Hadath El Jebbeh
Encyclopedia
Hadath El Jebbeh is a town located in the Bsharri District in the North Governorate
of Lebanon
. It is situated in the Valley of Qadisha. The population is Christian Maronite.
, Hadath Baalbeck and finally Hadath Al Jebbeh. Other localities by this name exist in the Middle-East.
The Semitic root of Hadath means the new. Hadath could mean the new town.
The common pronunciation of the name is Hadad. It gives an indication to a probable different meaning. Hadad
was the northwest Semitic
storm and rain god and the town could have had a temple dedicated to this god. And the popular tradition claims that the church dedicated to the saint patron of Hadath, Saint Daniel
, was built on the remnants of a pagan temple.
Jebbeh is the traditional name of the Kadisha region, called also Jebbet Bsharri in reference to Bsharri
the largest town of this region. The Semitic root Gb means well, deep and could be a reference to the deep gorges of the Kadisha. In Lebanon
, other Jebbeh exist like Jebbet Mnaytra and Jebbet Yanuh.
settled there in the 9th Century A.D. after fleeing the Orontes valley. The town knew its importance during the Crusades
. It was destroyed at the end of 13th Century A.D. by the Mamluk
army. Going to this period, 8 Maronite mummies
of inhabitants were found in a nearby grotto, the 'Assi of Hadath. After its destruction, the town recovered and regained some importance till the end of the 16th Century A.D.
Hadath gave the Maronite Church
three Patriarchs, Yaaqoub Ibn Eid (1445–1468), Boutros Ibn Youssef Ibn Yaaqoub, known as Ibn Hassane (1468–1492) and Sham'un Ibn Dawud Ibn Youssef Ibn Hassane (1492–1524). Those three patriarchs were very active in combating the influence of the Jacobites
on the Maronites
, a struggle that led to the eviction of the Jacobites of the Kadisha around 1550.
North Governorate
North Governorate is one of the governorates of Lebanon. Its capital is Tripoli.-Districts:The North Governorate is divided into districts, or aqdya...
of Lebanon
Lebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
. It is situated in the Valley of Qadisha. The population is Christian Maronite.
Etymology
Hadath is the name of three localities in Lebanon. To differentiate between the localities, the name of the region is added, Hadath BeirutBeirut
Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon, with a population ranging from 1 million to more than 2 million . Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coastline, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan...
, Hadath Baalbeck and finally Hadath Al Jebbeh. Other localities by this name exist in the Middle-East.
The Semitic root of Hadath means the new. Hadath could mean the new town.
The common pronunciation of the name is Hadad. It gives an indication to a probable different meaning. Hadad
Hadad
Haddad was a northwest Semitic storm and rain god, cognate in name and origin with the Akkadian god Adad. Hadad was often called simply Ba‘al , but this title was also used for other gods. The bull was the symbolic animal of Hadad. He appeared as a bearded deity, often shown as holding a club and...
was the northwest Semitic
Semitic
In linguistics and ethnology, Semitic was first used to refer to a language family of largely Middle Eastern origin, now called the Semitic languages...
storm and rain god and the town could have had a temple dedicated to this god. And the popular tradition claims that the church dedicated to the saint patron of Hadath, Saint Daniel
Saint Daniel
Saint Daniel may refer to:* Daniel, the biblical prophet* Daniel of Padua , Italian Roman Catholic saint and martyr, feast day January 3* Daniel Comboni , Italian Roman Catholic saint, missionary to Africa, feast day July 17...
, was built on the remnants of a pagan temple.
Jebbeh is the traditional name of the Kadisha region, called also Jebbet Bsharri in reference to Bsharri
Bsharri
Bsharri , is a Lebanese town at about 1,450 m of altitude, near the Kadisha Valley. It is located at , in the Bsharri District of the North Governorate. Bsharri is the town of the only remaining Original Cedars of Lebanon...
the largest town of this region. The Semitic root Gb means well, deep and could be a reference to the deep gorges of the Kadisha. In Lebanon
Lebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
, other Jebbeh exist like Jebbet Mnaytra and Jebbet Yanuh.
History
Hadath is a very ancient settlement. MaronitesMaronites
Maronites , is an ethnoreligious group in the Middle East that have been historically tied with Lebanon. They derive their name from the Syriac saint Mar Maron whose followers moved to Mount Lebanon from northern Syria establishing the Maronite Church....
settled there in the 9th Century A.D. after fleeing the Orontes valley. The town knew its importance during the Crusades
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars, blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church with the main goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem...
. It was destroyed at the end of 13th Century A.D. by the Mamluk
Mamluk
A Mamluk was a soldier of slave origin, who were predominantly Cumans/Kipchaks The "mamluk phenomenon", as David Ayalon dubbed the creation of the specific warrior...
army. Going to this period, 8 Maronite mummies
Maronite mummies
The Maronite mummies are eight well preserved natural mummies of Maronite villagers dating back to around 1283 AD. They were uncovered by a team of speleologists in the Qadisha Valley in 1991.-Discovery:...
of inhabitants were found in a nearby grotto, the 'Assi of Hadath. After its destruction, the town recovered and regained some importance till the end of the 16th Century A.D.
Hadath gave the Maronite Church
Maronite Church
The Syriac Maronite Church of Antioch is an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Holy See of Rome . It traces its heritage back to the community founded by Maron, a 4th-century Syriac monk venerated as a saint. The first Maronite Patriarch, John Maron, was elected in the late 7th...
three Patriarchs, Yaaqoub Ibn Eid (1445–1468), Boutros Ibn Youssef Ibn Yaaqoub, known as Ibn Hassane (1468–1492) and Sham'un Ibn Dawud Ibn Youssef Ibn Hassane (1492–1524). Those three patriarchs were very active in combating the influence of the Jacobites
West Syrian Rite
The West Syrian Rite, also known as the Syrian Rite or the Syro-Antiochene Rite, is a Christian liturgical rite chiefly practiced in the Syriac Orthodox Church and churches related to or descended from it. It is part of the liturgical family known as the Antiochene Rite, which originated in the...
on the Maronites
Maronites
Maronites , is an ethnoreligious group in the Middle East that have been historically tied with Lebanon. They derive their name from the Syriac saint Mar Maron whose followers moved to Mount Lebanon from northern Syria establishing the Maronite Church....
, a struggle that led to the eviction of the Jacobites of the Kadisha around 1550.