Haiphong
Encyclopedia
, also Haiphong, is the third most populous city in Vietnam
. The name means, "coastal defence".
The area which is now known as Duong Kinh District was once known as Hai tan Phong thu ("defensive coastal area"), and served as the second capital of the Mac dynasty (1527–1592). At the end of Nguyen Emperor Tu Duc's reign, the headquarters of An Duong District was also moved to Hang Kenh Communal House, which now belongs to Le Chan district.
Haiphong was one of Vietnam's principal ports and trading centers. When the country was invaded by the French
, the city became France's main naval base in Indochina
. After World War II
, when Vietnam attempted to regain its independence, Hai Phong was the site of the first military action undertaken by the French, as punishment for the death of three French soldiers. Some sources claim that the French heavy cruiser Suffren
bombarded the city, while others claim it was not Suffren but 3 avisos or sloops, supported by Suffren, the ships that bombarded the city and adjacent fields in an aggression that contributed to the start of the First Indochina War
. French infantry forces under the command of Jean-Étienne Valluy
invaded the city and fought house to house with support from armored units and jet fighters.
, Hai Phong was subjected to heavy bombing by US Navy and Air Force strike aircraft because it was North Vietnam
's only major port. After the war, the city recovered and became a significant industrial center. Today, its port serves the entire northern region of Vietnam, and has managed to attract large foreign direct investment
that fueled economic rates of growth exceeding 10% per annum over the last decade.
Population growth
As of the 2009 census, Haiphong's average annual population growth rate was given as 4.0%. Haiphong's crude birth rate was recorded at 18.1 live birth
s per 1000 persons; the crude death rate was measured at 7.6 per 1000 persons. Life expectancy
at birth was estimated at 77.1 years for women and 72.0 years for men, or 74.5 years overall. The infant mortality rate was measured at 11.8 infant deaths per 1000 live births, just over two points above the nation's average for urban areas. In the same census, the city's immigration and emigration rates were measured at 2.8% and 1.9%, respectively, for a net migration rate
of 0.9%.
, in Vietnam's northeastern coastal area, 120 km east of Hanoi
. It has a total natural area of 152,318.49ha (2001). It borders Quang Ninh province to the north, Hai Duong
province to the west, Thai Binh
province to the south, and the Gulf of Tonkin
to the east. Bach Long Vi
island, located in the Gulf, is also administered as part of the city. The city is located in a convenient position for transportation to domestic provinces, and international networks via road network, railway, sea routes, inland waterway and air.
, with hot, humid summers and warm, dry winters. The city is noticeably wetter from April through October. In fact about roughly 90% of the city’s annual precipitation (which is approximately 1600 mm of rainfall) typically falls during these months. There is a noticeable difference in temperatures between the city’s winters and summers. Hai Phong’s coolest months, January and February, sees average high temperatures reach 20 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures at around 14 degrees Celsius. Its warmest months, June and July, sees average high temperatures hover around 33 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures at around 26 degrees Celsius.
Haiphong is a famous city in the North of VietNam with many coastlines named Do Son, Cat Ba, Cat Co, Dao Khi,... Doson Casino is also a tourist attraction place.
Resently, in Hai Phong, a resort has just been onpened. It is "Hon Dau" resort on the coast of Do Son. This resort is also the first resort in North Vietnam which has 4 to 5 four star hotels have been building. Beside that there are some interesting places there like the biggest pool in southest Asia, a casino for foreigner only, a mountain with Da Lat small view,....
Beside this, in Cat Ba Island – 25 kilometters from the city central- there is also a resort named Cat Ba Amatina . This was located on the coast of Tung Thu beach and near the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve . In this resort there are 3 to 7 hotels from 3 to 5 stars and 50 villas which have been building since June 2010. Restaurans, parks and markets are also be building there. It could be a good place to spend your holiday with your friends and family.
Haiphong is located near the junction of two National Highways: Route 5, leading west to Hanoi
, and Route 10, leading south to Nam Dinh
and connecting with National Highway 1A
at Ninh Binh
. Highway 356 passes west–east from the Route 5/10 junction through Haiphong's downtown area all the way to the coast.
There is also a connecting road from route 5 to route 18 which connects Hai Phong and Quang Ninh province.
There are several coach stations, such as Tam Bac, Niem Nghia, Cau Rao.
By sea
Hai Phong port is one of the two biggest ports in Vietnam. It is also listed in one of the most important port in the Southeast Asia.
