Gumla
Encyclopedia
Gumla is a town which is also headquarters of Gumla district
of Jharkhand
state
, India
.
-Mela
‘ took place once in a year and continued for one week. Here all items of daily use, utensils, ornaments, grains, cattle etc. were sold & exchanged. Since there was no other alternative to get the items, people make a long list of items required during the year and buy them in this mela. People from distant places used to come here for buying & selling cattle such as cows & bullocks for agricultural purposes. Gradually people started to inhabit this place. It grew into a village
and got the name Gumla as a derivative of Gau–Mela.
During the British rule there was a revolt against the British Rule in 1800 AD. Hardly seven years later in 1807, the Oraons in Barway murdered their big landlord of Srinagar west of Gumla. Soon the uprisings spread around Gumla.During British rule Gumla was under Lohardaga
district. In 1843 it was brought under Bishunpur province that was further named Ranchi
. In fact Ranchi district came into existence in 1899. In 1902 Gumla became Sub-division under Ranchi district.
During medieval era Chhotanagpur
region was reigned by Kings of Naga dynasty. Baraik Devenandan Singh was given right to rule over Gumla circle. It is said that during the Kolh Reble in 1931-32, Vaktar Say had played a prominent role. Ganga Maharaj, who built the Kali
Temple
at Sri Ramnagar, had played active role in Quit India Movement
in 1942. For this great contribution for Independence
, he was honored with Life Time Pension by government of India
.
On 18 MAY 1984 Gumla District came into existence .Sri Jagannath Mishra then ruling Chief Minister
of Bihar
inaugurated it and Sri Dwarika Nath Sinha acquired the post of 1st deputy commissioner of the just born district.
which forms the eastern edge of the Deccan plateau system. There are three major rivers, which flow through the Gumla viz. South Koyel, North Koyel and Shankh River.
, Gumla had a population of 104600. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Gumla has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 70%. In Gumla, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The major languages spoken in this region of Jharkhand are Nagpuri or Sadri
, Hindi
, Oriya
, Bihari
& Kurukh.
There are numerous schools in Gumla, many of them are very good and even produce state toppers.
Saraswati Shishu/Vidya Mandir, Don Bosco School, St. Ignatius School, Oxford Public School, Natro Dame School, D.A.V. Public School, St. Stephen’s School, Ursuline Convent, S.S. High School, St. Patrick School, Wescott Public School etc. are some of the schools here. St. Ignatius School is a Jesuit run school which has produced international level Hockey players.
Raj karma is celebrated by the whole community in this region .Budhi karma is celebrated only by old women in the month of June to call the god of rain .The third one is celebrated by the whole villagers .
Gumla District
Gumla district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Gumla town is the administrative headquarters of this district.-Etymology:...
of Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east...
state
States and territories of India
India is a federal union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.-List of states and territories:...
, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
.
History
Long ago Gumla was a small hamlet. Fair ‘GauCattle
Cattle are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius...
-Mela
Mela
Mela is a Sanskrit word meaning 'gathering' or 'to meet' or a Fair. It is used in the Indian subcontinent for all sizes of gathering and can be religious, commercial, cultural or sports. In rural traditions melas or village fairs were of great importance...
‘ took place once in a year and continued for one week. Here all items of daily use, utensils, ornaments, grains, cattle etc. were sold & exchanged. Since there was no other alternative to get the items, people make a long list of items required during the year and buy them in this mela. People from distant places used to come here for buying & selling cattle such as cows & bullocks for agricultural purposes. Gradually people started to inhabit this place. It grew into a village
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...
and got the name Gumla as a derivative of Gau–Mela.
During the British rule there was a revolt against the British Rule in 1800 AD. Hardly seven years later in 1807, the Oraons in Barway murdered their big landlord of Srinagar west of Gumla. Soon the uprisings spread around Gumla.During British rule Gumla was under Lohardaga
Lohardaga
Lohardaga is a town and the district headquarters of Lohardaga district in the Indian state of Jharkhand, west of Ranchi, the state capital. Earlier Lohardaga was the commissionary headquarters for Chotanagpur. It was only later that the commissionary of Chotanagpur was shifted to Ranchi...
district. In 1843 it was brought under Bishunpur province that was further named Ranchi
Ranchi
-Climate:Ranchi has a humid subtropical climate. However, due to its position and the forests around the city, it is known for its pleasant climate. Its climate is the primary reason why Ranchi was once the summer capital of the undivided State of Bihar...
