Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain
Encyclopedia
Sebastian Gabriel de Borbon y de Braganza, (Rio de Janeiro
, 1811 – Pau
, 1875) Infante of Portugal and Spain, was a royal of the 19th century, progenitor of the ducal lines of Hernani
, Ansola, Durcal
and Marchena, and Carlist army commander in the First Carlist War
.
in 1811 as the only child of Infanta Teresa, Princess of Beira
and Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal
. His mother was the eldest daughter of King John VI of Portugal
(and also a granddaughter of King Charles IV of Spain
); and his father, who died before Sebastian was born, was a male-line grandson of King Charles III of Spain
as well as a female-line grandson of the Queen regnant Maria I of Portugal
and Brazil. Sebastian was soon granted the title of Infante of Portugal and Brazil. However, because he was quite a distant descendant (great-grandson) in male line of any Spanish monarch, he was not Infante of Spain from birth.
However in 1824 he was granted also the style of Infante of Spain by his maternal granduncle King Ferdinand VII of Spain.
Sebastian's mother remarried two decades later, in 1838, her uncle, Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
, the first Carlist pretender of Spain. Teresa had been Carlist supporter since the succession dispute started in 1833, and spent her time in Carlist camp, usually in northern Spain.
Sebastian participated in the second siege of Bilbao
and became commander of the Carlist Army of the North from December 30, 1836. He won the Battle of Oriamendi
(March 16, 1837) against the British Legion
under George de Lacy Evans
. Then he led the failed Royal Expedition against Madrid and was sacked upon its return to the north in late 1837.
, the then 23-year-old Sebastian was excluded, by law of the Cortes, ratified by royal decree of Regent Maria Christina
, from the Spanish succession, on grounds of his being rebel against Isabella II of Spain
with Don Carlos' rebellion. Sebastian was also declared to be stripped from his Spanish titles and status as a dynast.
The same exclusion was legislated also to Don Carlos, Carlos' sons, and Sebastian's uncle the deposed Miguel I of Portugal, as well as to Sebastian's mother Teresa.
Much later, in 1859, Sebastian was restored to his Spanish titles, in conjunction with his second marriage. He returned to Spain from Naples where he had lived since the eind of the war in 1839.
Firstly Sebastian had married to his cousin Princess Maria Amalia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
but the marriage, which lasted several decades, remained childless.
When widowed at the age of 50, he remarried on November 19, 1860, this time to his cousin Infanta Maria Cristina of Spain, decades his junior. They produced three surviving sons, who were each granted their own dukedoms.
Some information on their children:
The last head of one of these branches, the duke of Hernani
, adopted in 1970's their distant cousin, Infanta Margarita of Spain, Duchess of Soria who thus became the next and current Duchess of Hernani.
After the overthrow of Isabella II of Spain
in 1868 he moved to Pau, where he tried to reconcile the Carlist and Isabeline branches of the House of Bourbon, without success.
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
, 1811 – Pau
Pau, Girona
Pau is a municipality in the comarca of Alt Empordà, Girona, Catalonia, Spain....
, 1875) Infante of Portugal and Spain, was a royal of the 19th century, progenitor of the ducal lines of Hernani
Hernani, Spain
Hernani is a town and municipality located in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the Basque Country, Spain. It is located at Latitude: 43° 16' 0N , Longitude: 1° 58' 0W. Hernani has an altitude of 200 ft .-External links:* and Basque.* Basque, , and ....
, Ansola, Durcal
Dúrcal
Dúrcal is a Spanish municipality located in the northeastern part Lecrín Valley , in the autonomous community of Andalusia, one of the fifty-one entities that make up the metropolitan area of Granada. It borders the municipalities of Dílar, Lanjaron Nigüelas Villamena and the Padul. Other nearby...
and Marchena, and Carlist army commander in the First Carlist War
First Carlist War
The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833-1839.-Historical background:At the beginning of the 18th century, Philip V, the first Bourbon king of Spain, promulgated the Salic Law, which declared illegal the inheritance of the Spanish crown by women...
.
Family
He was born in Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
in 1811 as the only child of Infanta Teresa, Princess of Beira
Teresa, Princess of Beira
Infanta Maria Teresa of Portugal was the firstborn child of John VI of Portugal and Charlotte of Spain, and heir to the throne of Portugal between 1793 and 1795, until her short-lived brother António Pio was born.Maria Teresa Francisca de Assis Antónia Carlota Joana Josefa Xavier de Paula Micaela...
and Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal
Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal
Pedro Carlos de Borbón y Braganza was an Infante of Spain and Portugal.-Family:...
. His mother was the eldest daughter of King John VI of Portugal
John VI of Portugal
John VI John VI John VI (full name: João Maria José Francisco Xavier de Paula Luís António Domingos Rafael; (13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826) was King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (later changed to just King of Portugal and the Algarves, after Brazil was recognized...
(and also a granddaughter of King Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV was King of Spain from 14 December 1788 until his abdication on 19 March 1808.-Early life:...
); and his father, who died before Sebastian was born, was a male-line grandson of King Charles III of Spain
Charles III of Spain
Charles III was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies from 1759 to 1788. He was the eldest son of Philip V of Spain and his second wife, the Princess Elisabeth Farnese...
as well as a female-line grandson of the Queen regnant Maria I of Portugal
Maria I of Portugal
Maria I was Queen regnant of Portugal and the Algarves from 1777 until her death. Known as Maria the Pious , or Maria the Mad , she was the first undisputed Queen regnant of Portugal...
and Brazil. Sebastian was soon granted the title of Infante of Portugal and Brazil. However, because he was quite a distant descendant (great-grandson) in male line of any Spanish monarch, he was not Infante of Spain from birth.
