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Howard Zinn

 
Howard Zinn

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Howard Zinn



 
 
Howard Zinn (born August 24, 1922) is a professor
Professor

The meaning of the word professor varies. In some English-speaking countries, it refers to a senior academic who holds a departmental chair, especially as head of the Academic department, or a personal chair awarded specifically to that individual....
, political scientist
Political science

Political science is a social science concerned with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior....
, historian
HIStory

HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I is a double album by Michael Jackson, released on June 20, 1995, and is Jackson's ninth. The first disc, named "HIStory Begins" consists of a selection of Jackson's greatest hits from the singer's past fifteen years, while the second, named "HIStory Continues" features new songs, with the...
, social critic
Social criticism

Social criticism analyzes social structures which are seen as flawed and aims at practical solutions by specific measures, radical reform or even revolutionary change....
, democratic socialist, activist and playwright
Playwright

A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or drama. These works may be written specifically to be performed by actors or they may be closet dramas or literary works written using dramatic forms but not meant for performance....
, best known as author of the bestseller
Bestseller

A bestseller is a book that is identified as extremely popular by its inclusion on lists of currently top selling titles that are based on publishing industry and book trade figures and published by newspapers, magazines, or bookstore chains....
 A People's History of the United States
A People's History of the United States

A People's History of the United States is a 1980 nonfiction book by United States historian and political scientist Howard Zinn. In the book, Zinn seeks to present History of the United States through the eyes of those rarely heard in mainstream histories....
.

Zinn has been active in the movements for Civil Rights
African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)

The African-American Civil Rights Movement refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racism against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states....
, Civil Liberties
Civil liberties

Civil liberties are Freedom that protect the individual from the government. Civil liberties set limits for government so that it cannot abuse its Political power and interfere with the lives of its citizens....
 and the anti-war movements
Peace movement

A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war , minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation, often linked to the goal of achieving world peace....
 in the United States. He has written extensively on all three subjects.

The author of some 20 books, Zinn is Professor Emeritus in the Political Science Department at Boston University
Boston University

Boston University is a private nonsectarian university located in Boston, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States. Although chartered by the Massachusetts Legislature in 1869, Boston University traces its roots to the establishment of the Newbury Biblical Institute in Newbury, Vermont in 1839....
. He lives in the Auburndale
Auburndale, Massachusetts

Auburndale is one of the 13 villages of Newton, Massachusetts. It lies at the western end of Newton near the intersection of interstate highways Interstate 90 and Interstate 95 in Massachusetts, and is bisected by the Massachusetts Turnpike....
 neighborhood of Newton, Massachusetts
Newton, Massachusetts

The City of Newton in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Massachusetts,is a large residential suburb of Boston, Massachusetts, which abuts it on the east....
.






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Howard Zinn (born August 24, 1922) is a professor
Professor

The meaning of the word professor varies. In some English-speaking countries, it refers to a senior academic who holds a departmental chair, especially as head of the Academic department, or a personal chair awarded specifically to that individual....
, political scientist
Political science

Political science is a social science concerned with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior....
, historian
HIStory

HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I is a double album by Michael Jackson, released on June 20, 1995, and is Jackson's ninth. The first disc, named "HIStory Begins" consists of a selection of Jackson's greatest hits from the singer's past fifteen years, while the second, named "HIStory Continues" features new songs, with the...
, social critic
Social criticism

Social criticism analyzes social structures which are seen as flawed and aims at practical solutions by specific measures, radical reform or even revolutionary change....
, democratic socialist, activist and playwright
Playwright

A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or drama. These works may be written specifically to be performed by actors or they may be closet dramas or literary works written using dramatic forms but not meant for performance....
, best known as author of the bestseller
Bestseller

A bestseller is a book that is identified as extremely popular by its inclusion on lists of currently top selling titles that are based on publishing industry and book trade figures and published by newspapers, magazines, or bookstore chains....
 A People's History of the United States
A People's History of the United States

A People's History of the United States is a 1980 nonfiction book by United States historian and political scientist Howard Zinn. In the book, Zinn seeks to present History of the United States through the eyes of those rarely heard in mainstream histories....
.

Zinn has been active in the movements for Civil Rights
African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)

The African-American Civil Rights Movement refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racism against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states....
, Civil Liberties
Civil liberties

Civil liberties are Freedom that protect the individual from the government. Civil liberties set limits for government so that it cannot abuse its Political power and interfere with the lives of its citizens....
 and the anti-war movements
Peace movement

A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war , minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation, often linked to the goal of achieving world peace....
 in the United States. He has written extensively on all three subjects.

The author of some 20 books, Zinn is Professor Emeritus in the Political Science Department at Boston University
Boston University

Boston University is a private nonsectarian university located in Boston, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States. Although chartered by the Massachusetts Legislature in 1869, Boston University traces its roots to the establishment of the Newbury Biblical Institute in Newbury, Vermont in 1839....
. He lives in the Auburndale
Auburndale, Massachusetts

Auburndale is one of the 13 villages of Newton, Massachusetts. It lies at the western end of Newton near the intersection of interstate highways Interstate 90 and Interstate 95 in Massachusetts, and is bisected by the Massachusetts Turnpike....
 neighborhood of Newton, Massachusetts
Newton, Massachusetts

The City of Newton in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Massachusetts,is a large residential suburb of Boston, Massachusetts, which abuts it on the east....
. His late wife of 64 years, Roslyn Zinn, died on May 14, 2008 at their home. An artist and editor, Roslyn had a role in editing all of Zinn's books and many of his articles. Zinn has two children, Myla and Jeff, and five grandchildren.

Biography


Early life

Howard Zinn was born to a Jewish immigrant family in Brooklyn
Brooklyn

Brooklyn is one of the five Borough of New York City, located at the western end of Long Island. An independent city until its consolidation with New York in 1898, Brooklyn is New York City's most populous borough, with 2.5 million residents, and second largest in area....
. His father, Eddie Zinn, born in Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
, emigrated to the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 with his brother Phil before the outbreak of World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
. Howard's mother Jenny Zinn emigrated from the Eastern Siberia
Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
n city of Irkutsk
Irkutsk

Irkutsk is one of the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia in Siberia and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, situated by rail from Moscow....
.

Both parents were factory workers with limited education when they met and married, and there were no books or magazines in the series of apartments where they raised their children. Zinn's parents introduced him to literature by sending 25 cents plus a coupon to the New York Post
New York Post

The New York Post is the 13th-oldest newspaper published in the United States and generally acknowledged as the oldest to have been published continually as a daily, although -- like most other papers -- its publication has been interrupted by labor actions....
 for each of the 20 volumes of Charles Dickens' collected works. He also studied creative writing at Thomas Jefferson High School in a special program established by poet Elias Lieberman.

Hzphotoneutral 3
As a young adult, Zinn worked as a shipyard worker and labor organizer in the Brooklyn shipyards. Later, Zinn was a bombardier aboard a B-17
B-17 Flying Fortress

The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress is a four-engine heavy bomber aircraft developed for the United States Army Air Corps . Competing against Douglas Aircraft Company and Glenn L....
 with the 490th Bombardment Group
490th Bombardment Group

The 490th Bombardment Group was a World War II United States Army Air Forces organization. It served primarily with the Eighth Air Force in Europe....
, and conducted bombing missions in Europe during World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
. Zinn's participation in these missions shaped his later opposition to war and aerial bombing.

After World War II, Zinn attended New York University
New York University

New York University is a private university, nonsectarian, research university in New York City. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan....
 on the GI Bill, graduating with a B.A. in 1951 and Columbia University
Columbia University

Columbia University in the City of New York , is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Columbia's main campus lies in the Morningside Heights, Manhattan neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, in New York City....
, where he earned an M.A. (1952) and Ph.D. in history with a minor in political science (1958). His doctoral dissertation LaGuardia in Congress was a study of Fiorello LaGuardia's congressional career, and depicted LaGuardia representing "the conscience of the twenties" as LaGuardia fought for public power, the right to strike, and the redistribution of wealth by taxation. "His specific legislative program," Zinn wrote, "was an astonishingly accurate preview of the New Deal
New Deal

The New Deal was the name that United States President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to a sequence of central economic planning and economic stimulus programs he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of giving aid to the unemployed, reform of business and financial practices, and recovery of the Economy of the Unite...
." It was published by the Cornell University Press for the American Historical Association.

Military service

Zinn was second Lieutenant and bombardier, U.S. Army Air Corps; Zinn flew combat missions in Europe 1943-45.

