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Oriya language



 
 
Oriya (????? ) is an India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
n language
Language

A language is a form of symbol communication in which elements are combined to represents something other than themselves. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon....
, belonging to the Indo-Aryan
Indo-Aryan

Indo-Aryan refers to:* Indo-Aryan languages* Indo-Aryan migration, a supposition that holds that the Indo-Aryans migrated to India.* Indigenous Aryans, a theory that holds that the Indo-Aryans are native to India....
 branch of the Indo-European
Indo-European

Indo-European may refer to:* Indo-European languages* Indo-European people, peoples speaking an Indo-European language** Aryan race, a 19th-century term for Indo-European speakers...
 language family. It is mainly spoken in the Indian state
States and territories of India

India is a Federal_republic union of states comprising twenty-eight State s and seven Union Territory. The states and territories are further Subdivisions of India into districts and so on....
 of Orissa
Orissa

Orissa , is a states and territories of India located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It was established on 1 April 1936 as a province in British India, and consists, predominantly of Oriya language speakers....
. The language is also an official language of India
List of national languages of India

The Official languages of the Union of India are Hindi and English language; States in India can legislate their own official languages. Neither the Constitution of India, nor any Indian law defines any national language....
.

Overview
Outside Orissa, there are also significant Oriya-speaking populations in other linguistic regions, such as the Midnapore District
Midnapore District

Midnapore district is a former district of the state of West Bengal, India. This district was bifurcated on January 1 2002 into the Purba Medinipur district and the Paschim Medinipur district....
 of West Bengal
West Bengal

West Bengal is a States and territories of India in eastern India. With Bangladesh, which lies on its eastern border, the state forms the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal....
, the Seraikela Kharsawan district of Jharkhand
Jharkhand

Jharkhand is a States and territories of India in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar state on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east....
 the Srikakulam
Srikakulam

Srikakulam is a town, municipality and headquarters of Srikakulam district in the north-eastern Andhra Pradesh, India. With the same name there is a "Srikakulam Assembly constituency" and a "Srikakulam Parliament Constituency'"....
 District of Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh , abbreviated A.P.,is a state situated on eastern coast of India. It is India's List of states of India by area and List of states of India by population....
 and Bastar district of Chhatisgarh province.






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Encyclopedia


Oriya (????? ) is an India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
n language
Language

A language is a form of symbol communication in which elements are combined to represents something other than themselves. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon....
, belonging to the Indo-Aryan
Indo-Aryan

Indo-Aryan refers to:* Indo-Aryan languages* Indo-Aryan migration, a supposition that holds that the Indo-Aryans migrated to India.* Indigenous Aryans, a theory that holds that the Indo-Aryans are native to India....
 branch of the Indo-European
Indo-European

Indo-European may refer to:* Indo-European languages* Indo-European people, peoples speaking an Indo-European language** Aryan race, a 19th-century term for Indo-European speakers...
 language family. It is mainly spoken in the Indian state
States and territories of India

India is a Federal_republic union of states comprising twenty-eight State s and seven Union Territory. The states and territories are further Subdivisions of India into districts and so on....
 of Orissa
Orissa

Orissa , is a states and territories of India located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It was established on 1 April 1936 as a province in British India, and consists, predominantly of Oriya language speakers....
. The language is also an official language of India
List of national languages of India

The Official languages of the Union of India are Hindi and English language; States in India can legislate their own official languages. Neither the Constitution of India, nor any Indian law defines any national language....
.

Overview


Outside Orissa, there are also significant Oriya-speaking populations in other linguistic regions, such as the Midnapore District
Midnapore District

Midnapore district is a former district of the state of West Bengal, India. This district was bifurcated on January 1 2002 into the Purba Medinipur district and the Paschim Medinipur district....
 of West Bengal
West Bengal

West Bengal is a States and territories of India in eastern India. With Bangladesh, which lies on its eastern border, the state forms the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal....
, the Seraikela Kharsawan district of Jharkhand
Jharkhand

Jharkhand is a States and territories of India in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar state on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east....
 the Srikakulam
Srikakulam

Srikakulam is a town, municipality and headquarters of Srikakulam district in the north-eastern Andhra Pradesh, India. With the same name there is a "Srikakulam Assembly constituency" and a "Srikakulam Parliament Constituency'"....
 District of Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh , abbreviated A.P.,is a state situated on eastern coast of India. It is India's List of states of India by area and List of states of India by population....
 and Bastar district of Chhatisgarh province. Due to the increasing migration of labour, the west Indian state of Gujarat
Gujarat