The Port of Haiphong
is divided into three main terminals: Hoang Dieu terminal (Central terminal), located near the city's center; Chua Ve terminal, and Dinh Vu Terminal, both on the eastern side of town. All three terminals are located on the banks of the Cam River
. Several ferry terminals connect Haiphong with the neighboring Cat Hai
and Cat Ba Islands; Ben Binh Ferry terminal is located near the downtown area, while Dinh Vu Ferry is located on a spit of land on the coast. Recently, the government of Vietnam has approved the plan about building an international port in Lach Huyen – 15 kilometers from the city central. This will be one of the biggest port in Vietnam whose depth is about −14m which can receive 50000 to 100000 DWT ships.
By train
Hai Phong Railway Station
, established in 1902, is the eastern terminus of the Hanoi–Hai Phong railway line, also known as the Yunnan–Vietnam Railway. Built at the initiative of the French
during their occupation, the railway once connected Haiphong to the city of Kunming
in China
's Yunnan
province, although service along the Chinese portion of the line is currently suspended. Rail travel from Haiphong
is still possible, with connections to the rest of the Vietnamese railway network
possible via Hanoi. Besides this, there are lots of railway roads in the whole city to served the requirement of moving goods out of and into ports.
By air
The main airport serving Hai Phong is Cat Bi International Airport, with three flights a day to Ho Chi Minh city. Recently, in April, 2011 Vietnam Airlines has just opened a new flight which connects Hai Phong and Da Nang with 5 flights a week.
According to the plan of Vietnam government, there will be an international airport in Hai Phong which is located in Tien Lang district. This is planned to be the biggest airport in North Vietnam.
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
. The name means, "coastal defence".
History
Hai Phong was originally founded by Lê Chân, the female general of a Vietnamese revolution against the Chinese led by the Trưng Sisters (Hai Bà Trưng) in the year 43 C.E.The area which is now known as Duong Kinh District was once known as Hai tan Phong thu ("defensive coastal area"), and served as the second capital of the Mac dynasty (1527–1592). At the end of Nguyen Emperor Tu Duc's reign, the headquarters of An Duong District was also moved to Hang Kenh Communal House, which now belongs to Le Chan district.
Haiphong was one of Vietnam's principal ports and trading centers. When the country was invaded by the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, the city became France's main naval base in Indochina
French Indochina
French Indochina was part of the French colonial empire in southeast Asia. A federation of the three Vietnamese regions, Tonkin , Annam , and Cochinchina , as well as Cambodia, was formed in 1887....
. After World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, when Vietnam attempted to regain its independence, Hai Phong was the site of the first military action undertaken by the French, as punishment for the death of three French soldiers. Some sources claim that the French heavy cruiser Suffren
French cruiser Suffren
The Suffren was a heavy cruiser of the French Navy, the name ship of the four-ship Suffren class. Launched in 1927, she was named for the 18th-century French admiral Pierre André de Suffren de Saint Tropez, becoming the sixth vessel to bear the name Suffren.-World War II:In early June 1940, at the...
bombarded the city, while others claim it was not Suffren but 3 avisos or sloops, supported by Suffren, the ships that bombarded the city and adjacent fields in an aggression that contributed to the start of the First Indochina War
First Indochina War
The First Indochina War was fought in French Indochina from December 19, 1946, until August 1, 1954, between the French Union's French Far East...
. French infantry forces under the command of Jean-Étienne Valluy
Jean-Étienne Valluy
Jean Etienne Valluy was a French general .He was born in Rive-de-Gier, Loire, on 15 May 1899 to Claude Valluy and Jeanne, Adrienne Cossanges. In 1917 he entered the military academy of Saint-Cyr...
invaded the city and fought house to house with support from armored units and jet fighters.
Vietnam War
Later, in the Vietnam WarVietnam War
The Vietnam War was a Cold War-era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of...
, Hai Phong was subjected to heavy bombing by US Navy and Air Force strike aircraft because it was North Vietnam
North Vietnam
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam , was a communist state that ruled the northern half of Vietnam from 1954 until 1976 following the Geneva Conference and laid claim to all of Vietnam from 1945 to 1954 during the First Indochina War, during which they controlled pockets of territory throughout...
's only major port. After the war, the city recovered and became a significant industrial center. Today, its port serves the entire northern region of Vietnam, and has managed to attract large foreign direct investment
Foreign direct investment
Foreign direct investment or foreign investment refers to the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor.. It is the sum of equity capital,other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in...
that fueled economic rates of growth exceeding 10% per annum over the last decade.