Education

Zinn obtained his B.A. from New York University
New York University

New York University is a private university, nonsectarian, research university in New York City. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan....
 in 1951, his M.A. and Ph.D.
Ph.D.

Ph.D. or PHD may stand for:* Doctor of Philosophy, an academic degree* Ph.D. , a 1980s British group* Piled Higher and Deeper, a web comic strip...
 in Columbia University
Columbia University

Columbia University in the City of New York , is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Columbia's main campus lies in the Morningside Heights, Manhattan neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, in New York City....
 in 1952 and 1958 respectively. He was also a Post-doctoral Fellow in East Asian Studies at Harvard University
Harvard University

Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States, and a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1636 by the colonial Massachusetts legislature, Harvard is the Colonial Colleges institution of higher learning in the United States....
 from 1960 to 61.

Career

Zinn was Professor of History
HIStory

HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I is a double album by Michael Jackson, released on June 20, 1995, and is Jackson's ninth. The first disc, named "HIStory Begins" consists of a selection of Jackson's greatest hits from the singer's past fifteen years, while the second, named "HIStory Continues" features new songs, with the...
, Spelman College
Spelman College

Spelman College is a four-year Liberal arts colleges in the United States Women's colleges in the United States located in Atlanta, Georgia, Georgia , United States....
, Atlanta, GA from 1956 to 1963. Later he was Professor of Political Science
Political science

Political science is a social science concerned with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior....
, Boston University
Boston University

Boston University is a private nonsectarian university located in Boston, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States. Although chartered by the Massachusetts Legislature in 1869, Boston University traces its roots to the establishment of the Newbury Biblical Institute in Newbury, Vermont in 1839....
 from 1964 to 1988. He is the Visiting Professor and Rhodes Scholar at both the University of Paris
University of Paris

The historic University of Paris first appeared in the 12th century. In 1970 it was reorganized as 13 autonomous university . The university is often referred to as the Sorbonne or La Sorbonne after the collegiate institution founded about 1257 by Robert de Sorbon....
 and University of Bologna
University of Bologna

The University of Bologna is the oldest continually operating degree-granting university in the world:, the word 'university' being first used by this institution at its foundation....


Civil Rights movement

In 1956, Zinn was appointed chairman of the department of history and social sciences at Spelman College
Spelman College

Spelman College is a four-year Liberal arts colleges in the United States Women's colleges in the United States located in Atlanta, Georgia, Georgia , United States....
, where he participated in the Civil Rights movement
African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)

The African-American Civil Rights Movement refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racism against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states....
. For example, Zinn lobbied with historian August Meier "to end the practice of the Southern Historical Association of holding meetings at segregated hotels.

At Spelman, Zinn served as an adviser to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee or SNCC was one of the principal organizations of the African-American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s....
 (SNCC) and, in 1964, later wrote the book SNCC: The New Abolitionists.

At Spelman, Zinn collaborated with historian Staughton Lynd
Staughton Lynd

Staughton Lynd is an American conscientious objector, peace activist and civil rights activist, tax resister, historian, professor, author and lawyer....
 and mentored young student activists, among them writer Alice Walker
Alice Walker

Alice Malsenior Walker is an United States author, self-declared feminist and womanist?the latter a term she herself coined to make special distinction for the experiences of women of color....
 and Marian Wright Edelman
Marian Wright Edelman

Marian Wright Edelman is an United States activism for children's rights. She is president and founder of the Children's Defense Fund....
, founder and president of the Children’s Defense Fund. In a journal article, Edelman discusses Zinn as major influence in her life and she tells of his accompanying students to a sit-in at the segregated white section of the Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a U.S. state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against United Kingdom rule in the American Revolution....
 state legislature.

Although Zinn was a tenured professor, he was dismissed, in June 1963, after siding with students in their desire to challenge Spelman's traditional emphasis of turning out "young ladies" when, as Zinn described in an article in The Nation, Spelman students were likely to be found on the picket line, or in jail for participating in the greater effort to break down segregation in public places in Atlanta. Zinn's years at Spelman are recounted in his autobiography You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History of Our Times. His seven years at Spelman College, Zinn said, "are probably the most interesting, exciting, most educational years for me. I learned more from my students than my students learned from me."

While at Spelman, Zinn wrote that he observed 30 violations of the First and Fourteenth amendments to the United States Constitution
United States Constitution

The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme law of the United States. It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of the United States of America; the Federal Government of the United States; and all the State & local governments and Territorial Administrative bodies contained therein....
 in Albany, Georgia
Albany, Georgia

Albany is a city in and the county seat of Dougherty County, Georgia, Georgia , United States, in the Southwest Georgia of the state. It is the principal city of the Albany, Georgia metropolitan area....
, including the rights to freedom of speech
Freedom of speech

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak freely without censorship or limitation. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to denote not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used....
, freedom of assembly
Freedom of assembly

Freedom of assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right to come together with other individuals and collectively express, promote, pursue and defend common interests....
 and equal protection of the laws. In an article on the civil rights movement in Albany, Zinn described the people who participated in the Freedom Rides
Freedom rides

Civil Rights activists called 'Freedom Riders' rode in interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to test the Supreme Court of the United States List of United States Supreme Court cases Boynton v....
 to end segregation, and of the reluctance of President John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy

John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States, serving from 1961 until John F....
 to enforce the law. Zinn has also pointed out that the Justice Department under Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy

Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy , also called RFK, was an United States politician. He was United States Attorney General from 1961 to 1964 and a United States Senator from New York from 1965 until his Robert F....
 and the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Federal Bureau of Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the primary unit in the United States United States Department of Justice, serving as both a Law enforcement agency body and a domestic intelligence agency....
, headed by J. Edgar Hoover
J. Edgar Hoover

John Edgar Hoover , generally known as J. Edgar Hoover, was the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States....
, did little to nothing to stop the segregationists from brutalizing civil rights workers.

Zinn wrote frequently about the struggle for civil rights, both as a participant and historian His second book, The Southern Mystique was published in the same year as his book on the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 1964. In the book on SNCC, Zinn describes how the sit-ins against segregation were initiated by students and, in that sense, independent of the older, more established civil rights organizations.

He returned to Spelman in 2005 to give the commencement address. His speech "Against Discouragement," is available online at numerous sources.

Anti-war efforts

Fresh from writing two books about his research, observations, and participation in the Civil Rights movement in the South, Zinn accepted a position in the political science department at Boston University in 1964. His classes in civil liberties
Civil liberties

Civil liberties are Freedom that protect the individual from the government. Civil liberties set limits for government so that it cannot abuse its Political power and interfere with the lives of its citizens....
 were among the most popular offered at BU with as many as 400 students subscribing each semester to the non-required class. He taught at BU for 24 years and retired in 1988. Zinn wrote one of the earliest books calling for the U.S. withdrawal from its war in VietNam
Vietnam

Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
. VietNam: The Logic of Withdrawal was published by Beacon Press in 1967 after articles that would later form the basis for the book had appeared in Commonweal
Commonweal

Commonweal is a New York City-based United States journal of opinion edited and managed by lay Catholics. Founded in 1924 by Micheal Williams and the Calvert Associates, Commonweal is the oldest Catholic journal of opinion in the United States....
, The Nation
The Nation

The Nation is a weekly United States periodical devoted to politics and culture, self-described as "the flagship of the left-wing politics." Founded on July 6, 1865 at the start of Reconstruction era of the United States as a supporter of the victorious North in the American Civil War, it is the oldest continuously published weekly magaz...
,
The Register-Leader, and Ramparts
Ramparts

See also Rampart*City walls*RampART Social Centre *Ramparts *Qu?bec Remparts, a junior ice hockey team*The Ramparts, a name for Rampart Canyon in Alaska....
.


Zinn eagerly joined the Army Air Force during World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
 to fight fascism, and he bombed targets in Berlin
Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
, Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918 until 1992 . On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia....
 and Hungary
Hungary

Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
. Zinn's anti-war stance was, in part, informed by his own experiences in the military. In April, 1945, he participated in one of the first military uses of napalm
Napalm

Napalm is the name given to any of a number of flammable liquids used in warfare, often jellied gasoline. Napalm is actually the thickener in such liquids, which when mixed with gasoline makes a sticky incendiary gel....
, which took place in Royan
Royan

Royan is a commune in France in the Charente-Maritime d?partement in France, in south- western France. Inhabitants are called royannais and royannaises in french....
, France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
. The bombings were aimed at German soldiers who were, in Zinn's words, hiding and waiting out the closing days of the war. The attacks killed not only the German soldiers but also French civilians, facts Zinn uncovered nine years after the bombings when he visited Royan to examine documents and interview residents. In his books, The Politics of History and The Zinn Reader, he described how the bombing was ordered at the war's end by decision-makers most probably motivated by the desire for career advancement rather than for legitimate military objectives.