Gujarat is a States and territories of India in western India. Gujarat borders Pakistan to the north west and the state of Rajasthan to the north and northeast, Madhya Pradesh to the east, Maharashtra and the Union territory of Diu, Daman District, India, Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the south....
 also has a significant Oriya speaking population with Surat
Surat

Surat is a seaport city in the Indian Indian state of Gujarat and administrative headquarters of the Surat District. As of 2007, Surat and its metropolitan area had a population about the same size as Singapore, approximately 4 million....
 being the second largest Oriya speaking city in India.

The major Oriya dialects:
  • Midnapori Oriya
  • Balasori Oriya : (spoken in Balasore
    Balasore

    Balasore is a city in Orissa state of eastern India. It is the administrative headquarters of Balasore District. It is best known for DRDO, Chandipur....
     and Bhadrakh district of Orissa)
  • Ganjami Oriya
  • Desiya Oriya
  • Halbi
  • Bhatri ; (Orissa
    Orissa

    Orissa , is a states and territories of India located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It was established on 1 April 1936 as a province in British India, and consists, predominantly of Oriya language speakers....
     and Chhattisgarh
    Chhattisgarh

    Chhattisgarh , a States and territories of India in central India, formed when the sixteen Chhattisgarhi-speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh gained statehood on November 1, 2000....
     border)
  • Sambalpuri Oriya
  • Kalahandi Oriya
  • Singhbhumi Oriya


Chatishgarhi of Chhatishgarh, and Nagpuri or Sadri languages are also treated as dialects of Oriya language by some linguists. The Oriya spoken in costal districts of Orissa is known as Mughalbandi Oriya.

Oriya is written with the Oriya script
Oriya script

The Oriya script is used to write the Oriya language, and can be used for several other Indian languages, for example, Sanskrit.History ...
.

History


Oriya is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Indo-Aryan language family
Indo-Aryan languages

The Indo-Aryan languages are a branch of the Indo-European languages family.SIL International in a 2005 estimate counted a total of 209 varieties, the largest in terms of native speakers being Hindustani language , Bangla language , Punjabi language , Marathi , Gujarati language , Nepali language , Oriya language , Sindhi language , Sinhal...
. It is thought to be directly descended from the Prakrit
Prakrit

Prakrit refers to the broad family of the Indic languages and dialects spoken in ancient India. The Prakrits became literary languages, generally patronized by kings identified with the Kshatriya caste, but were regarded as illegitimate by the Brahmin orthodoxy....
 known as Purva Magadhi
Magadhi Prakrit

Magadhi Prakrit is of one of the three Dramatic Prakrits, the written languages of History of India following the decline of Sanskrit. Magadhi Prakrit was spoken in the eastern Indian subcontinent, in a region spanning what is now East India, Bangladesh, and Nepal....
 that was spoken in eastern India over 1,500 years ago. It bears a very strong resemblance to the modern languages Bangla (Bengali
Bengali language

Bengali or Bangla is an Indo-European languages language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit and Sanskrit languages....
), Maithili, and Ôxômiya (Assamese
Assamese language

Assamese is the easternmost Indo-Aryan language that is spoken mainly in the States and territories of India of Assam in North-East India. It is also the official language of Assam....
). Of all the languages spoken in northern India, Oriya appears to be the least influenced by Persian language
Persian language

name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
.

The history of the Oriya language is divided into:

  • Old Oriya (8th century-1300):-The origin of the Oriya literature can be traced to "Bauddha GanA O Doha", otherwise known as Charyapada
    Charyapada

    The Charyapada is a collection of 8th-12th century Vajrayana Buddhist caryagiti, or mystical poems from the tantric tradition in eastern India....
     written by the Buddhist Siddhas of Orissa.The Oriya language begins to appear in inscriptions with Oriya scripts in temples,copper plates,palm-leaf manuscripts etc.


  • Early Middle Oriya (1300-1500):-The earliest use of prose can be found in the Madala Panji
    Madala Panji

    Madala Panji is a a chronicle of the Jagannath Temple in Puri, Orissa, India. It describes the historical events of Orissa related to Lord Jagannath or Jagannath Temple....
     or the Palm-leaf Chronicles of the Jagannatha temple at Puri, which date back to the 12th century.


