Ilarie Voronca

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Ilarie Voronca

Ilarie Voronca (pen name

Pen name

A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a pseudonym adopted by an author. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise his or her gender, to distance an author from some or all of his or her works, to protect the author from retribution for his or her writings, or for any of a number of...
of Eduard Marcus; December 31 1903, Braila

Braila

Braila is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of the Braila County, in the close vicinity of Galati. In 2002, according to the official Romanian census, the city had a population of 216,292 people in 2002, making it Romania's 10th largest city....
—April 8 1946, Paris

Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
) was a Romania

Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
n-French

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
avant-garde

Avant-garde

Avant-garde means "advance guard" or "vanguard". The adjective form is used in English, to refer to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics....
poet and essayist.

Voronca was of Jewish

History of the Jews in Romania

The history of Jews in Romania concerns the Jews of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is nowadays Romanian territory....
ethnicity. In his early years, he was connected with Eugen Lovinescu

Eugen Lovinescu

Eugen Lovinescu was a Romanian Modernism literary historian, Literary criticism, academic, and novelist, who in 1919 established the Sburatorul literary club....
's Sburatorul
Sburatorul

Sburatorul was a Romanian Modernism literary magazine and literary society, established in Bucharest in April 1919 in literature. Led by Eugen Lovinescu, the circle was instrumental in developing new trends and styles in Romanian literature, ranging from a new wave of Symbolism to an urban-themed Realism and the Avant-garde....
group, making his debut in 1922 in the Sburatorul literar (symbolist

Symbolism (arts)

Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century art movement of French and Belgium origin in symbolist poetry and other arts....
pieces inspired by the works of George Bacovia

George Bacovia

George Bacovia was a Romanian Symbolism poet. While he initially belonged to the Symbolist movement, his poetry came to be seen as a precursor of Romanian Modernism and eventually established him in critical esteem alongside Tudor Arghezi, Lucian Blaga and Ion Barbu as one of the most important interwar Romanian poets....
and Camil Baltazar

Camil Baltazar

Camil Baltazar was a Romania poet....
).

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Encyclopedia

Ilarie Voronca (pen name

Pen name

Braila

Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
) was a Romania

Romania

France

Avant-garde

History of the Jews in Romania

Eugen Lovinescu

Symbolism (arts)

Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century art movement of French and Belgium origin in symbolist poetry and other arts....
pieces inspired by the works of George Bacovia

George Bacovia

Camil Baltazar

Camil Baltazar was a Romania poet....
). Voronca's poems of the period, gloomy and passive in tone, are in marked contrast to his later works.

Only a year later, Voronca adopted a change in style, adhering to the modernist

Modernism

Modernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century....
manifesto

Manifesto

A manifestom is a public declaration of principles and intentions, often Politics in nature, but may also be life stance related. However, manifestos relating to religious belief are rather referred to as credo....
published in Contimporanul
Contimporanul

Contimporanul was a Romanian avant-garde Literary magazine and art magazine, published in Bucharest between June 1922 in literature and 1932....
and contributing to literary magazine

Literary magazine

A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish short stories, poetry and essays along with literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews and letters....
s such as Punct and Integral. He and Stephan Roll issued a Constructivism

Constructivism (art)

Constructivism was an artistic and architecture movement that originated in Russia from 1919 onward which rejected the idea of "art for art's sake" in favour of art as a practice directed towards social purposes....
-inspired magazine entitled 75 HP, of which only one number was ever printed.

In 1927

1927 in literature

The year 1927 in literature involved some significant events and new books....
, Voronca published a volume of poetry in Paris. Entitled Colomba after his wife Colomba Voronca, it featured two portraits drawn by Robert Delaunay

Robert Delaunay

Robert Delaunay was a French artist who used Orphism , which is similar to abstract art, abstraction and cubism in his work. Delaunay concentrated on Orphism, while his later works were more abstract art, reminiscent of Paul Klee....
. Colomba marked Voronca's new change in style: he had become a surrealist

Surrealism

Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members....
. Soon after that, his creations gained a regularity, and he was published frequently — especially after he settled in France (1933) and began writing in the French language

French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
. There followed: L'Apprenti fantôme ("The Apprentice Ghost"; 1938), Beauté de ce monde ("This World's Beauty"; 1940), Arbre ("Tree"; 1942). Several of his works were illustrated with drawings by Constantin Brancusi

Constantin Brancusi

Constantin Br?ncusi ), was an internationally renowned Romanian sculpture whose sculptures, which blend simplicity and sophistication, led the way for modern art sculptors....
, Marc Chagall

Marc Chagall

Marc Chagall ; [shuh-GAHL] , was a Jewish Russians artist, born in Belarus and naturalized France in 1937, associated with several key art movements and was one of the most successful artists of the twentieth century....
, or Victor Brauner

Victor Brauner

Victor Brauner was a Romanian Jewish painter, the brother of Harry Brauner . [Please note: in some sources this artist's first name is spelled Viktor.]...
.

A French citizen in 1938, Voronca took part in the French Resistance

French Resistance

File:Croix de Lorraine2.svgThe French Resistance is the collective name used for the French resistance movements which fought against the Nazi Germany German occupation of France in World War II and the collaborationist Vichy Regime during World War II....
. He visited Romania in January 1946, and was acclaimed for his writings and Anti-fascist

Anti-fascism

Anti-fascism is the opposition to fascism ideologies, organizations, governments and people. Another term for anti-fascism is antifa. Most major Resistance during World War II were anti-fascist....
activities. He never finished his Manuel du parfait bonheur ("Manual for Perfect Happiness"), committing suicide later in the same year.

An edition of selected poems was published in France in 1956; it was followed ten years later by prints of never-published works. Sasa Pana

Sasa Pana

Sasa Pana was a Romanian avant-garde poet, novelist, and short story writer....
oversaw a Romanian edition of many of Voronca's poems in 1972.

External links

by Ilarie Voronca, in Exquisite Corpse