Zinn said his experience as a bombardier, combined with his research into the reasons for and effects of the bombing of Royan, sensitized him to the ethical dilemmas faced by G.I.s during wartime. Zinn questioned the justifications for military operations inflicting civilian casualties in the Allied bombing of cities such as Dresden
Dresden

Dresden is the capital city of the Germany Federal Free state of Saxony. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon triangle metropolitan area....
, Royan, Tokyo
Tokyo

, officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshu. The twenty-three special wards of Tokyo, each governed as a city, cover the area that was once the Tokyo City in the eastern part of the prefecture, and total over 8 million people....
, and Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II, Hanoi
Hanoi

Hanoi , estimated population 3,398,889 , is the Capital of Vietnam. From 1010 until 1802, with a few brief interruptions, it was the political centre of an independent Vietnam....
 during the U.S. war in Vietnam, and Baghdad
Baghdad

Baghdad is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous. With a municipal population estimated at 6.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq, and the second largest city in the Arab World....
 during the U.S. war in Iraq
Iraq

Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
. In his pamphlet "Hiroshima: Breaking the Silence", Zinn laid out the case against targeting civilians.

Vietnam
Zinn's diplomatic visit to Hanoi with Rev. Daniel Berrigan
Daniel Berrigan

Daniel Berrigan, S.J. is a poet, American peace activist, and Roman Catholic priest. Daniel and his brother Philip Berrigan were for a time on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list for committing acts of vandalism including destroying government property....
, during the Tet Offensive in January 1968, resulted in the return of three American airmen, the first American POWs released by the North Vietnamese since the U.S. bombing of that nation had begun. The event was widely reported in the news media and discussed in a variety of books including Who Spoke Up? American Protest Against the War in Vietnam 1963-1975 by Nancy Zaroulis and Gerald Sullivan . Zinn remained friends and allies with the brothers Dan and Philip
Philip Berrigan

Philip Berrigan was an internationally renowned United States peace activist, Christian anarchism and former Roman Catholic Church priest. Along with his brother Daniel Berrigan, he was for a time on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list for acts of vandalism including destruction of government property....
 over the years.

Daniel Ellsberg
Daniel Ellsberg

Daniel Ellsberg is a former American military analyst employed by the RAND Corporation who precipitated a national political controversy in 1971 when he released the Pentagon Papers, a Classified information The Pentagon study of government decision-making about the Vietnam War, to The New York Times and other newspapers....
, a former RAND
Rand

Rand may refer to a number of places, people, organizations, and acronyms:...
 consultant who had secretly copied The Pentagon Papers, which described internal planning and policy decisions of the United States in the Vietnam War, gave a copy of them to Howard and Roslyn Zinn. Along with Noam Chomsky
Noam Chomsky

Avram Noam Chomsky is an United States linguistics, philosopher, cognitive science, political activist, author, and lecturer. He is an Institute Professor emeritus and professor emeritus of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology....
, Zinn edited and annotated the copy of The Pentagon Papers that Ellsberg entrusted to him. Zinn's longtime publisher, Beacon Press, published what has come to be known as the Senator Mike Gravel
Mike Gravel

Maurice Robert "Mike" Gravel is a former Democratic Party United States Senate from Alaska, who served two terms from 1969 to 1981, and a former candidate in the United States presidential election, 2008....
 edition of The Pentagon Papers, four volumes plus a fifth volume with analysis by Chomsky and Zinn. Later, when their granddaughter worked to improve conditions for janitors at Wesleyan
Wesleyan

Wesleyan is the adjective form of Wesley, referring either to John Wesley, the founder of Methodism or to another of the Methodist branches within that religious denomination....
, the couple supported the effort.

At Ellsberg's criminal trial for theft, conspiracy, and espionage in connection with the publication of the Pentagon Papers by The New York Times, defense attorneys called Zinn as an expert witness to explain to the jury the history of U.S. involvement in Vietnam from World War II to 1963. Zinn discussed that history for several hours, later reflecting on his time before the jury. "I explained there was nothing in the papers of military significance that could be used to harm the defense of the United States, that the information in them was simply embarrassing to our government because what was revealed, in the government's own interoffice memos, was how it had lied to the American public. The secrets disclosed in the Pentagon Papers might embarrass politicians, might hurt the profits of corporations wanting tin, rubber, oil, in far-off places. But this was not the same as hurting the nation, the people," Zinn wrote in his autobiography. Most of the jurors later said they voted for acquittal. [p. 161] However, the federal judge dismissed the case on the grounds it had been tainted by the burglary by President Richard M. Nixon's administration of the office of Ellsberg's psychiatrist.

Zinn's testimony as to the motivation for government secrecy was confirmed in 1989 by Erwin Griswold, who as U.S. solicitor general during the Nixon administration, prosecuted The New York Times in the Pentagon Papers case in 1971. Griswold persuaded three Supreme Court justices to vote to stop The New York Times from continuing to publish the Pentagon Papers, an order known as "prior restraint" that has been held to be illegal under the First Amendment
First Amendment to the United States Constitution

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights that expressly prohibits the United States Congress from making laws "Establishment Clause of the First Amendment" or that prohibit the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment, laws that infringe the Freedom of speech in the United State...
 to the U.S. Constitution. The papers were simultaneously published in The Washington Post
The Washington Post

The Washington Post is the newspaper with the largest circulation in Washington, D.C., United States and is the city's oldest paper, founded in 1877....
, effectively nulling the effect of the prior restraint order. In 1989, Griswold admitted there was no national security damage from publication of the papersIn a column in the Washington Post, Griswold wrote: "It quickly becomes apparent to any person who has considerable experience with classified material that there is massive over classification and that the principal concern of the classifiers is not with national security, but with governmental embarrassment of one sort or another." Zinn supported the G.I. antiwar movement during the U.S. war in Vietnam. In the 2001 film Unfinished Symphony
Unfinished symphony

Several composers left fragments of symphony that for various reasons could be considered incomplete or 'unfinished'.The archetypal 'unfinished symphony' is Franz Schubert's Symphony No....
, Zinn provides historical context for the 1971 antiwar march by Vietnam Veterans against the War
Vietnam Veterans Against the War

Vietnam Veterans Against the War is a tax-exempt non-profit organization and corporation, originally created to oppose the Vietnam War. VVAW describes itself as a national veterans' organization that Advertising campaigns for peace, justice, and the rights of all United States military veterans....
. The marchers traveled from Lexington
Lexington, Massachusetts

Lexington is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 30,355 at the 2000 census.The town is famous for being the site of the opening shots of the American Revolution, in the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775....
, Massachusetts
Massachusetts

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a U.S. state located in the New England region of the Northeastern United States United States. It borders Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north....
, to Bunker Hill
Bunker Hill

Bunker Hill is the name of* A hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts** Battle of Bunker Hill, a battle American Revolutionary War fought near the hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts...
, "which retraced Paul Revere
Paul Revere

Paul Revere was an American silversmith and a Patriot in the American Revolution.He was glorified after his death for his role as a messenger in the battles of Lexington and Concord, and Revere's name and his "midnight ride" are well-known in the United States as a patriotic symbol....
's ride of 1775 and ended in the massive arrest of 410 veterans and civilians by the Lexington police." The film depicts "scenes from the 1971 , during which former G.I.s testified about atrocities" they either participated in or witnessed in Vietnam.

Iraq
Zinn opposed the invasion and occupation of Iraq, and has written several books about it. He asserts that the U.S. will end its war with, and occupation of, Iraq when resistance within the military increases, in the same way resistance within the military contributed to ending the U.S. war in Vietnam. He compares the demand by a growing number of contemporary U.S. military families to end the war in Iraq to the parallel "in the Confederacy in the Civil War, when the wives of soldiers rioted because their husbands were dying and the plantation owners were profiting from the sale of cotton, refusing to grow grains for civilians to eat." Zinn argued that "There is no flag large enough to cover the shame of killing innocent people for a purpose which is unattainable."