. In fact Ranchi district came into existence in 1899. In 1902 Gumla became Sub-division under Ranchi district.
During medieval era Chhotanagpur
Chhotanagpur
Chhotanagpur is an area including the tribal areas of Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and West Bengal states in India. Many residents of the area identify with the name even though there is no political recognition of the area. A local dialect of Hindi called Nagpuri is common in the area....
region was reigned by Kings of Naga dynasty. Baraik Devenandan Singh was given right to rule over Gumla circle. It is said that during the Kolh Reble in 1931-32, Vaktar Say had played a prominent role. Ganga Maharaj, who built the Kali
Kali
' , also known as ' , is the Hindu goddess associated with power, shakti. The name Kali comes from kāla, which means black, time, death, lord of death, Shiva. Kali means "the black one". Since Shiva is called Kāla - the eternal time, Kālī, his consort, also means "Time" or "Death" . Hence, Kāli is...
Temple
Temple
A temple is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities, such as prayer and sacrifice, or analogous rites. A templum constituted a sacred precinct as defined by a priest, or augur. It has the same root as the word "template," a plan in preparation of the building that was marked out...
at Sri Ramnagar, had played active role in Quit India Movement
Quit India Movement
The Quit India Movement , or the August Movement was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Mohandas Gandhi's call for immediate independence. Gandhi hoped to bring the British government to the negotiating table...
in 1942. For this great contribution for Independence
Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory....
, he was honored with Life Time Pension by government of India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
.
On 18 MAY 1984 Gumla District came into existence .Sri Jagannath Mishra then ruling Chief Minister
Chief Minister
A Chief Minister is the elected head of government of a sub-national state, provinces of Sri Lanka, Pakistan, notably a state of India, a territory of Australia or a British Overseas Territory that has attained self-government...
of Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....
inaugurated it and Sri Dwarika Nath Sinha acquired the post of 1st deputy commissioner of the just born district.
Geography
Gumla is located at 23°N 84.50°E. Geographically, Gumla is located on southern part of the Chota Nagpur plateauChota Nagpur Plateau
The Chota Nagpur Plateau is a plateau in eastern India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Orissa, West Bengal, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. The Indo-Gangetic plain lies to the north and east of the plateau, and the basin of the Mahanadi River lies to the south...
which forms the eastern edge of the Deccan plateau system. There are three major rivers, which flow through the Gumla viz. South Koyel, North Koyel and Shankh River.
Climate
Gumla enjoys a good climate characterized by a pleasant cold and temperate weather conditions. Gumla has a sub-tropical climate. Temperature ranges from maximum 40 to 20°C during summer, and minimum 21 to 3°C during winter. The annual rainfall is about 1450 mm. From June to September the rainfall level is about 1,150 mm.Demographics
India censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
, Gumla had a population of 104600. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Gumla has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 70%. In Gumla, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The major languages spoken in this region of Jharkhand are Nagpuri or Sadri
Sadri
Sadri is a city and a municipality in Pali district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The city was called gate of Mewar to Marwar. Sadri is one of main worship place for Jain community. Sadri is landing place for Ranakpur Temple and Shri Parshuram Mahadev Mandir. Sadri Gram Panchayat converted...
, Hindi
Hindi
Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
, Oriya
Oriya language
Oriya , officially Odia from November, 2011, is an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. It is mainly spoken in the Indian states of Orissa and West Bengal...
, Bihari
Bihari people
The Biharis are an ethnic group originating from the present state of Bihar with a history going back three millennia...
& Kurukh.
Education
Education has always been a problem for Gumla. Due to non-availability of good colleges, students are forced to go to Ranchi for higher education. The colleges here come under Ranchi University. There are three colleges: Kartik Oraon College, Women’s College and Karunavati Devi Memorial College.There are numerous schools in Gumla, many of them are very good and even produce state toppers.