  • Middle Oriya (1500-1700):-Mahabharat,Chandi Puran,Vilanka Ramayan of Shudramuni Sarala Das.Arjuna Das, a contemporary to Sarala Dasa, wrote Rama-Bibha, a significant long poem in Oriya.Towards the 16th century, five poets emerged , though there are hundreds year gap in between them .But they are known as Panchasakhas as they believed to same school of thought , Utkaliya Vaishnavism.The poets are Balaram Das, Jagannath Das, Achyutananda Das, Ananta Das and Jasobanta Das.


  • Late Middle Oriya (1700-1850):- Usabhilasa of Sisu Sankara Das, the Rahasya-manjari of Deva-durlabha Dasa and the Rukmini-bibha of Kartikka Das were written.A new form of novels in verse evolved during the beginning of the 17th century when Ramachandra Pattanayaka wrote Haravali. Upendra Bhanja took a leading role in this period,his creations were Baidehisha Bilasa, Koti Brahmanda Sundari, Lavanyabati were proved land mark in Oriya Literature.Dinakrushna Das’s Rasokallola and Abhimanyu samanta Simhara’s Bidagdha Chintamani are prominent kavyas of this time.Four major poets emerged in the end of the era are Kabi surya Baladeb Rath,Bhima Bhoi, Brajanath Badajena and Gopal Krushna Pattanaik.


  • Modern Oriya (1850 till present day):The first Oriya printing typeset was cast in 1836 by the Christian missionaries which made a great revolutions in Oriya literature and language.


Charyapada of 8th Century and its affinity with Oriya language


The beginnings of Oriya poetry coincide with the development of Charya Sahitya, the literature thus started by Mahayana Buddhist poets.[6].This literature was written in a specific metaphor named “Sandhya Bhasha” and the poets like Luipa, Kanhupa are from the territory of Orissa.The language of Charya was considered as Prakrita. In one of his poem,Kanhupa wrote:

"Your hut stands outside the city

Oh, untouchable maid

The bald Brahmin passes sneaking close by

Oh, my maid, I would make you my companion

Kanha is a kapali, a yogi

He is naked and has no disgust

There is a lotus with sixty-four petals

Upon that the maid will climb with this poor self and dance."

The language of Kanhupa's poetry has strange resmblence with modern Oriya language.For example :

"Ekaso padumo chowshathi pakhudi

Tahin chadhi nachao dombi bapudi"

Padumo (Padma:Lotus),Chowshathi (64),Pakhudi (petals) Tahin (There),Chadhi (rise) nachao( to dance) Dombi (a female of Orissa from untouchable caste),Bapudi ( a very colloqual Oriya language to apply as 'poor fellow' )

or

"Hali Dombi,Tote puchhami sadbhabe.

Isisi jasi dombi kahari nabe ."

These poems needn't require any translation in modern Oriya dilects.

Jayadeva's literary contribution


Jayadeva
Jayadeva

Jayadeva was a Sanskrit poet, who lived in Orissa, circa 1200 AD. He is most known for his composition, the epic poem Gita Govinda, which depicts the divine love of the Hindu deity Krishna and his consort, Radha, and is considered an important text in the Bhakti movement of Hinduism .He was born in an Utkala Brahmin family....
 was a Sanskrit poet, He was born in an Utkala Brahmin
Utkala Brahmin

Utkala or Utkal Brahmins, also known as Oriya or Orissa Brahmins, are a Jati who live mainly in the Indian state of Orissa & neighbouring states of Chhatishgarh,Northern Andhra Pradesh,West Bengal & Jharkhand....
 family of Puri in circa 1200 AD. He is most known for his composition, the epic poem Gita Govinda
Gita Govinda

The Gita Govinda is a work composed in the 12th century by the great poet Jayadeva, who was the court poet to King Lakshman Sen of Bengal. It describes the relationship between Krishna and the gopis of Vrindavana, and in particular one gopi named Radha....
, which depicts the divine love of the Hindu deity Krishna and his consort, Radha, and is considered an important text in the Bhakti movement of Hinduism.About the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th, the influence of Jayadeva's literary contribution changed the pattern of versification in Oriya.

