57.95683(27) | 191(8) ms | β- (>99.9%) | 58Cr | 3+# | ||
| β-, n (<.1%) | 57Cr | ||||||||
| 59V | 23 | 36 | 58.96021(33) | 75(7) ms | β- (>99.9%) | 59Cr | 7/2-# | ||
| β-, n (<.1%) | 58Cr | ||||||||
| 60V | 23 | 37 | 59.96503(51) | 122(18) ms | β- (>99.9%) | 60Cr | 3+# | ||
| β-, n (<.1%) | 59Cr | ||||||||
| 60m1V | 0(150)# keV | 40(15) ms | 1+# | ||||||
| 60m2V | 101(1) keV | >400 ns | |||||||
| 61V | 23 | 38 | 60.96848(43)# | 47.0(12) ms | β- | 61Cr | 7/2-# | ||
| 62V | 23 | 39 | 61.97378(54)# | 33.5(20) ms | β- | 62Cr | 3+# | ||
| 63V | 23 | 40 | 62.97755(64)# | 17(3) ms | β- | 63Cr | (7/2-)# | ||
| 64V | 23 | 41 | 63.98347(75)# | 10# ms [>300 ns] | |||||
| 65V | 23 | 42 | 64.98792(86)# | 10# ms | 5/2-# | ||||