Demographics
Haiphong is the third largest city in Vietnam, with an area of 1,507.57 km² and a population of 1,884,685 according to the 2009 census. Women make up 50.4% of Haiphong's population.Population growth
As of the 2009 census, Haiphong's average annual population growth rate was given as 4.0%. Haiphong's crude birth rate was recorded at 18.1 live birth
Live birth
In human reproduction, a live birth occurs when a fetus, whatever its gestational age, exits the maternal body and subsequently shows any sign of life, such as voluntary movement, heartbeat, or pulsation of the umbilical cord, for however brief a time and regardless of whether the umbilical cord or...
s per 1000 persons; the crude death rate was measured at 7.6 per 1000 persons. Life expectancy
Life expectancy
Life expectancy is the expected number of years of life remaining at a given age. It is denoted by ex, which means the average number of subsequent years of life for someone now aged x, according to a particular mortality experience...
at birth was estimated at 77.1 years for women and 72.0 years for men, or 74.5 years overall. The infant mortality rate was measured at 11.8 infant deaths per 1000 live births, just over two points above the nation's average for urban areas. In the same census, the city's immigration and emigration rates were measured at 2.8% and 1.9%, respectively, for a net migration rate
Net migration rate
Net migration rate is the difference of immigrants and emigrants of an area in a period of time, divided per 1,000 inhabitants...
of 0.9%.
Geography
Hai Phong is a coastal city located at the mouth of the Cam RiverCam River (Vietnam)
The Cam River is a river in northern Vietnam. It is one of the shorter distributaries of the Thai Binh River but geographically important as Hai Phong, Vietnam's second largest port is located on the banks of this river.-Geography:...
, in Vietnam's northeastern coastal area, 120 km east of Hanoi
Hanoi
Hanoi , is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts, 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam...
. It has a total natural area of 152,318.49ha (2001). It borders Quang Ninh province to the north, Hai Duong
Hai Duong
Hải Dương is a city in Vietnam. It is the capital of Hai Duong province. Its name is Sino-Vietnamese for "ocean" .- Geography :Hai Duong city is bordered to the northeast by the Nam Sách District and Thanh Hà District...
province to the west, Thai Binh
Thai Binh
Thái Bình is a city in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. It is the capital of Thai Binh province. It is located 110 km from Hanoi. The city area is 67.7 square km, with a population of 210,000 people . Before the prime minister declared it a city in June of 2004, it was officially a town....
province to the south, and the Gulf of Tonkin
Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin is an arm of the South China Sea, lying off the coast of northeastern Vietnam.-Etymology:The name Tonkin, written "東京" in Hán tự and Đông Kinh in romanised Vietnamese, means "Eastern Capital", and is the former toponym for Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam...
to the east. Bach Long Vi
Bach Long Vi
Bach Long Vi island is located in the Gulf of Tonkin, about halfway between Hai Phong and Hainan Island . The island is an offshore district of Haiphong City. Fishing comprises the majority of economic activity in the Gulf of Tonkin, and Bach Long Vi is a major nursery and harvesting area for...
island, located in the Gulf, is also administered as part of the city. The city is located in a convenient position for transportation to domestic provinces, and international networks via road network, railway, sea routes, inland waterway and air.
Climate
Hai Phong features a humid subtropical climateHumid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters...
, with hot, humid summers and warm, dry winters. The city is noticeably wetter from April through October. In fact about roughly 90% of the city’s annual precipitation (which is approximately 1600 mm of rainfall) typically falls during these months. There is a noticeable difference in temperatures between the city’s winters and summers. Hai Phong’s coolest months, January and February, sees average high temperatures reach 20 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures at around 14 degrees Celsius. Its warmest months, June and July, sees average high temperatures hover around 33 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures at around 26 degrees Celsius.
Tourism
- Cat Ba Biosphere ReserveCat Ba IslandCat Ba is the largest of the 366 islands spanning 260km2 that comprise the Cat Ba Archipelago, which makes up the southeastern edge of Ha Long Bay in Northern Vietnam. Cat Ba island has a surface area of 285 km2 and maintains the dramatic and rugged features of Ha Long Bay...
- Cat Ba National ParkCat Ba National ParkCát Bà National Park is an important national park in northern Vietnam. Cát Bà is situated in Ha Long Bay, is administered by the city of Hai Phong, and belongs to the Cát Hải District of Hai Phong....