Jean-Christophe Agnew, Professor of History and American Studies at Yale University
Yale University

Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School, Yale is the Colonial Colleges institution of higher education in the United States and is a member of the Ivy League....
, told the Yale Daily News
Yale Daily News

The Yale Daily News is a newspaper published by Yale University students in New Haven, Connecticut since January 28, 1878. The paper's first editors wrote:...
 in May 2007 that Zinn’s historical work is "highly influential and widely used". He observed that it is not unusual for prominent professors such as Zinn to weigh in on current events, citing a resolution opposing the war in Iraq that was recently ratified by the American Historical Association
American Historical Association

The American Historical Association is the oldest and largest society of historians and teachers of history in the United States. Founded in 1884, the association promotes historical studies, the teaching of history, and the preservation of and access to historical materials....
. Agnew added, “In these moments of crisis, when the country is split — so historians are split.”

A People's History of the United States

As a historian, Zinn came to believe that the point of view expressed in traditional history books was often limited. He wrote a history textbook, A People's History of the United States with the goal to provide other perspectives of American history. The textbook depicts the struggles of Native Americans
Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans in the United States are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii....
 against European and U.S. conquest and expansion, slaves against slavery, unionists and other workers against capitalists, women against patriarchy
Patriarchy

Patriarchy can be defined as the structuring of society on the basis of family units, where fathers have primary Social responsibility for the welfare of, and authority over, their families....
, and African-Americans for civil rights
Civil rights

Civil and political rights are a class of rights ensuring things such as the protection of peoples' physical integrity; procedural fairness in law; protection from discrimination based on sexism, religious intolerance, Racism, Homophobia, etc; individual freedom of freedom of belief, freedom of speech, freedom of association, and freedom...
.

In the years since the first edition of A People's History was published in 1980, it has been used as an alternative to standard textbooks in many high school and college history courses, and is one of the most widely known examples of critical pedagogy
Critical pedagogy

Critical pedagogy is a teaching approach that attempts to help students question and challenge domination, and the beliefs and practices that dominate....
. According to the New York Times Book Review it "routinely sells more than 100,000 copies a year".

In the spring of 2003, to commemorate the sale of the millionth copy of A People's History, a dramatic reading was held at the 92nd Street Y
92nd Street Y

The 92nd Street Y is a multifaceted cultural institution and community center located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. Its full name is the 92nd Street Young Men's and Young Women's Hebrew Association ....
 in New York City. The reading featured Danny Glover
Danny Glover

Danny Lebern Glover is an United States actor, film director, and political activist. Glover is possibly best known for his role as Detective Roger Murtaugh in the Lethal Weapon film Media franchise....
, Andre Gregory
Andre Gregory

Andre Gregory is an United States theatre director and actor.Gregory studied at Harvard University.During the 1960s and 1970s, Gregory directed a number of avant-garde productions developed through ensemble collaboration, the most famous of which was Alice , based on Alice in Wonderland....
, James Earl Jones
James Earl Jones

James Earl Jones is an United Statesn actor of theater and screen, well known for his deep bass voice....
, actress Myla Pitt, Marisa Tomei
Marisa Tomei

Marisa Tomei is an American theatre, film and television actress. Tomei first came to prominence as a supporting cast member on The Cosby Show television spin-off A Different World , and rose to fame following an Academy Award-winning performance in the 1992 comedy film My Cousin Vinny....
, Kurt Vonnegut
Kurt Vonnegut

Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. was a prolific and genre-bending American novelist known for works blending satire, black comedy and science fiction, such as Slaughterhouse-Five , Cat's Cradle , and Breakfast of Champions .He was also known for his Humanism beliefs and being honorary president of the American Humanist Association....
, Alice Walker
Alice Walker

Alice Malsenior Walker is an United States author, self-declared feminist and womanist?the latter a term she herself coined to make special distinction for the experiences of women of color....
, Alfre Woodard
Alfre Woodard

Alfre Ette Woodard is an American actor. She has been nominated for an Academy Awards and has won four Emmy Awards, three SAG Awards and one Golden Globe Award....
, Harris Yulin
Harris Yulin

Harris Yulin is an American actor who has appeared in dozens of Hollywood and television films.Yulin first emerged in the Brian De Palma film Scarface as Mel Bernstein, a crooked "cop"....
, Jeff Zinn, producing artistic director of the Wellfleet Harbor Actors Theater , and Howard Zinn as narrator. The event aired on Democracy Now!, and was hosted by Amy Goodman
Amy Goodman

Amy Goodman is an United States broadcast journalism, syndicated columnist and author.A 1984 graduate of Harvard University, Goodman is best known as the principal host of Pacifica Radio's Democracy Now! program, where she has been described by the Los Angeles Times as "radio's voice of the disenfranchised left"....
, and is online at The program was also released as a book and CD under the title, The People Speak: American Voices, Some Famous, Some Little Known.

Interwoven with commentary by Zinn, both the book and the dramatic reading upon which the newer book is based, includes passages from Zinn's research in A People's History of the United States on Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus was a Republic of Genoa navigator, colonialist and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean?funded by Queen Isabella of Spain?led to general European awareness of the America in the Western Hemisphere....
 on the Arawak
Arawak

The term Arawak , was used to designate some of the peoples encountered by the Spain in the West Indies in 1492 and thereafter. These include the Ta?no, who occupied the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas and Bimini Florida, the Nepoya and Suppoyo of Trinidad and the Igneri, who were supposed to have preceded the Caribs in the Lesser Anti...
s; Plough Jogger, a farmer and participant in Shays' Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion

Shays' Rebellion was an rebellion in Central Massachusetts and Western Massachusetts, from 1786 to 1787. The rebels were led by Daniel Shays and known as Shaysites , were mostly poor farmers angered by crushing debt and taxes....
; Harriet Hanson, a Lowell mill worker; Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass was an American Abolitionism, History of women's suffrage in the United States, editing, orator, author, statesman and Reform movement....
; Mark Twain
Mark Twain

Samuel Langhorne Clemens , better known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an United Statesmerican author and humorist. Twain is most noted for his novels Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which has since been called the Great American Novel, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer....
; Mary Harris "Mother" Jones; Emma Goldman
Emma Goldman

Emma Goldman was an anarchism known for her political activism, writing and speeches. She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europe in the first half of the twentieth century....
; Helen Keller
Helen Keller

Helen Keller was an United States author, political activist and lecturer. She was the first deafblindness person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree....
; Eugene V. Debs
Eugene V. Debs

Eugene Victor Debs was an American Trade union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World , as well as candidate for President of the United States as a member of the Social Democratic Party in 1900, and later as a member of the Socialist Party of America in 1904, 1908, 1912,...
; Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes

James Mercer Langston Hughes, was an American poet, novelist, playwright, short story writer, and columnist. Hughes is best-known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance....
; Genova Johnson Dollinger on a sit-down strike at General Motors
General Motors

General Motors Corporation , founded in 1908, is the world's second-largest automaker after Toyota, ranked by 2008 global unit sales. GM was the global sales leader for 77 consecutive calendar years from 1931 to 2008....
 in Flint, Michigan
Michigan

Michigan is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States of America. It was named after Lake Michigan, whose name is a French adaptation of the Anishinaabe language term mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
; an interrogation from a 1953 HUAC hearing; Fannie Lou Hamer
Fannie Lou Hamer

Fannie Lou Hamer was a beautiful United States voting rights Activism and American Civil Rights Movement leader.She was instrumental in organizing Mississippi Freedom Summer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee , and later became the Vice-Chair of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, attending the 1964 Democratic Nationa...
, a sharecropper and member of the Freedom Democratic Party; Malcolm X
Malcolm X

Malcolm X , also known as Hajji Malik El-Shabazz , was an African American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist. To his admirers, he was a courageous advocate for the rights of African Americans, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans....
; and James Lawrence Harrington, a Gulf War resister, among others.

Kurt Vonnegut read the words of Mark Twain
Mark Twain

Samuel Langhorne Clemens , better known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an United Statesmerican author and humorist. Twain is most noted for his novels Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which has since been called the Great American Novel, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer....
 at the event celebrating the work of Zinn, a fellow World War II veteran. Vonnegut read from Twain, who spoke out after President Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt , also known as T.R., and to the public as Teddy, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
 congratulated a general involved in the 1906 Moro Crater massacre
Moro Crater massacre

The Moro Crater massacre is a name given to the final phase of the First Battle of Bud Dajo, a military engagement of the Philippine-American War which took place March 10, 1906, on the isle of Jolo in the southern Philippines....
 in the Philippines
Philippines

The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
.

"It should, it seems to me, be our pleasure and duty to make these people free and let them deal with their own domestic questions in their own way; and so I am an anti-imperialist. I am opposed to having the eagle put its talons on any other land," Vonnegut quoted Twain during the reading.