However in 1824 he was granted also the style of Infante of Spain by his maternal granduncle King Ferdinand VII of Spain.
Civil War
In Portugal, the country was in effective civil war since 1826, when "usurper-king" Miguel I of Portugal and his elder brother Pedro IV of Portugal (both were uncles to Sebastian) battled, until 1834.Sebastian's mother remarried two decades later, in 1838, her uncle, Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
The Infante Carlos of Spain was the second surviving son of King Charles IV of Spain and of his wife, Maria Luisa of Parma. As Carlos V he was the first of the Carlist claimants to the throne of Spain...
, the first Carlist pretender of Spain. Teresa had been Carlist supporter since the succession dispute started in 1833, and spent her time in Carlist camp, usually in northern Spain.
Sebastian participated in the second siege of Bilbao
Bilbao
Bilbao ) is a Spanish municipality, capital of the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. With a population of 353,187 , it is the largest city of its autonomous community and the tenth largest in Spain...
and became commander of the Carlist Army of the North from December 30, 1836. He won the Battle of Oriamendi
Battle of Oriamendi
The Battle of Oriamendi was a battle fought on 16 March 1837 during the First Carlist War.The battle was part of a campaign in spring 1837 when the liberal Army tried to chase the Carlists from the Basque Country...
(March 16, 1837) against the British Legion
British Legion (1835)
The Auxiliary Legion or the British Legion of the Spanish Legion existed from 1835 to 1837. It was a British military force sent to Spain to support the Liberals and Queen Isabella II of Spain against the Carlists in the First Carlist War.-History:Under the Quadruple Alliance Great Britain had...
under George de Lacy Evans
George de Lacy Evans
Sir De Lacy Evans GCB was a British Army general who served in four wars in which the United Kingdom's troops took part in the 19th century. He was later a long-serving Member of Parliament....
. Then he led the failed Royal Expedition against Madrid and was sacked upon its return to the north in late 1837.
Titles, Marriage and Children
On January 15, 1837, in midst of the First Carlist WarFirst Carlist War
The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833-1839.-Historical background:At the beginning of the 18th century, Philip V, the first Bourbon king of Spain, promulgated the Salic Law, which declared illegal the inheritance of the Spanish crown by women...
, the then 23-year-old Sebastian was excluded, by law of the Cortes, ratified by royal decree of Regent Maria Christina
Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies was Queen consort of Spain and Regent of Spain .-Early years and first marriage:...
, from the Spanish succession, on grounds of his being rebel against Isabella II of Spain
Isabella II of Spain
Isabella II was the only female monarch of Spain in modern times. She came to the throne as an infant, but her succession was disputed by the Carlists, who refused to recognise a female sovereign, leading to the Carlist Wars. After a troubled reign, she was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of...
with Don Carlos' rebellion. Sebastian was also declared to be stripped from his Spanish titles and status as a dynast.
The same exclusion was legislated also to Don Carlos, Carlos' sons, and Sebastian's uncle the deposed Miguel I of Portugal, as well as to Sebastian's mother Teresa.
Much later, in 1859, Sebastian was restored to his Spanish titles, in conjunction with his second marriage. He returned to Spain from Naples where he had lived since the eind of the war in 1839.
Firstly Sebastian had married to his cousin Princess Maria Amalia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Princess Maria Amalia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Princess Maria Amalia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies was a Princess of Bourbon-Two Sicilies by birth and an Infanta of Portugal and Spain through her marriage to Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain.-Family:Maria Amalia was the...
but the marriage, which lasted several decades, remained childless.
When widowed at the age of 50, he remarried on November 19, 1860, this time to his cousin Infanta Maria Cristina of Spain, decades his junior. They produced three surviving sons, who were each granted their own dukedoms.
Some information on their children:
- Francisco, duke of Marchena (MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 1861 – Neuilly-sur-SeineNeuilly-sur-SeineNeuilly-sur-Seine is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.Although Neuilly is technically a suburb of Paris, it is immediately adjacent to the city and directly extends it. The area is composed of mostly wealthy, select residential...
, 1923). He married Maria del Pilar de Muguiro y Beruete, duchess of Villafranca. - Pedro d'Alcantara, duke of Dúrcal (MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
,1862 – ParísParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, 1892). He married Maria de la Caridad de Madan i Uriondo. - Luíz, duke of Ansola (MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 1864 – Algier, 1889). He married Maria Anna Bernaldo de Quiros, marquise of Atarfe. - Alfonso (MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 1866 – MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 1934). - Gabriel (Pau, 1869 – MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 1889).
The last head of one of these branches, the duke of Hernani
Duke of Hernani
Duke of Hernani is a Spanish noble title. It was created on 11 August 1914 by King Alfonso XIII of Spain and conferred upon his relative, Manfredo, 3rd Duke of Ansola, 2nd Marquis of Antarfe....
, adopted in 1970's their distant cousin, Infanta Margarita of Spain, Duchess of Soria who thus became the next and current Duchess of Hernani.
After the overthrow of Isabella II of Spain
Isabella II of Spain
Isabella II was the only female monarch of Spain in modern times. She came to the throne as an infant, but her succession was disputed by the Carlists, who refused to recognise a female sovereign, leading to the Carlist Wars. After a troubled reign, she was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of...
in 1868 he moved to Pau, where he tried to reconcile the Carlist and Isabeline branches of the House of Bourbon, without success.
Ancestors
See also
- House of Bourbon-BraganzaHouse of Bourbon-BraganzaThe House of Bourbon-Braganza has its origins in a royal marriage arranged by King Charles III of Spain and his niece Queen Maria I of Portugal: in 1785 the Spanish infante Gabriel of Bourbon , married the Portuguese infanta Mariana Victoria of Braganza...