Isaac Tyrnau

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Isaac Tyrnau

Isaac Tyrnau was an Austrian

Archduchy of Austria

The Archduchy of Austria , one of the most important states within the Holy Roman Empire, was the center of the Habsburg Monarchy and the predecessor of the Austrian Empire....
(or Hungarian

Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary , which existed from 1000 to 1918, and then from 1920 to 1946, was a considerable state in Central Europe....
) rabbi

Rabbi

Rabbi , in Judaism, means a religious ?teacher?, or more literally, ?my great one?, when addressing any master. The word rabbi derives from the Hebrew root word , rav, which in biblical Hebrew means ?great?, used in many senses, including the sense of a ?master? and apprentice, whence someone who is a distinguished ?teacher?....
, active in the late 14th century; he is most famous for his Sefer haMinhagim (Book of Customs).

le is known about his life. He was born in Vienna

Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
and later moved to Tyrnau

Tyrnau

Tyrnau is a town in the district of Graz-Umgebung in Styria in Austria....
in Austria

Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
, although some suggest Trnava
Trnava

Trnava is a city in western Slovakia, 47 km to the north-east of Bratislava, on the Trn?vka river. It is the capital of a Regions of Slovakia and of an Districts of Slovakia ....
, in modern day Slovakia

Slovakia

Slovakia . It was amended in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president and again in February 2001 due to EU admission requirements....
. He studied

Torah study

Torah study is the study by Jewish people of the Torah, Tanakh, Talmud, responsa, rabbinic literature and similar works, all of which are Judaism's religious texts....
under Abraham Klausner

Abraham Klausner

Rabbi Abraham Klausner was a Jewish United States Army captain and chaplain who became a ?father figure? for the more than 30,000 emaciated survivors found at Dachau Concentration Camp, northwest of Munich, shortly after it was liberated on April 29 1945....
of Vienna

Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
and Sar Shalom of Neustadt

Neustadt

Neustadt may refer to:...
. It is possible that he later served as rabbi in Pressburg, although this is debated by scholars.

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Encyclopedia

Isaac Tyrnau was an Austrian

Archduchy of Austria

The Archduchy of Austria , one of the most important states within the Holy Roman Empire, was the center of the Habsburg Monarchy and the predecessor of the Austrian Empire....
(or Hungarian

Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary , which existed from 1000 to 1918, and then from 1920 to 1946, was a considerable state in Central Europe....
) rabbi

Rabbi

Biography

Little is known about his life. He was born in Vienna

Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
and later moved to Tyrnau

Tyrnau

Tyrnau is a town in the district of Graz-Umgebung in Styria in Austria....
in Austria

Austria

Slovakia

Slovakia . It was amended in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president and again in February 2001 due to EU admission requirements....
. He studied

Torah study

Torah study is the study by Jewish people of the Torah, Tanakh, Talmud, responsa, rabbinic literature and similar works, all of which are Judaism's religious texts....
under Abraham Klausner

Abraham Klausner

Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
and Sar Shalom of Neustadt

Neustadt

Neustadt may refer to:...
. It is possible that he later served as rabbi in Pressburg, although this is debated by scholars. His correspondence with Jacob Moellin regarding a divorce (1420) is recorded. Gabriel Polak and Israel Böhmer published (Königsberg

Königsberg

K?nigsberg was after World War II in 1946 renamed Kaliningrad by the Soviet Union.The city was the Capital of East Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945....
, 1857) an anonymous story entitled "Ezba' Elohim," the heroes of which are Isaac Tyrnau and his beautiful daughter. According to legend, a Hungarian prince fell in love with Tyrnau's daughter, converted to Judaism, renounced the throne and married Tyrnau's daughter.

Works

Sefer haMinhagim (Book of Customs) is a compendium of halachot
Halakha

Halakha ? also Hebrew transliteration Halocho and Halacha ? is the collective body of Judaism religious law, including biblical law and later talmudic and rabbinic law, as well as customs and traditions....
("Jewish laws") and minhag
Minhag

Minhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism. A related concept, Nusach , refers to the traditional order and form of the Jewish services....
im ("customs") of Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews

File:Juden 1881.JPGAshkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim , are the Jews descended from the medieval Jewish ethnic divisions of the Rhineland in the west of Germany....
, arranged according to the calendar. The work is significantly influenced by those of Tyrnau's teachers. It also contains notes from a Hungarian rabbi, which were already attached with the first printed edition of Tyrnau's work (1566).

Tyrnau's work is noted as the first to discuss in detail the idea of the Yahrzeit (the commemoration of the anniversary of a death). It was translated into German

German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
in 1590, and often reprinted. It also contains a treatise on morals entitled "Orhot Hayyim," in 132 sections, which is appended to the Sefer haMinhagim.

Isaac Tyrnau is quoted by Mordechai Jaffe

Mordecai Yoffe

Rabbi Mordecai ben Avraham Yoffe was the author of Levush Malkhut, a ten-volume codification of religious laws that particularly stressed the customs of the Judaism of Eastern Europe....
at the end of his "Lebush" on Orah Hayyim. This work was to some extent superseded by Minhagei Maharil by Rabbi Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin

Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin

Jacob b. Moses Moelin was a Talmudist and posek best known for his codification of the customs of the Ashkenazi. He is also known as Maharil - the hebrew language acronym for "Our Teacher, the Rabbi, Yaakov Levi" - as well as Mahari Segal or Mahari Moelin....
(Maharil), 1556.

External links

References

, jewishencyclopedia.com
, seforimonline.org

Resources

(Hebrew
Hebrew language

Hebrew is a Semitic languages of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Modern Hebrew is spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Classical Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jews communities around the world....
Fulltext, PDF)