In 2004, Zinn published Voices of A People's History of the United States with Anthony Arnove
Anthony Arnove

Anthony Arnove is a freelance literary editor, literary agent and activist based in Brooklyn. He is on the board of directors of Haymarket Books, and is active in the National Writers Union and the International Socialist Organization....
. Voices expands on the concept and provides a large collection of dissident voices in long form. The book is intended as a companion to A People's History and parallels its structure.

Zinn was a consultant to the six-part documentary A People's History of the United States , a television series produced by Alvin H. Perlmutter
Alvin H. Perlmutter

Alvin H. Perlmutter, Director of The Independent Production Fund, has produced television programming for over thirty years.Prior to forming his own company, Mr....
. According to the documentary's website, the series is expected to be broadcast in 2007.

After years of requests from parents and teachers for a younger readers' version of A People's History, in July 2007 Seven Stories Press
Seven Stories Press

Seven Stories Press is an independent publishing company known for both cutting-edge works of fiction and a wide array of nonfiction by leading progressive voices of conscience and dissent....
 has published A Young People's History of the United States
A People's History of the United States

A People's History of the United States is a 1980 nonfiction book by United States historian and political scientist Howard Zinn. In the book, Zinn seeks to present History of the United States through the eyes of those rarely heard in mainstream histories....
,
a two-volume, illustrated adaptation of the original text for young adult readers (ages 10-14), updated through the end of 2006.

Critical reception

When A People's History of the United States was first published in 1980, the New York Times reviewer, Columbia University
Columbia University

Columbia University in the City of New York , is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Columbia's main campus lies in the Morningside Heights, Manhattan neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, in New York City....
 historian Eric Foner
Eric Foner

Eric Foner is an United States historian. He has been a faculty member in the department of history at Columbia University since 1982 and writes extensively on political history, the history of freedom, the early history of the Republican Party , African American biography, Reconstruction era of the United States, and historiography....
, described the book as filled with telling quotations and vivid descriptions of usually ignored events, and said that "Zinn writes with an enthusiasm rarely encountered in the leaden prose
Prose

Prose is writing that resembles everyday Speech communication. The word "prose" is derived from the Latin prosa, which literally translates to "straightforward"....
 of academic history." However, referring to Zinn's focus on "the distinctive experience of blacks, women, Indians, workers and other neglected groups," Foner said, "The portrayal of these anonymous Americans is strangely circumscribed. Blacks, Indians, women and laborers appear either as rebels or as victims. Less dramatic but more typical lives — people struggling to survive with dignity in difficult circumstances — receive little attention", adding, "A People's History reflects a deeply pessimistic vision of the American experience." Summing up, Foner found the approach to be limited, and said further that the book needed "an integrated account incorporating Thomas Jefferson and his slaves, Andrew Jackson and the Indians, Woodrow Wilson and the Wobblies."

Writing in the Washington Post Book World, reviewer Michael Kammen
Michael Kammen

Michael Kammen is a professor of American cultural history in the Cornell University Department of History at Cornell University. He was born in 1936 in Rochester, New York, grew up in the Washington, DC area, and was educated at the George Washington University and Harvard University ....
, a professor of American History at Cornell, wrote: "I wish that I could pronounce Zinn's book a great success, but it is not. It is a synthesis of the radical and revisionist historiography of the past decade. . . Not only does the book read like a scissors and paste-pot job, but even less attractive, so much attention to historians, historiography and historical polemic leaves precious little space for the substance of history. . . . We do deserve a people's history; but not a singleminded, simpleminded history, too often of fools, knaves and Robin Hoods. We need a judicious people's history because the people are entitled to have their history whole; not just those parts that will anger or embarrass them. . . . If that is asking for the moon, then we will cheerfully settle for balanced history."

In a 2004 article in Dissent
Dissent (magazine)

Dissent is a leading intellectual magazine of politics and culture. It was founded in 1954 by a group of New York Intellectuals, which included Irving Howe, Lewis A....
 critiquing the 5th edition of A People's History of the United States, Georgetown University
Georgetown University

Georgetown University is a Society of Jesus private university located in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. Father John Carroll founded the school in 1789, though its roots extend back to 1634....
 history professor Michael Kazin argued that Zinn's book is too focused on class conflict
Class conflict

Class conflict refers to the underlying tensions or antagonisms which exist in society due to conflicting interests that arise from different social positions....
, and wrongly attributes sinister motives to the American political elite. He also characterized the book as an overly simplistic narrative of elite villains and oppressed people, with no attempt to understand historical actors in the context of the time in which they lived. Kazin writes, "The ironic effect of such portraits of rulers is to rob 'the people' of cultural richness and variety, characteristics that might gain the respect and not just the sympathy of contemporary readers. For Zinn, ordinary Americans seem to live only to fight the rich and haughty and, inevitably, to be fooled by them."

Awards, references in pop culture and other accomplishments

  • Zinn's first book, La Guardia in Congress, won the American Historical Association
    American Historical Association

    The American Historical Association is the oldest and largest society of historians and teachers of history in the United States. Founded in 1884, the association promotes historical studies, the teaching of history, and the preservation of and access to historical materials....
    's Beveridge Prize
    Beveridge Award

    The Albert J. Beveridge Award was established in 1939 in memory of United States Senator Albert J. Beveridge of Indiana, former secretary and longtime member of the American Historical Association , through a gift from his wife, Catherine Beveridge and donations from AHA members from his home state....
     as the best English-language book on American history.


  • Zinn has received the Thomas Merton
    Thomas Merton

    Thomas Merton was a 20th century Roman Catholic Church writer. A Trappist monk of the Abbey of Gethsemani, in the U.S. state of Kentucky, Merton was a poet, a social activism, a student of comparative religion as well as the author of numerous works on spirituality....
     Award
    Thomas Merton Award

    The Thomas Merton Award has been awarded since 1972 by the Thomas Merton Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. It is named after Thomas Merton and is given annually to "national and international individuals struggling for justice."...
     and the Eugene V. Debs
    Eugene V. Debs

    Eugene Victor Debs was an American Trade union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World , as well as candidate for President of the United States as a member of the Social Democratic Party in 1900, and later as a member of the Socialist Party of America in 1904, 1908, 1912,...
     Award. In 1998, he won the Lannan Literary Award for nonfiction and the following year won the Upton Sinclair
    Upton Sinclair

    Upton Sinclair, Jr. , was a Pulitzer Prize-winning prolific United States author who wrote over 90 books in many genres and was widely considered to be one of the best investigators advocating Socialism views....
     Award, which honors social activism. In 2003, Zinn was awarded the Prix des Amis du Monde diplomatique for the French version of his seminal work, Une histoire populaire des Etats-Unis.


  • On October 5, 2006, Howard Zinn received the Haven's Center Award for Lifetime Contribution to Critical Scholarship in Madison
    Madison, Wisconsin

    Madison is the List of U.S. state capitals of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County, Wisconsin. It is also home to the University of Wisconsin–Madison....
    , Wisconsin
    Wisconsin

    Wisconsin is one of the fifty U.S. state in the United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States. It borders two of the five Great Lakes and four U.S....
    .


  • Zinn is a member of the advisory board of the Bill of Rights Defense Committee
    Bill of Rights Defense Committee

    The national Bill of Rights Defense Committee is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization which encourages local communities to take an active role in the ongoing national debate about threats to civil liberties guaranteed by the Bill of Rights, such as the USA PATRIOT Act, NSA warrantless surveillance controversy, and the Military Commissions...
    , and of the Disarm Education Fund


  • Zinn's autobiography is You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train. A biographical documentary film called Howard Zinn: You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train (2004) was shown in select theaters. The film, on DVD, by Deb Ellis and Denis Mueller contains music composed by Richard Martinez and features music by Billy Bragg
    Billy Bragg

    Stephen William Bragg , better known as Billy Bragg, is an England musician who blends elements of folk music, punk rock and protest songs....
    , Woodie Guthrie, and Pearl Jam
    Pearl Jam

    Pearl Jam is an American rock music band that formed in Seattle, Washington in 1990. Since its inception, the band's line-up has included Eddie Vedder , Jeff Ament , Stone Gossard , and Mike McCready ....
    . The film includes footage of Howard and Roslyn Zinn, Noam Chomsky
    Noam Chomsky

    Avram Noam Chomsky is an United States linguistics, philosopher, cognitive science, political activist, author, and lecturer. He is an Institute Professor emeritus and professor emeritus of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology....
    , Marian Wright Edelman
    Marian Wright Edelman

    Marian Wright Edelman is an United States activism for children's rights. She is president and founder of the Children's Defense Fund....
    , Daniel Ellsberg
    Daniel Ellsberg

    Daniel Ellsberg is a former American military analyst employed by the RAND Corporation who precipitated a national political controversy in 1971 when he released the Pentagon Papers, a Classified information The Pentagon study of government decision-making about the Vietnam War, to The New York Times and other newspapers....
    , Tom Hayden
    Tom Hayden

    Thomas Emmet Hayden is an United States social and political activism and politician, most famous for his involvement in the anti-war and civil rights movements of the 1960s....
     and Alice Walker
    Alice Walker

    Alice Malsenior Walker is an United States author, self-declared feminist and womanist?the latter a term she herself coined to make special distinction for the experiences of women of color....
    . The 78-minute film on DVD includes these special features: On Human Nature and Aggression; Zinn's speech at Veterans for Peace Conference, 2004; and audio of his 1971 speech at the Boston Common on Civil Disobedience. In the film, Noam Chomsky says Zinn "changed the consciousness of a generation."


