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Incompatible element is a term used in petrology
Petrology

In geology, petrology is the study of Rock s, and the conditions in which they form. Lithology once was approximately synonymous with petrography, but in current usage, lithology is a subdivision of petrology focusing on macroscopic hand-sample or outcrop-scale description of rocks, while petrography is the speciality that deals with m...
 and geochemistry
Geochemistry

The field of geochemistry involves study of the chemistry composition of the Earth and other planets, chemical processes and reactions that govern the composition of Rock s and soils, and the cycles of matter and energy that transport the Earth's chemical components in time and space, and their interaction with the hydrosphere and the atmosph...
.

During the fractional crystallization
Fractional crystallization (geology)

Fractional crystallization is one of the most important geochemical and physical processes operating within the Earth's crust and Earth's mantle....
 of magma
Magma

Magma is molten Rock that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and may also exist on other terrestrial planets. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles....
, and magma generation by the partial melting of the Earth's mantle
Mantle (geology)

The mantle is a part of an astronomical object. The interior of the Earth, similar to the other terrestrial planets, is chemically divided into layers....
 and crust, elements that have difficulty in entering cation sites of the minerals are concentrated in the melt phase of magma (liquid phase
Phase (matter)

In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space , throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, refractive index, and chemical composition....
). An incompatible element is an element that is unsuitable in size and/or charge to the cation sites of the minerals, and is defined by the partition coefficient
Partition coefficient

In the fields of organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry, a partition or distribution coefficient is the ratio of concentrations of a chemical compound in the two phases of a mixture of two immiscible solvents at equilibrium....
 between rock-forming minerals and melt
Magma

Magma is molten Rock that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and may also exist on other terrestrial planets. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles....
 being much smaller than 1.

Two groups of elements that have difficulty entering the solid phase are known by acronyms. One group includes elements having large ionic radius
Ionic radius

The ionic radius, rion, is a measure of the size of an ion in a crystal lattice. It is measured in either picometres or Angstrom , with 1 ? = 100 pm....
, such as potassium
Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element. It has the symbol K , atomic number 19, and atomic mass 39.0983. Potassium was first isolated from potash, hence the name....
, rubidium
Rubidium

Rubidium is a chemical element with the symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rb is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group....
, caesium
Caesium

Caesium or cesium is the chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of , which makes it one of only liquid metal that are liquid at or near room temperature....
, strontium
Strontium

Strontium is a chemical element with the symbol Sr and the atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically....
, barium
Barium

Barium is a chemical element. It has the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. Barium is a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. It is never found in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with Earth's atmosphere....
, rare earth elements, thorium
Thorium

Thorium is a chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. As a naturally occurring, slightly radioactive metal, it has been considered as an alternative nuclear fuel to uranium....
, and uranium
Uranium

Uranium is a silvery-gray metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table that has the chemical symbol U and atomic number 92....
 (called LILE, or large-ion lithophile elements), and the other group includes elements of large ionic valences such as zirconium
Zirconium

Zirconium is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. It is a lustrous, gray-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium....
, niobium
Niobium

Niobium , or columbium , is a chemical element with symbol Nb and atomic number 41. A rare, soft, grey, ductile transition metal, niobium is found in the minerals pyrochlore and columbite....
, hafnium
Hafnium

Hafnium is a chemical element with the element symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustre , silvery gray, tetravalence, transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals....
, and tantalum
Tantalum

Tantalum is a chemical element with the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. A rare, hard, blue-grey, lustre transition metal, tantalum is highly corrosion-resistant and occurs naturally in the mineral tantalite, always together with the chemically similar niobium....
 (called HFSE, or high field strength elements).






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Incompatible element is a term used in petrology
Petrology

In geology, petrology is the study of Rock s, and the conditions in which they form. Lithology once was approximately synonymous with petrography, but in current usage, lithology is a subdivision of petrology focusing on macroscopic hand-sample or outcrop-scale description of rocks, while petrography is the speciality that deals with m...
 and geochemistry
Geochemistry

The field of geochemistry involves study of the chemistry composition of the Earth and other planets, chemical processes and reactions that govern the composition of Rock s and soils, and the cycles of matter and energy that transport the Earth's chemical components in time and space, and their interaction with the hydrosphere and the atmosph...
.

During the fractional crystallization
Fractional crystallization (geology)

Fractional crystallization is one of the most important geochemical and physical processes operating within the Earth's crust and Earth's mantle....
 of magma
Magma

Magma is molten Rock that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and may also exist on other terrestrial planets. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles....
, and magma generation by the partial melting of the Earth's mantle
Mantle (geology)

The mantle is a part of an astronomical object. The interior of the Earth, similar to the other terrestrial planets, is chemically divided into layers....
 and crust, elements that have difficulty in entering cation sites of the minerals are concentrated in the melt phase of magma (liquid phase
Phase (matter)

In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space , throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, refractive index, and chemical composition....
). An incompatible element is an element that is unsuitable in size and/or charge to the cation sites of the minerals, and is defined by the partition coefficient
Partition coefficient

In the fields of organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry, a partition or distribution coefficient is the ratio of concentrations of a chemical compound in the two phases of a mixture of two immiscible solvents at equilibrium....
 between rock-forming minerals and melt
Magma

Magma is molten Rock that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and may also exist on other terrestrial planets. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles....
 being much smaller than 1.

Two groups of elements that have difficulty entering the solid phase are known by acronyms. One group includes elements having large ionic radius
Ionic radius

The ionic radius, rion, is a measure of the size of an ion in a crystal lattice. It is measured in either picometres or Angstrom , with 1 ? = 100 pm....
, such as potassium
Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element. It has the symbol K , atomic number 19, and atomic mass 39.0983. Potassium was first isolated from potash, hence the name....
, rubidium
Rubidium

Rubidium is a chemical element with the symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rb is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group....
, caesium
Caesium

Caesium or cesium is the chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of , which makes it one of only liquid metal that are liquid at or near room temperature....
, strontium
Strontium

Strontium is a chemical element with the symbol Sr and the atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically....
, barium
Barium

Barium is a chemical element. It has the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. Barium is a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. It is never found in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with Earth's atmosphere....
, rare earth elements, thorium
Thorium

Thorium is a chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. As a naturally occurring, slightly radioactive metal, it has been considered as an alternative nuclear fuel to uranium....
, and uranium
Uranium

Uranium is a silvery-gray metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table that has the chemical symbol U and atomic number 92....
 (called LILE, or large-ion lithophile elements), and the other group includes elements of large ionic valences such as zirconium
Zirconium

Zirconium is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. It is a lustrous, gray-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium....
, niobium
Niobium

Niobium , or columbium , is a chemical element with symbol Nb and atomic number 41. A rare, soft, grey, ductile transition metal, niobium is found in the minerals pyrochlore and columbite....
, hafnium
Hafnium

Hafnium is a chemical element with the element symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustre , silvery gray, tetravalence, transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals....
, and tantalum
Tantalum

Tantalum is a chemical element with the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. A rare, hard, blue-grey, lustre transition metal, tantalum is highly corrosion-resistant and occurs naturally in the mineral tantalite, always together with the chemically similar niobium....
 (called HFSE, or high field strength elements).