Literature


The great poet Sarala Dasa
Sarala Dasa

Sarala Dasa was one of the great scholars of Oriya language literature whose work formed perennial source of information to the succeeding generations....
 who wrote the Chandi Purana and the Vilanka Ramayana in 14th century, both praising the goddess Durga. Rama-bibaha, written by Arjuna Dasa, is the first long poem in Oriya language.

The next era is more commonly called the Panchasakha Age
Oriya literature

Oriya is an official language of the state of Orissa, India, a region known at different stages of history as Kalinga, Udra, Utkala, or Koshala....
 and stretches till the year 1700. The period begins with the writings of Shri Chaitanya whose Vaishnava influence brought in a new evolution in Oriya literature. Balarama Dasa, Jagannatha Dasa
Jagannatha Dasa

Jagannatha Dasa , a native of Manvi town in the Raichur district, Karnataka state, India, is considerd one of the notable Haridasa saint-poets of the Kannada language....
, Yasovanta, Ananta
Ananta

Ananta is a Sanskrit word meaning "without end".It may refer to:*Ananta , one of the names of Vishnu.*Ananta Shesha, a serpent on which Vishnu lies....
 and Acyutananda
Acyutananda

Achyutananda Das was a 16th century poet seer and Vaisnava saint from Orissa, India. He was considered to have the power to see the past, present and future....
 were the main exponents in religious works in Oriya. The composers of this period mainly translated, adapted, or imitated Sanskrit literature. A few prominent works of this period include the Usabhilasa of Sisu Sankara Dasa, the Rahasya-manjari of Deva-durlabha Dasa and the Rukmini-bibha of Kartikka Dasa. A new form of novels in verse evolved during the beginning of the 17th century when Ramachandra Pattanayaka wrote Haravali. Other poets like Madhusudana, Bhima
Bhima

In the Mahabharata, Bhima was the second of the Pandava brothers. He was son of Kunti by Vayu, but like the other brothers, he was acknowledged son by Pandu ....
, Dhivara, Sadasiva and Sisu Isvara-dasa composed another form called Kavyas or long poems based on themes from Puranas. The language used by them was plain and simple Oriya.

However, from the turn of the 18th century, Bhanja Age or Riti Yuga verbally tricky Oriya became the order of the day. Verbal jugglery, obscenity and eroticism became the trend of the period between 1700-1850 with the most notable poet Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja
Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja

Upenra Bhanja was born during 1670 at Kullada, Ghumusara, a princely state in Orissa and died during 1740 , considered as the greatest poet of Oriya Literature and was awarded the title "Kabi-Samrata" in or "The Emperor of the Poets"....
 (1670-1720). Other poets turned up in hordes to imitate him, but none could succeed, with the exceptions of Bhima Bhoi
Bhima Bhoi

Bhima Bhoi is a poet from and Satya mahima dharma activist from Orissa, India.....
 and Arakshita Dasa. Family chronicles in prose and literature relating religious festivals and rituals also covered a large portion of this period.

The first Oriya printing typeset was cast in 1836 by the Christian missionaries. The actual Oriya script closely resembled Bengali and Assamese scripts but the one adopted for the printed typesets were completely different, leaning more towards the Tamil script.

Oriya has a rich literary heritage dating back to the thirteenth century. Sarala Dasa
Sarala Dasa

Sarala Dasa was one of the great scholars of Oriya language literature whose work formed perennial source of information to the succeeding generations....
 who lived in the fourteenth century is known as the Vyasa
Vyasa

Vyasa is a central and revered figure in the majority of Hinduism traditions. He is also sometimes called Veda Vyasa , or Krishna Dvaipayana ....
 of Orissa. He translated the Mahabharata
Mahabharata

The is one of the two major Sanskrit Indian epic poetrys of History of India, the other being the '. The epic is part of the Hindu itihasa , and forms an important part of Hindu mythology....
 into Oriya. In fact the language was initially standardised through a process of translation of classical Sanskrit texts like the Mahabharata, the Ramayana and the Srimad Bhagabatam. Jagannatha Das translated the Srimad Bhagabatam into Oriya and his translation standardized the written form of the language. Oriya has had a strong tradition of poetry, especially that of devotional poetry.

Some other eminent Oriya Poets include Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja
Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja

Upenra Bhanja was born during 1670 at Kullada, Ghumusara, a princely state in Orissa and died during 1740 , considered as the greatest poet of Oriya Literature and was awarded the title "Kabi-Samrata" in or "The Emperor of the Poets"....
 and Kabi Surya Bala Dev Ratha.