  • The film was narrated by actor Matt Damon
    Matt Damon

    Matthew Paige Damon is an American actor and philanthropist. He won the Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay for his screenwriting in Good Will Hunting, and was nominated for his lead performance in the same film....
     who lived next door to the Zinns as a child in West Newton, Massachusetts
    West Newton, Massachusetts

    West Newton is a village of the City of Newton, Massachusetts and is one of the oldest of the thirteen Newton villages. The Zip Code 02465 roughly matches the village limits....
    . Damon included a reference to A People's History in his film Good Will Hunting
    Good Will Hunting

    Good Will Hunting is a 1997 in film drama film directed by Gus Van Sant and written by Matt Damon and Ben Affleck, both of whom star in the film....
    . In a confrontation with his psychologist, played by Robin Williams
    Robin Williams

    Robin McLaurim Williams is an Academy Award-, Golden Globe-, and Grammy Award-winning United Statesn comedian and actor.Rising to fame with his role as the alien Mork in the TV series Mork and Mindy, and later stand up comedy work, Williams has performed in many feature films since 1980....
    , Damon's character tells him: "If you want to read a real history book, read Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States. That book will knock you on your ass." Damon also read the latter half of People's History for an audiobook released February 1, 2003 (ISBN 0-06-053006-5). People's History was referenced in a Columbus Day
    Columbus Day

    Many countries in the New World and elsewhere celebrate the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas, which occurred on October 12, 1492 in the Julian calendar and October 21, 1492 in the modern Gregorian calendar, as an official holiday....
     episode of the TV show The Sopranos
    The Sopranos

    The Sopranos was an United States television drama series created and Executive producer#Television by David Chase. It was originally broadcast in the United States on the premium television cable television HBO from January 10, 1999 to June 10, 2007, spanning List of The Sopranos episodes....
    .


  • Zinn is a featured interview in the documentary Sacco and Vanzetti
    Sacco and Vanzetti (film)

    Sacco and Vanzetti is a Documentary film made in 2006 in film. It was directed by Peter Miller. The film presents interviews with researchers and historians of the lives of Sacco and Vanzetti, and their trial....
    , which was shown in theaters in the U.S. in 2007.


  • In October 2005, Chicago
    Chicago

    Chicago is the largest city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States, as well as the List of United States cities by population city in the United States with more than 2.8 million residents....
    's indie
    Indie (music)

    In popular music, independent music, often abbreviated as indie, is a term used to describe independence from major commercial record labels and an autonomous, DIY ethic to recording and publishing....
     punk
    Punk rock

    Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed between 1974 and 1976 in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in garage rock and other forms of what is now known as protopunk music, punk rock bands eschewed the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock....
     label Thick Records released a CD
    Compact Disc

    A Compact Disc is an optical disc used to store Data , originally developed for storing digital audio. The CD, available on the market since October 1982, remains the standard physical medium for sale of commercial Sound recording and reproduction to the present day....
     called You Can't Blow Up A Social Relationship by Springfield
    Springfield, Illinois

    Springfield is the capital of the U.S. state of Illinois and the county seat of Sangamon County, Illinois with a population of 116,482 . Over 200,000 residents live in the Springfield Springfield, Illinois metropolitan area, which includes Sangamon County and adjacent Menard County, Illinois....
    -based indie rock band, Resident Genius, featuring excerpts from several Zinn talks. The six Zinn excerpts are "a greatest hits of his speeches recorded over the last 15 years by Roger Leisner of Radio Free Maine. They touch on his 'usual' topics of engaged activism, history from below, war, the media and much more."


  • Zinn's You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train is mentioned in System of a Down's song, "Deer Dance". The line "You can't be neutral on a moving train" is the basis for the Pearl Jam B-Side "Down".


  • The NOFX
    NOFX

    NOFX is an United States punk rock band that was formed in Los Angeles, California , in 1983.The band was formed by vocalist and bassist Fat Mike and guitarist Eric Melvin....
     song "Franco Un-American" from the album The War on Errorism
    The War on Errorism

    The War on Errorism is the ninth studio album by the punk rock band NOFX released on May 6, 2003. The album takes aim at United States president George W....
     mentions Zinn.


  • Zinn has expressed support for Democratic Presidential candidate Dennis Kucinich
    Dennis Kucinich

    Dennis John Kucinich is a United States Democratic Party member of the United States House of Representatives and was a candidate for the Democratic National Convention in the U.S....
     as well as his efforts to impeach Vice President Dick Cheney
    Dick Cheney

    Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney served as the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 in the George W....
    .


  • The Pearl Jam
    Pearl Jam

    Pearl Jam is an American rock music band that formed in Seattle, Washington in 1990. Since its inception, the band's line-up has included Eddie Vedder , Jeff Ament , Stone Gossard , and Mike McCready ....
     song "Down" from the album Lost Dogs
    Lost Dogs

    Lost Dogs have been called a country music Supergroup , but they consider themselves to be a Traditional music and alternative music group. Whatever the nomenclature, they are one of the most seminal groups currently in Contemporary Christian Music....
     was inspired by the band's friendship with Zinn.
  • Zinn was one of the few intellectuals or celebrities to endorse Ralph Nader
    Ralph Nader

    Ralph Nader is an American attorney at law, author, lecturer, political activism, and perennial candidate for presidency as an independent candidate for President of the United States in United States presidential election, 2004 and United States presidential election, 2008, and a Green Party candidate in 1996 and 2000....
     in the 2008 Presidential election.


Theatrical works

Zinn has written three plays: Daughter of Venus
Daughter of Venus

Daughter of Venus is a play written by historian Howard Zinn. The drama, which was first published in 1985, debuted on the boards at New York's Theater for New City....
 (1985), Emma
Emma (play)

Emma is a play by historian and playwright Howard Zinn. It was first performed in 1976.The play dramatizes events from the life of the real Emma Goldman....
 (1976), and Marx in Soho (1999).

Emma is based on the life of the early 20th century anarchist Emma Goldman
Emma Goldman

Emma Goldman was an anarchism known for her political activism, writing and speeches. She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europe in the first half of the twentieth century....
. Goldman, an anarchist, feminist, and free-spirited thinker was exiled from the United States because of her viewpoints, including her staunch opposition to World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
. As Zinn writes in his Introduction, Emma Goldman 'seemed to be tireless as she traveled the country, lecturing to large audiences everywhere, on birth control (‘A woman should decide for herself’), on the falsity of marriage as an institution (‘Marriage has nothing to do with love’), on patriotism (‘the last refuge of a scoundrel’) on free love
Free love

The term free love has been used since at least the nineteenth century to describe a social movement that rejects marriage, which is seen as a form of social bondage, especially for women....
 (‘What is love if not free?’), and also on drama, including Shaw, Ibsen, and Strindberg'.

Zinn has praised Vermont-based theater troupe Bread and Puppet Theater
Bread and Puppet Theater

The Bread and Puppet Theater is a politically radical puppet theater, active since the 1960s, currently based in Glover, Vermont. Its founder and director is Peter Schumann....
 and appeared with B&P founder Peter Schumann
Peter Schumann

Peter Schumann is the founder and director of the Bread and Puppet Theater. Born in Silesia, he was a sculpture and dancer in Germany before moving to the United States in 1961....
  and providing a critical blurb for Rehearsing with the Gods, a book on B&P .

Zinn received an acting credit for appearing in the ensemble of David Hare
David Hare (dramatist)

Sir David Hare is an English people playwright and Theatre director and film director....
's Stuff Happens
Stuff Happens

Stuff Happens is a play by David Hare , written in response to the Iraq War. Hare describes it as "a history play" that deals with recent history....
 at the Wellfleet Harbor Actors Theater on the five year anniversary of 9/11 .