- The Grand Catholic Cathedral
- Du Hang Pagoda
- Hang Kenh Communal House
- Do Sơn Beach
- Elephant Mountain
- Vinh Bao District
- Trang Kenh – Bach Dang
- Tien Lang Hot Water Spring Resort & Spa
Resently, in Hai Phong, a resort has just been onpened. It is "Hon Dau" resort on the coast of Do Son. This resort is also the first resort in North Vietnam which has 4 to 5 four star hotels have been building. Beside that there are some interesting places there like the biggest pool in southest Asia, a casino for foreigner only, a mountain with Da Lat small view,....
Beside this, in Cat Ba Island – 25 kilometters from the city central- there is also a resort named Cat Ba Amatina . This was located on the coast of Tung Thu beach and near the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve . In this resort there are 3 to 7 hotels from 3 to 5 stars and 50 villas which have been building since June 2010. Restaurans, parks and markets are also be building there. It could be a good place to spend your holiday with your friends and family.
Transport
By LandHaiphong is located near the junction of two National Highways: Route 5, leading west to Hanoi
Hanoi
Hanoi , is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts, 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam...
, and Route 10, leading south to Nam Dinh
Nam Dinh
Nam Định is a big city in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. It is the capital of Nam Dinh Province and capital of the South of Red River Delta. Nam Dinh province was, at one time, part of Ha Nam Ninh province until it was split up again in 1996 to return to being two separate provinces,...
and connecting with National Highway 1A
National Highway 1A (Vietnam)
National Route 1A National Route 1A National Route 1A (Vietnamese language: Quốc lộ 1A (or abbrv. QL1A) or Đường 1 is the trans-Vietnam highway. The route begins at km 0 at Huu Nghi Quan Border Gate (cửa khẩu Hữu Nghị Quan) near the Sino-Vietnamese border...
at Ninh Binh
Ninh Bình
Ninh Bình is a city in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. It is the capital of Ninh Binh province.-Geography:Ninh Binh city located in the southernmost plains north Vietnam...
. Highway 356 passes west–east from the Route 5/10 junction through Haiphong's downtown area all the way to the coast.
There is also a connecting road from route 5 to route 18 which connects Hai Phong and Quang Ninh province.
There are several coach stations, such as Tam Bac, Niem Nghia, Cau Rao.
By sea
Hai Phong port is one of the two biggest ports in Vietnam. It is also listed in one of the most important port in the Southeast Asia.
The Port of Haiphong
Hai Phong Port
Hai Phong Port is a port group in Hai Phong City, Vietnam, serving Northern Vietnam and future Kunming-Lao Cai-Hanoi-Haiphong Corridor. This is the leading seaport for northern Vietnam. This port system is under planning to handle ships up to 30,000-40,000 DWT....
is divided into three main terminals: Hoang Dieu terminal (Central terminal), located near the city's center; Chua Ve terminal, and Dinh Vu Terminal, both on the eastern side of town. All three terminals are located on the banks of the Cam River
Cam River
The Cam River is a river of New Zealand. It flows north from the Inland Kaikoura Range and is a tributary of the Awatere River.Cam River is also an alternative name for the Ruataniwha River.-References:* - Search for Place Names...
. Several ferry terminals connect Haiphong with the neighboring Cat Hai
Cat Hai
Cát Hải is a rural district of Hai Phong, the third largest city of Vietnam....
and Cat Ba Islands; Ben Binh Ferry terminal is located near the downtown area, while Dinh Vu Ferry is located on a spit of land on the coast. Recently, the government of Vietnam has approved the plan about building an international port in Lach Huyen – 15 kilometers from the city central. This will be one of the biggest port in Vietnam whose depth is about −14m which can receive 50000 to 100000 DWT ships.
By train
Hai Phong Railway Station
Hai Phong Railway Station
Hai Phong Railway Station is one of the main railway stations on the Hanoi-Hai Phong Railway in Vietnam. It serves the city of Hai Phong.It is also the terminus of the Sino-Vietnamese Railway, a French engineered narrow gauge railway completed in 1910, which was the first railway line to the...