Prose in the language has had a late development.

Three great poets and prose writers, Kabibar Radhanath Ray
Kabibar Radhanath Ray

Radhanath Ray is the principal architect of the era of initial modernity in Oriya literature during the later part of nineteenth century and is honoured in Oriya literature with the title ?Kabibara?....
 (1849-1908), Fakir Mohan Senapati
Fakir Mohan Senapati

Fakir Mohan Senapati was an Indian writer in the Oriya language, and is called the "Father of Modern Oriya Literature ".He is the prime figure of modern Oriya Fiction Prose is the product of that generation....
 (1843-1918) and Madhusudana Rao (1853-1912) made Oriya their own. They brought in a modern outlook and spirit into Oriya literature. Around the same time the modern drama took birth in the works of Rama Sankara Ray beginning with Kanci-Kaveri (1880).

20th century writers in Oriya include Pallikabi Nanda Kishore Bal
Nanda Kishore Bal

Nanda Kishore Bal , born at Kusupur village in the Cuttack District of Orissa, was an Oriya poet. He is popularly known as ?Palli Kabi?.He mainly used rural scenes in his work, portraying its simplicity, superstitions and festivals, and has written several poems that reveal his strong spiritual inclination and sharp awareness of social prob...
 (1875-1928), Gangadhar Meher
Gangadhar Meher

Gangadhar Meher was born on the day of Sravana Purnima at Barpali, Bargarh District in a Bhulia weaver family. Though he was educated up to 5th Class, he has given a new meaning and glory to Oriya Language and Literature....
 (1862-1924), Chintamani Mahanti and Kuntala-Kumari Sabat Utkala-Bharati, besides Niladri Dasa and Gopabandhu Das
Gopabandhu Das

Gopabandhu Dash known as Utkal Mani was a defining social worker who excelled in the field of politics as well as literature....
 (1877-1928). The most notable novelists were Umesa Sarakara, Divyasimha Panigrahi, Gopala Praharaja and Kalindi Charana Panigrahi. Sachi Kanta Rauta Ray is the great introducer of the ultra-modern style in modern Oriya poetry. Others who took up this form were Godabarisa Mohapatra, Dr Mayadhara Manasimha, Nityananda Mahapatra and Kunjabihari Dasa. Prabhasa Chandra Satpathi is known for his translations of some western classics apart from Udayanatha Shadangi, Sunanda Kara and Surendranatha Dwivedi. Criticism, essays and history also became major lines of writing in the Oriya language. Esteemed writers in this field were Professor Girija Shankar Ray, Pandit Vinayaka Misra, Professor Gauri Kumara Brahma, Jagabandhu Simha and Hare Krushna Mahatab. Oriya literature mirrors the industrious, peaceful and artistic image of the Oriya people
Oriya people

The Oriya, classically known in various names Odiya,Odri,Utkaliya,Kalingi,Dakhini Kosli etc., are an ethnic group of eastern India and of eastern Indo-Aryans stock....
 who have offered and gifted much to the Indian civilization in the field of art and literature. Now Writers Manoj Das
Manoj Das

Manoj Das is an Indian award-winning author who writes in Oriya language and English language.Manoj Das is internationally recognized and is the recipient of many prestigious awards like the Sahitya Akademi Award, the Padmashri and the Saraswati Samman....
's creations motivated & inspired people towards a possitive lifestyle .Distinguished prose writers of the modern period include Fakir Mohan Senapati
Fakir Mohan Senapati

Fakir Mohan Senapati was an Indian writer in the Oriya language, and is called the "Father of Modern Oriya Literature ".He is the prime figure of modern Oriya Fiction Prose is the product of that generation....
,Madhusudan Das
Madhusudan Das

Madhusudan Das was born on 28 April 1848 in a village called Satyabhamapur, 20 kilometres from Cuttack. His father Choudhury Raghunath Das and mother Parbati Debi named him Gobindaballabh....
, Godabarisha Mohapatra, Kalindi Charan Panigrahi, Surendra Mohanty, Manoj Das
Manoj Das

Manoj Das is an Indian award-winning author who writes in Oriya language and English language.Manoj Das is internationally recognized and is the recipient of many prestigious awards like the Sahitya Akademi Award, the Padmashri and the Saraswati Samman....
, Kishori Charan Das, Gopinath Mohanty, Rabi Patnaik, Chandrasekhar Rath, Binapani Mohanty, Jagadish Mohanty
Jagadish Mohanty

