History of Calvinism
Encyclopedia
Calvinism
began as part of the Magisterial Reformation
branch of the Protestant Reformation
. This article could be considered a subset of:
and is related to:
Calvinism has gone through a number of stages.
took different forms in different countries. The Calvinist reformations in some of the countries are:
Some of the articles on the First Reformation also cover the second.
A version of Calvinism that has been adopted by both theological conservatives and liberals gained influence in the Dutch
Reformed churches, late in the 19th century, dubbed "neo-Calvinism", which developed along lines of the theories of Dutch theologian, statesman and journalist
, Abraham Kuyper
.
Many Calvinists regard Neo-orthodox Calvinism as not being a form of Calvinism at all, as, unlike previous stages in the history of Calvinism, it rejects some of the more basic beliefs of non-neo-orthodox Calvinism
Calvinism
Calvinism is a Protestant theological system and an approach to the Christian life...
began as part of the Magisterial Reformation
Magisterial Reformation
The Magisterial Reformation is a phrase that "draws attention to the manner in which the Lutheran and Calvinist reformers related to secular authorities, such as princes, magistrates, or city councils", i.e. "the magistracy"...
branch of the Protestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
. This article could be considered a subset of:
- History of ChristianityHistory of ChristianityThe history of Christianity concerns the Christian religion, its followers and the Church with its various denominations, from the first century to the present. Christianity was founded in the 1st century by the followers of Jesus of Nazareth who they believed to be the Christ or chosen one of God...
- History of ProtestantismHistory of ProtestantismThe Protestant Reformation of the early 16th century was an attempt to reform the Catholic Church.German theologian Martin Luther wrote his Ninety-Five Theses on the sale of indulgences in 1517. Parallel to events in Germany, a movement began in Switzerland under the leadership of Ulrich Zwingli...
and is related to:
- History of the Calvinist-Arminian debate
Calvinism has gone through a number of stages.
The First Reformation (1517–1580)
The Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
took different forms in different countries. The Calvinist reformations in some of the countries are:
- Switzerland: Reformation in SwitzerlandReformation in SwitzerlandThe Protestant Reformation in Switzerland was promoted initially by Huldrych Zwingli, who gained the support of the magistrate and population of Zürich in the 1520s. It led to significant changes in civil life and state matters in Zürich and spread to several other cantons of the Old Swiss...
- Scotland: Scottish ReformationScottish ReformationThe Scottish Reformation was Scotland's formal break with the Papacy in 1560, and the events surrounding this. It was part of the wider European Protestant Reformation; and in Scotland's case culminated ecclesiastically in the re-establishment of the church along Reformed lines, and politically in...
- Netherlands: Dutch Reformation (see also Dutch Reformed ChurchDutch Reformed ChurchThe Dutch Reformed Church was a Reformed Christian denomination in the Netherlands. It existed from the 1570s to 2004, the year it merged with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands to form the Protestant Church in the...
) - Hungary: Hungarian Reformation (see also Reformed Church in HungaryReformed Church in HungaryThe Reformed Church in Hungary is a key representative of Christianity in Hungary, being numerically the second-largest denomination in Hungary after the Roman Catholic Church, and the biggest denomination among ethnic Hungarians in Romania...
) - France: Huguenots
The Second Reformation (1621–1650)
The second reformation was given different names even in different parts of the English-speaking world. These include- Switzerland: The Reformation in SwitzerlandReformation in SwitzerlandThe Protestant Reformation in Switzerland was promoted initially by Huldrych Zwingli, who gained the support of the magistrate and population of Zürich in the 1520s. It led to significant changes in civil life and state matters in Zürich and spread to several other cantons of the Old Swiss...
is often considered to have lasted through this time - Scotland: Second Scottish Reformation (see also Covenanters)
- England:
- Puritan Awakening of the Puritans
- Pilgrims
- Netherlands: Nadere ReformatieNadere ReformatieNadere Reformatie is a Dutch term that refers to a period of church history in the Netherlands, following the Reformation, from roughly 1600 until 1750...
("Further Reformation")
Some of the articles on the First Reformation also cover the second.
The First Great Awakening (1730s and 1740s)
- UK and USA: Just as with the Protestant Reformation, so also the First Great AwakeningFirst Great AwakeningThe First Awakening was a Christian revitalization movement that swept Protestant Europe and British America, and especially the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, leaving a permanent impact on American religion. It resulted from powerful preaching that gave listeners a sense of personal...
had its Calvinist branch, as can be seen from the lives of some in the Awakening Generation. - Netherlands: Nadere ReformatieNadere ReformatieNadere Reformatie is a Dutch term that refers to a period of church history in the Netherlands, following the Reformation, from roughly 1600 until 1750...
is also considered to have continued until this time
Neo-Calvinism
- Around 1886
A version of Calvinism that has been adopted by both theological conservatives and liberals gained influence in the Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
Reformed churches, late in the 19th century, dubbed "neo-Calvinism", which developed along lines of the theories of Dutch theologian, statesman and journalist
Journalist
A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...
, Abraham Kuyper
Abraham Kuyper
Abraham Kuijper generally known as Abraham Kuyper, was a Dutch politician, journalist, statesman and theologian...
.
Neo-orthodox Calvinism
- After World War I: 1918+
Many Calvinists regard Neo-orthodox Calvinism as not being a form of Calvinism at all, as, unlike previous stages in the history of Calvinism, it rejects some of the more basic beliefs of non-neo-orthodox Calvinism
Christian Reconstruction (1958–)
Christian Reconstructionism is a distinct revision of Kuyper's approach, which sharply departs from that root influence through the complete rejection of pluralism, and by formulating suggested applications of the sanctions of Biblical Law for modern civil governmentsSee also
- CalvinismCalvinismCalvinism is a Protestant theological system and an approach to the Christian life...