Books written or edited by Howard Zinn


Books

  • Artists in Times of War (2003) ISBN 1-58322-602-8
  • The Cold War & the University: Toward an Intellectual History of the Postwar Years (Noam Chomsky
    Noam Chomsky

    Avram Noam Chomsky is an United States linguistics, philosopher, cognitive science, political activist, author, and lecturer. He is an Institute Professor emeritus and professor emeritus of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology....
     (Editor) Authors: Ira Katznelson
    Ira Katznelson

    Ira Katznelson is a leading United States political scientist and historian, noted for his influential research on the liberal state, inequality, social knowledge, and institutions, primarily focused on the United States....
    , R. C. Lewontin, David Montgomery, Laura Nader
    Laura Nader

    Laura Nader is an American anthropologist.She has been a Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley since 1960. She received a BA in Latin American Studies from Wells College in Aurora, NY in 1952....
    , Richard Ohmann, Ray Siever, Immanuel Wallerstein
    Immanuel Wallerstein

    Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein is a United States of America sociology, historical social scientist, and world-systems theory analyst. His monthly commentaries on world affairs are syndicated by ....
    , Howard Zinn (1997) ISBN 1-56584-005-4
  • Declarations of Independence: Cross-Examining American Ideology (1991) ISBN 0-06-092108-0
  • Disobedience and Democracy: Nine Fallacies on Law and Order (1968, re-issued 2002) ISBN 0-89608-675-5
  • Emma: A Play in Two Acts About Emma Goldman, American Anarchist (2002) ISBN 0-89608-664-X
  • Failure to Quit: Reflections of an Optimistic Historian (1993) ISBN 0-89608-676-3
  • The Future of History: Interviews With David Barsamian (1999) ISBN 1-56751-157-0
  • Hiroshima: Breaking the Silence ISBN 1-884519-14-8
  • Howard Zinn On Democratic Education Donaldo Macedo
    Donaldo Macedo

    Donaldo Macedo is a Cape Verdean-American critical theorist, linguist, and expert on literacy and education studies . Macedo is professor of English and a Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts and Education at the University of Massachusetts Boston....
    , Editor (2004) ISBN 1-59451-054-7
  • Howard Zinn on History (2000) ISBN 1-58322-048-8
  • Howard Zinn on War (2000) ISBN 1-58322-049-6
  • Justice in Everyday Life: The Way It Really Works (Editor) (1974) ISBN 0-89608-677-1
  • Justice? Eyewitness Accounts (1977) ISBN 0-8070-4479-2
  • La Otra Historia De Los Estados Unidos (2000) ISBN 1-58322-054-2
  • LaGuardia in Congress (1959) ISBN 0-8371-6434-6, ISBN 0-393-00488-0
  • Marx in Soho: A Play on History (1999) ISBN 0-89608-593-7
  • New Deal Thought (editor) (1965) ISBN 0-87220-685-8
  • Original Zinn: Conversations on History and Politics (2006) Howard Zinn and David Barsamian.
  • Passionate Declarations: Essays on War and Justice (2003) ISBN 0-06-055767-2
  • The Pentagon Papers Senator Gravel Edition. Vol. Five. Critical Essays. Boston. Beacon Press, 1972. 341p. plus 72p. of Index to Vol. I-IV of the Papers, Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, editors
  • A People's History of the Civil War: Struggles for the Meaning of Freedom by David Williams
    David Williams

    David Williams may refer to:...
    , Howard Zinn (Series Editor) (2005) ISBN 1-59558-018-2
  • A People's History of the United States: 1492 – Present (1980), revised (1995)(1998)(1999)(2003) ISBN 0-06-052837-0
  • A People's History of the United States: Teaching Edition Abridged (2003 updated) ISBN 1-56584-826-8
  • A People's History of the United States: The Civil War to the Present Kathy Emery Ellen Reeves Howard Zinn (2003 teaching edition) ISBN 1-56584-725-3
  • A People's History of the United States: The Wall Charts by Howard Zinn and George Kirschner (1995) ISBN 1-56584-171-9
  • A People's History of American Empire (2008) by Howard Zinn, Mike Konopacki and Paul Buhle
    Paul Buhle

    Paul Merlyn Buhle is a Senior Lecturer at Brown University, author or editor of 35 volumes including histories of Political radicalism in the United States and the Caribbean, studies of popular culture, and a series of nonfiction comic art volumes....
    . ISBN 978-0805087444
  • The People Speak: American Voices, Some Famous, Some Little Known (2004) ISBN 0-06-057826-2
  • Playbook by Maxine Klein, Lydia Sargent
    Lydia Sargent

    Lydia Sargent is a longtime radical American feminist. She is a writer, author, playwright, and actor. She was a founder and original member of the South End Press Collective....
     and Howard Zinn (1986) ISBN 0-89608-309-8
  • The Politics of History (1970) (2nd edition 1990) ISBN 0-252-06122-5
  • Postwar America: 1945 – 1971 (1973) ISBN 0-89608-678-X
  • A Power Governments Cannot Suppress (2006) ISBN 978-0872864757
  • The Power of Nonviolence: Writings by Advocates of Peace Editor (2002) ISBN 0-8070-1407-9
  • SNCC: The New Abolitionists (1964) ISBN 0-89608-679-8
  • The Southern Mystique (1962) ISBN 0-89608-680-1
  • Terrorism and War (2002) ISBN 1-58322-493-9 (interviews, Anthony Arnove (Ed.))
  • The Twentieth Century: A People's History (2003) ISBN 0-06-053034-0
  • Three Strikes: Miners, Musicians, Salesgirls, and the Fighting Spirit of Labor's Last Century (Dana Frank, Robin Kelley, and Howard Zinn) (2002) ISBN 0-8070-5013-X
  • Vietnam: The Logic of Withdrawal (1967) ISBN 0-89608-681-X
  • Voices of a People’s History of the United States (with Anthony Arnove
    Anthony Arnove

    Anthony Arnove is a freelance literary editor, literary agent and activist based in Brooklyn. He is on the board of directors of Haymarket Books, and is active in the National Writers Union and the International Socialist Organization....
    , 2004) ISBN 1-58322-647-8
  • You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History of Our Times (1994) ISBN 0-8070-7127-7
  • A Young People's History of the United States, adapted from the original text by Rebecca Stefoff; illustrated and updated through 2006, with new introduction and afterward by Howard Zinn; two volumes, Seven Stories Press
    Seven Stories Press

    Seven Stories Press is an independent publishing company known for both cutting-edge works of fiction and a wide array of nonfiction by leading progressive voices of conscience and dissent....
    , New York, 2007.
    • Vol. 1: Columbus to the Spanish-American War. ISBN 978-1-58322-759-6
    • Vol. 2: Class Struggle to the War on Terror. ISBN 978-1-58322-760-2
  • The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy (1997) ISBN 1-888363-54-1


Forewords and introductions by Howard Zinn

  • A Gigantic Mistake by Mickey Z
    Mickey Z

    Michael Zezima is a writer, editor, blogger and novelist living in New York City with his wife, Michele. He writes a bimonthly column, "Mickey Z....
    , (2004) ISBN 1-930997-97-3
  • A People's History of the Supreme Court by Peter H. Irons
    Peter H. Irons

    Peter H. Irons is an American political activist, civil rights attorney, legal scholar, and professor of political science. Irons is a graduate of Antioch College an early incubator of progressive politics after World War II....
     (2000) ISBN 0-14-029201-2
  • A Political Dynasty In North Idaho, 1933-1967 by Randall Doyle (2004) ISBN 0-7618-2843-5
  • American Political Prisoners: Prosecutions Under the Espionage and Sedition Acts by Stephen M. Kohn
    Stephen M. Kohn

    Stephen M. Kohn is an attorney for Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto, a Washington, D.C., law firm specializing in labor law. The author of the first legal treatise on whistleblowing, Kohn is recognized as one of the top experts in whistleblower protection law....
     (1994) ISBN 0-275-94415-8
  • American Power and the New Mandarins by Noam Chomsky
    Noam Chomsky

    Avram Noam Chomsky is an United States linguistics, philosopher, cognitive science, political activist, author, and lecturer. He is an Institute Professor emeritus and professor emeritus of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology....
     (2002) ISBN 1-56584-775-X
  • Broken Promises Of America: At Home And Abroad, Past And Present: An Encyclopedia For Our Times by (Douglas F. Dowd (2004) ISBN 1-56751-313-1
  • Deserter From Death: Dispatches From Western Europe 1950-2000 by Daniel Singer (2005) ISBN 1-56025-642-7
  • Ecocide of Native America: Environmental Destruction of Indian Lands and Peoples by Donald Grinde, Bruce Johansen (1994) ISBN 0-940666-52-9
  • Eugene V. Debs Reader: Socialism and the Class Struggle by William A. Pelz (2000) ISBN 0-9704669-0-0
  • From a Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985 – 1995 by Ward Churchill
    Ward Churchill