Saraswati Shishu/Vidya Mandir, Don Bosco School, St. Ignatius School, Oxford Public School, Natro Dame School, D.A.V. Public School, St. Stephen’s School, Ursuline Convent, S.S. High School, St. Patrick School, Wescott Public School etc. are some of the schools here. St. Ignatius School is a Jesuit run school which has produced international level Hockey players.
Tourist attraction
- Anjan - Small village about 18 km away from Gumla. The name of the village has been derived from the name of goddess Anjani, mother of HanumanHanumanHanuman , is a Hindu deity, who is an ardent devotee of Rama, a central character in the Indian epic Ramayana and one of the dearest devotees of lord Rama. A general among the vanaras, an ape-like race of forest-dwellers, Hanuman is an incarnation of the divine and a disciple of Lord Rama in the...
. Many objects of archeological importance obtained from this place has been placed at PatnaPatnaPaṭnā , is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar and the second largest city in Eastern India . Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world...
MuseumMuseumA museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities...
. It is birth place of HanumanHanumanHanuman , is a Hindu deity, who is an ardent devotee of Rama, a central character in the Indian epic Ramayana and one of the dearest devotees of lord Rama. A general among the vanaras, an ape-like race of forest-dwellers, Hanuman is an incarnation of the divine and a disciple of Lord Rama in the...
. - Baghmunda - It is famous for religious stone idols (Ajanta caves stone idols).
- Rajendra - It has great scenic value. It is surrounded by hills on all sides. It is as beautiful as any other famous hill stations in India.
- Dewaki - It is a place of religious importance. It is famous for a Shiv-Parvati temple. During SawanSawanSawan is a fifth month in the traditional Vikrama as well as the Nanakshahi calendar, which governs the activities within Sikhism. This month coincides with July and August in the Gregorian and Julian calendars and is 31 days long, like the Gregorian and Julian calendars.-July:* July 16 - The...
month devotees from every corner visit here to offer water to the ShivaShivaShiva is a major Hindu deity, and is the destroyer god or transformer among the Trimurti, the Hindu Trinity of the primary aspects of the divine. God Shiva is a yogi who has notice of everything that happens in the world and is the main aspect of life. Yet one with great power lives a life of a...
Linga and the place becomes a fair ground. - Hapamuni - Famous and ancient village Mahamaya templeTempleA temple is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities, such as prayer and sacrifice, or analogous rites. A templum constituted a sacred precinct as defined by a priest, or augur. It has the same root as the word "template," a plan in preparation of the building that was marked out...
that is the identity of this village. - Palkot
- Nagfeni - It is famous for the JagannathJagannathJagannath is a transcendental non-anthropotheistic Hindu god worshiped primarily by the people of Indian state of Orissa, and, to a great extent, West Bengal...
templeTempleA temple is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities, such as prayer and sacrifice, or analogous rites. A templum constituted a sacred precinct as defined by a priest, or augur. It has the same root as the word "template," a plan in preparation of the building that was marked out...
and there is a big rock in the shape of snakeSnakeSnakes are elongate, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears. Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales...
'Nag'. It has its own natural beauty. - Tanginath
- Birsa Munda Agro Park
- Raidih - Raidih block, one of the eleven administrative blocks of Gumla district, Jharkhand state, India,which is famous for its scenic beauty.It is well known as Patratoli.Basudevkona which has importance of Tourism is situated at 3 KM from block headquarter. Hiradah one of the most beautiful picnic spot is situated at the Kobja Panchayat and in Raidih there are many picnic spot like Sankhghat,etc.
Festival and dances
Gumla is home to people of many castes, creeds and sects. All festivals are celebrated with pomp, glory and in harmony.Karma
This a festival of brothers and sisters .It is celebrated in rotation from one village to another .Like other festivals it is also a way of merry making by local population .This festival is divided into three categories :-- Raj karma.
- Budhui karma.
- Padda karma.
Raj karma is celebrated by the whole community in this region .Budhi karma is celebrated only by old women in the month of June to call the god of rain .The third one is celebrated by the whole villagers .