, established in 1902, is the eastern terminus of the Hanoi–Hai Phong railway line, also known as the Yunnan–Vietnam Railway. Built at the initiative of the French
French Indochina
French Indochina was part of the French colonial empire in southeast Asia. A federation of the three Vietnamese regions, Tonkin , Annam , and Cochinchina , as well as Cambodia, was formed in 1887....
during their occupation, the railway once connected Haiphong to the city of Kunming
Kunming
' is the capital and largest city of Yunnan Province in Southwest China. It was known as Yunnan-Fou until the 1920s. A prefecture-level city, it is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of Yunnan, and is the seat of the provincial government...
in China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
's Yunnan
Yunnan
Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...
province, although service along the Chinese portion of the line is currently suspended. Rail travel from Haiphong
Haiphong
, also Haiphong, is the third most populous city in Vietnam. The name means, "coastal defence".-History:Hai Phong was originally founded by Lê Chân, the female general of a Vietnamese revolution against the Chinese led by the Trưng Sisters in the year 43 C.E.The area which is now known as Duong...
is still possible, with connections to the rest of the Vietnamese railway network
Rail transport in Vietnam
The railway system in Vietnam is owned and operated by the state-owned Vietnam Railways . The principal route, the single track North-South Railway running between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, accounts for of the network's total length of...
possible via Hanoi. Besides this, there are lots of railway roads in the whole city to served the requirement of moving goods out of and into ports.
By air
The main airport serving Hai Phong is Cat Bi International Airport, with three flights a day to Ho Chi Minh city. Recently, in April, 2011 Vietnam Airlines has just opened a new flight which connects Hai Phong and Da Nang with 5 flights a week.
According to the plan of Vietnam government, there will be an international airport in Hai Phong which is located in Tien Lang district. This is planned to be the biggest airport in North Vietnam.
Notable people
- Mac Dang Dung (1483–1541) king of Đại Việt country, the founder of the Mạc Dynasty
- Nguyen Binh Khiem (1491–1585) thinker, poet, prophet, Cao DaiCao DaiCao Đài is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tay Ninh, southern Vietnam, in 1926. Đạo Cao Đài is the religion's shortened name, the full name is Đại Đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ...
religion saint - Văn CaoVan CaoVăn Cao was a Vietnamese composer whose works include Tiến Quân Ca, which became the national anthem of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. He, along with Pham Duy and Trinh Cong Son, is widely considered one of the three most salient figures of modern Vietnamese music...
(1923–1995) musician, poet, painter and composer of the national anthem of Vietnam Tiến Quân Ca - Georges CondominasGeorges CondominasGeorges Louis Condominas was a French cultural anthropologist. He is best known for his field studies of the Mnong people of Vietnam.-Biography:...
(1921–2011) French anthropologist, ethnologist (born in Haiphong, mother is Chinese-Vietnamese) - Michel HenryMichel HenryMichel Henry was a French philosopher and novelist. He wrote five novels and numerous philosophical works. He also lectured at universities in France, Belgium, the United States of America, and Japan.- Biography :...
(1922–2002) French philosopher and novelist (born in Haiphong, lived in French Indochina until he was seven years old) - Fan YangFan YangFan Yang is a Canadian bubble artist. He was born in Vietnam in 1962, his mother is a Haiphong native. He has earned international acclaim as a result of his complex displays of bubble theater. In addition to performing he has developed his own bubble solution formulas and equipment to create...
(1962 – ) Canadian bubble artist, 16-time Guinness World RecordsGuinness World RecordsGuinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records , is a reference book published annually, containing a collection of world records, both human achievements and the extremes of the natural world...
holder (born in Vietnam, his mother is a Haiphong native) - Ngoc SonNgoc SonNgoc Son is a Vietnamese singer, popularly known for his musical talent.- Early life and career :Ngoc Son was born in Do Son, Hai Phong, Vietnam. With Ngoc Hai and Ngoc Ha, two of his brothers, Ngoc Son has conducted many music programs. With a high, warm, healthy, and sound male voice, Ngoc Son...
(1970 – ) singer, songwriter - Tra GiangTrà GiangTrà Giang is a Vietnamese actress. Her most famous film is 17th Parallel, Days and Nights , Vietnamese title : Vĩ tuyến 17, ngày và đêm.- External links :...
(1942 – ) film actress (born in Quang Ngai provinceQuang Ngai ProvinceQuảng Ngãi is a province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam, on the coast of South China Sea. It is located 883 km south of Hanoi and 838 km north of Ho Chi Minh City.-History:...
, grew up and schooled in Haiphong) - Phan Thi Ha ThanhPhan Thi Ha ThanhPhan Thị Hà Thanh born 16th October 1991, is a Vietnamese artistic gymnast from Hai Phong. In 2011 she became the first gymnast to win a world medal for Vietnam, winning the Bronze medal on Vault at the 2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Tokyo, Japan...
(1991 – ) artistic gymnast, first gymnast to win a world medal for Vietnam gymnastics (2011)