Independence Day (Philippines)
Encyclopedia
In the Philippines
, Independence Day (Filipino
: Araw ng Kalayaan) is an annual national holiday
observed on June 12, commemorating the Philippine Declaration of Independence
from Spain
on June 12, 1898. It is the National Day
of the Philippines.
The declaration of Philippine independence from the colonial rule of Spain concluded the Philippine Revolution
. Philippine independence, however, was not recognized either by the United States
or by Spain. The Spanish government later ceded the Philippine archipelago to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris
, and the United States granted independence to the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946 in the Treaty of Manila.
July 4 was observed in the Philippines as Independence Day until 1962. On 12 May 1962, President
Diosdado Macapagal
issued Presidential proclamation No. 28, which declared Tuesday, June 12, 1962 a special public holiday throughout the Philippines, "... in commemoration of our people's declaration of their inherent and inalienable right to freedom and independence. On August 4, 1964, Republic Act No. 4166 renamed the July 4 holiday as "Philippine Republic Day", proclaimed the twelfth day of June is as the Philippine Independence Day, and enjoined all citizens of the Philippines to observe 12 June with rites befitting Independence Day. June 12 had previously been observed as Flag Day, which was moved to May 28.
from Spain
. The celebrations were held simultaneously nationwide by then President Fidel V. Ramos
and Filipino communities worldwide. A commission was established for the said event, the National Centennial Commission headed by former Vice President Salvador Laurel
presided all events around the country. One of the major projects of the commission was the Expo Pilipino
, a grand showcase of the Philippines
' growth as a nation for the last 100 years, located in the Clark Special Economic Zone (formerly Clark Air Base
) in Angeles City, Pampanga
. Some other important events includes the re-enactment of waving of Philippine Flag at Aguinaldo shrine, and raising of flag at Independence flagpole.
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
, Independence Day (Filipino
Filipino language
This move has drawn much criticism from other regional groups.In 1987, a new constitution introduced many provisions for the language.Article XIV, Section 6, omits any mention of Tagalog as the basis for Filipino, and states that:...
: Araw ng Kalayaan) is an annual national holiday
Public holidays in the Philippines
-Regular and Special Holidays:-Other Holidays:* Constitution Day - A non-working holiday on February 2, 2002, in commemoration of the 15th anniversary of the approval of the 1987 Philippine constitution....
observed on June 12, commemorating the Philippine Declaration of Independence
Philippine Declaration of Independence
The Philippine Declaration of Independence occurred on June 12, 1898 in Cavite II el Viejo , Cavite, Philippines. With the public reading of the Act of the Declaration of Independence, Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the...
from Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
on June 12, 1898. It is the National Day
National Day
The National Day is a designated date on which celebrations mark the nationhood of a nation or non-sovereign country. This nationhood can be symbolized by the date of independence, of becoming republic or a significant date for a patron saint or a ruler . Often the day is not called "National Day"...
of the Philippines.
The declaration of Philippine independence from the colonial rule of Spain concluded the Philippine Revolution
Philippine Revolution
The Philippine Revolution , called the "Tagalog War" by the Spanish, was an armed military conflict between the people of the Philippines and the Spanish colonial authorities which resulted in the secession of the Philippine Islands from the Spanish Empire.The Philippine Revolution began in August...
. Philippine independence, however, was not recognized either by the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
or by Spain. The Spanish government later ceded the Philippine archipelago to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris (1898)
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 was signed on December 10, 1898, at the end of the Spanish-American War, and came into effect on April 11, 1899, when the ratifications were exchanged....
, and the United States granted independence to the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946 in the Treaty of Manila.
July 4 was observed in the Philippines as Independence Day until 1962. On 12 May 1962, President
President of the Philippines
The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
Diosdado Macapagal
Diosdado Macapagal
Diosdado Pangan Macapagal was the ninth President of the Philippines, serving from 1961 to 1965, and the sixth Vice President, serving from 1957 to 1961. He also served as a member of the House of Representatives, and headed the Constitutional Convention of 1970...
issued Presidential proclamation No. 28, which declared Tuesday, June 12, 1962 a special public holiday throughout the Philippines, "... in commemoration of our people's declaration of their inherent and inalienable right to freedom and independence. On August 4, 1964, Republic Act No. 4166 renamed the July 4 holiday as "Philippine Republic Day", proclaimed the twelfth day of June is as the Philippine Independence Day, and enjoined all citizens of the Philippines to observe 12 June with rites befitting Independence Day. June 12 had previously been observed as Flag Day, which was moved to May 28.
Philippine Centennial Celebration
On June 12, 1998, the nation celebrated its centennial year of IndependenceIndependence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory....
from Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
. The celebrations were held simultaneously nationwide by then President Fidel V. Ramos
Fidel V. Ramos
Fidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos , popularly known as FVR, was the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his six years in office, Ramos was widely credited and admired by many for revitalizing and renewing international confidence in the Philippine economy.Prior to his election as...
and Filipino communities worldwide. A commission was established for the said event, the National Centennial Commission headed by former Vice President Salvador Laurel
Salvador Laurel
Salvador Roman Hidalgo Laurel , also known as Doy Laurel, was Vice President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992 under Corazon Aquino. Before that, he briefly served as Aquino's first Prime Minister from February 25 to March 25 of 1986...
presided all events around the country. One of the major projects of the commission was the Expo Pilipino
Expo Pilipino
Expo Pilipino was the Philippine National Centennial Exposition and centerpiece of the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the declaration of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898...
, a grand showcase of the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
' growth as a nation for the last 100 years, located in the Clark Special Economic Zone (formerly Clark Air Base
Clark Air Base
Clark Air Base is a former United States Air Force base on Luzon Island in the Philippines, located 3 miles west of Angeles City, about 40 miles northwest of Metro Manila. Clark Air Base was an American military facility from 1903 to 1991...
) in Angeles City, Pampanga
Pampanga
Pampanga is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the City of San Fernando, Pampanga. Pampanga is bordered by the provinces of Bataan and Zambales to the west, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija to the north, and Bulacan to the southeast...
. Some other important events includes the re-enactment of waving of Philippine Flag at Aguinaldo shrine, and raising of flag at Independence flagpole.
See also
- Philippine Declaration of IndependencePhilippine Declaration of IndependenceThe Philippine Declaration of Independence occurred on June 12, 1898 in Cavite II el Viejo , Cavite, Philippines. With the public reading of the Act of the Declaration of Independence, Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the...
- History of the Philippines (1898–1946)
- History of the Philippines (1946–1965)
- Treaty of Manila (1946)Treaty of Manila (1946)The Treaty of Manila is a treaty of general relations signed on July 4, 1946 in Manila, capital of the Philippines. Parties to the treaty were the governments of the United States and the Republic of the Philippines...
- Philippine–American War