    Ward LeRoy Churchill is an American writer and political activism. He was a professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder from 1990 to 2007....
     (1996) ISBN 0-89608-553-8
  • Green Parrots: A War Surgeon's Diary by Gino Strada
    Gino Strada

    Gino Strada is a war surgery and founder of the UN-recognized Italy Non-governmental organization Emergency . Emergency operates in thirteen war-torn countries, including Iraq, Afghanistan, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Cambodia, Rwanda....
    , (2005) ISBN 88-8158-420-4
  • Hijacking Catastrophe: 9/11, Fear And The Selling Of American Empire by Sut Jhally
    Sut Jhally

    Sutinder "Sut" Jhally is a professor of Communication studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and is a cultural studies scholar in the area of advertising, mass media, and consumption ....
     editor, Jeremy Earp editor, (2004) ISBN 1-56656-581-2
  • If You're Not a Terrorist…Then Stop Asking Questions! by Micah Ian Wright, (2004) ISBN 1-58322-626-5
  • Iraq: The Logic of Withdrawal by Anthony Arnove
    Anthony Arnove

    Anthony Arnove is a freelance literary editor, literary agent and activist based in Brooklyn. He is on the board of directors of Haymarket Books, and is active in the National Writers Union and the International Socialist Organization....
    , (2006) ISBN 978-1-59558-079-5
  • Impeach the President: The Case Against Bush and Cheney Dennis Loo (Editor), Peter Phillips (Editor) Seven Stories Press: 2006) ISBN 1583227431
  • Life of an Anarchist: The Alexander Berkman Reader by Alexander Berkman
    Alexander Berkman

    Alexander Berkman was an Anarchism known for his political activism and writing. He was a leading member of the anarchist movement in the early 20th century....
     Gene Fellner, editor, (2004) ISBN 1-58322-662-1
  • Long Shadows: Veterans' Paths to Peace by David Giffey editor, (2006) ISBN 1-89185-964-9
  • Masters of War: Latin America and United States Aggression from the Cuban Revolution Through the Clinton Years by Clara Nieto, Chris Brandt (trans) (2003) ISBN 1-58322-545-5
  • Peace Signs: The Anti-War Movement Illustrated by James Mann, editor (2004) ISBN 3-283-00487-0
  • Prayer for the Morning Headlines: On the Sanctity of Life and Death by Daniel Berrigan
    Daniel Berrigan

    Daniel Berrigan, S.J. is a poet, American peace activist, and Roman Catholic priest. Daniel and his brother Philip Berrigan were for a time on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list for committing acts of vandalism including destroying government property....
     (poetry) and Adrianna Amari (photography), (2007) ISBN 978-1-934074-16-9
  • Silencing Political Dissent: How Post-9-11 Anti-terrorism Measures Threaten Our Civil Liberties by Nancy Chang, Center for Constitutional Rights
    Center for Constitutional Rights

    The Center for Constitutional Rights is a non-profit legal advocacy organization based in New York City, New York, United States, co-founded in 1966 by self-described "radical lawyer" William Kunstler....
     (2002) ISBN 1-58322-494-7
  • Soldiers In Revolt: GI Resistance During The Vietnam War by David Cortright
    David Cortright

    David Cortright is an American scholar and peace activist. He is president of the Fourth Freedom Forum and a research fellow at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame....
    , (2005) ISBN 1-931859-27-2
  • Sold to the Highest Bidder: The Presidency from Dwight D. Eisenhower to George W. Bush by Daniel M. Friedenberg (2002) ISBN 1-57392-923-9
  • The Autobiography of Abbie Hoffman Intro by Norman Mailer
    Norman Mailer

    Norman Kingsley Mailer was an United States novelist, journalist, essayist, poet, playwright, screenwriter and film director.Along with Truman Capote, Joan Didion, Hunter S....
    , Afterword by HZ (2000) ISBN 1-56858-197-1
  • The Case for Socialism by Alan Maass, (2004) ISBN 1-931859-09-4
  • The Forging of the American Empire: From the Revolution to Vietnam, a History of U.S. Imperialism by Sidney Lens
    Sidney Lens

    Sidney Lens was an United States labor leader, political activist, and author, best known for his book, The Day Before Doomsday, which warns of the prospect of nuclear annihilation, published in 1977 by Doubleday ....
     (2003) ISBN 0-7453-2101-1
  • The Higher Law: Thoreau on Civil Disobedience and Reform by Henry David Thoreau
    Henry David Thoreau

    Henry David Thoreau was an United States author, poet, Natural history, tax resistance, development criticism, surveyor, historian, philosophy, and leading Transcendentalism....
     Wendell Glick, editor, (2004) ISBN 0-691-11876-0
  • The Iron Heel by Jack London
    Jack London

    Jack London was an American author who wrote The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and The Sea Wolf along with many other popular books....
    , (1971) ISBN 0-143-03971-7
  • The Sixties Experience: Hard Lessons about Modern America by Edward P. Morgan
    Edward P. Morgan

    Edward Paddock Morgan was an American journalist and writer who reported for newspapers, radio, and television media services including American Broadcasting Company, CBS, and Public Broadcasting Service networks....
    , (1992) ISBN 1-56639-014-1
  • You Back the Attack, We'll Bomb Who We Want by Micah Ian Wright, (2003) ISBN 1-58322-584-6
  • A People's History of the American Revolution by Ray Raphael
    Ray Raphael

    Historian Ray Raphael , author of fourteen books, is noted for his work on the American Revolution and the regional history of Northern California....
    , (2002) ISBN 0-06-000440-1
    Howard Zinn Foreword for New Press People's History Series


Op-Ed Pieces

  • , New York Times, Sunday Review of Books
    New York Times Sunday Review of Books

    The New York Times Sunday Review of Books is a weekly collection of book reviews published by The New York Times. Reviews are often written by the top writers in the English language, and the choice of a writer to review a book can create controversy....
      Zinn criticized the alleged moral distinction between civilian deaths by aerial bombings and those caused by suicide bombings as "illogical".


Compact discs

  • A People's History of the United States (1999)
  • Artists in the Time of War (2002)
  • Heroes & Martyrs: Emma Goldman, Sacco & Vanzetti, and the Revolutionary Struggle (2000)
  • Stories Hollywood Never Tells (2000)
  • You Can't Blow Up A Social Relationship - split CD featuring Zinn talks and noted indie rock band Resident genius
    Resident genius

    Resident Genius was a Springfield, Illinois-based independent rock band. Jason Perry and Benjamin Hopper were the band's only constant members. They broke up in 2006 after releasing three EPs and one split album....
     (Thick Records) (2005)


Zinn is currently on the Alternative Tentacles
Alternative Tentacles

Alternative Tentacles is an independent record label based in San Francisco, California and was established in 1979. It was originally used as the label name by the Dead Kennedys for the self-produced single "California ?ber Alles," and after realizing the potential for an independent label, they released records for other bands as well....
 record label run by former Dead Kennedys
Dead Kennedys

The Dead Kennedys were an United States punk band from the List of musicians in the first wave of punk music of American punk rock, formed in San Francisco, California in 1978....
 vocalist Jello Biafra
Jello Biafra

Eric Reed Boucher , more widely known by the stage name Jell-O Biafra, is an United Statesn musician, spoken word artist and leading figure of the Green Party ....
. Alternative Tentacles sells all forms of Zinn media, including books, films, and compact discs, and stocks hard-to-find Zinn material.

Biographies and profiles

  • by Davis D. Joyce, foreword by Noam Chomsky
    Noam Chomsky

    Avram Noam Chomsky is an United States linguistics, philosopher, cognitive science, political activist, author, and lecturer. He is an Institute Professor emeritus and professor emeritus of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology....
    , Prometheus Books
    Prometheus Books

    Prometheus Books is a publishing company founded in August 1969 by Paul Kurtz, who also founded the Council for Secular Humanism and co- founded Committee for Skeptical Inquiry....
    , 2003. ISBN 1-59102-131-6
  • Biographic film by Deb Ellis and Denis Mueller (2004)


External links

  • , November 27, 2003, National Public Radio
  • , Michael Kazin
  • and featuring Howard Zinn at