Jagadish Mohanty is a renowned Oriya language writer, considered as a trendsetter in modern Oriya fiction, has received the prestigious Sarala Award 2003, Orissa Sahitya Akademy Award 1990, Jhankar Award, 1985 Dharitri Award, Prajatantra Award....
, Sarojini Sahoo
Sarojini Sahoo

Sarojini Sahoo is an Indian feminist writer who has won the Orissa Sahitya Academy Award , the Jhankar Award , the Bhubaneswar Book Fair Award, and the Prajatantra Award....
, Ramchandra Behera, Padmaja Pal. But it is poetry that makes modern Oriya literature a force to reckon with. Poets like Kabibar Radhanath Ray
Kabibar Radhanath Ray

Radhanath Ray is the principal architect of the era of initial modernity in Oriya literature during the later part of nineteenth century and is honoured in Oriya literature with the title ?Kabibara?....
, Sachidananda Routray, Guruprasad Mohanty, Soubhagya Misra, Ramakanta Rath, Sitakanta Mohapatra , Rajendra Kishore Panda, Pratibha Satpathy have made significant contributions towards Indian poetry.

Phoneme inventory

Oriya has 28 consonant phonemes and 6 vowel phonemes.

Vowels
 FrontBack
High
Mid
Low


Consonants
 LabialDentalAlveolarRetroflexPalatalVelarGlottal
Voiceless stops  
Voiced stops  
Voiceless fricatives     
Nasals    
Liquids     


Morphology

Morphological
Morphology (linguistics)

Morphology is the identification, analysis and description of structure of words . While words are generally accepted as being the smallest units of syntax, it is clear that in most languages, words can be related to other words by rules....
 rules and structure of the Oriya language are peculiar. Morphemes in Oriya
Morphemes in Oriya

IntroductionIn Oriya language, a morpheme is the smallest unit in the language that carries and conveys a unique meaning and is grammatically appropriate....
 have unique characteristics and different from rules of Sanskrit
Sanskrit

Sanskrit is a historical Indo-Aryan language, one of the liturgical languages of Hinduism and Buddhism, and one of the 22 official languages of India....
 and Hindi
Hindi

Standard Hindi, also known as High Hindi, Nagari Hindi or Literary Hindi is a Standard language register of Hindi. It is one of the 22 official languages of India, and is used, along with English language, for administration of the central government....
.

See also

  • Oriya script
    Oriya script

    The Oriya script is used to write the Oriya language, and can be used for several other Indian languages, for example, Sanskrit.History ...
  • Oriya literature
    Oriya literature

    Oriya is an official language of the state of Orissa, India, a region known at different stages of history as Kalinga, Udra, Utkala, or Koshala....
  • Oriya people
    Oriya people

    The Oriya, classically known in various names Odiya,Odri,Utkaliya,Kalingi,Dakhini Kosli etc., are an ethnic group of eastern India and of eastern Indo-Aryans stock....
  • Languages of India
    Languages of India

    The languages of India belong to several major Language family, the two largest being the Indo-European languages---Indo-Aryan languages and the Dravidian languages, ....
  • List of national languages of India
    List of national languages of India

    The Official languages of the Union of India are Hindi and English language; States in India can legislate their own official languages. Neither the Constitution of India, nor any Indian law defines any national language....
  • List of Indian languages by total speakers
    List of Indian languages by total speakers

    India is home to several hundred Languages of India. Most languages spoken in India belong either to the Indo-European languages , the Dravidian languages , the Austroasiatic languages , or the Tibeto-Burman languages families, with some languages of the Himalayas still unclassified....
  • Brahmic family
    Brahmic family

    The Brahmic family is a family of syllabaries used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central Asia and East Asia, descended from the Brahmi script....
  • Madala Panji
    Madala Panji

    Madala Panji is a a chronicle of the Jagannath Temple in Puri, Orissa, India. It describes the historical events of Orissa related to Lord Jagannath or Jagannath Temple....
  • Laxmi Puran
    Laxmi Puran

    Balaram Das, a major poet of the Oriya Literature, considered as the senior most poet in the Oriya Literature wrote Laxmi Purana in 15th Century ....


Bibliography

Neukom, Lukas and Manideepa Patnaik. 2003. A grammar of Oriya. (Arbeiten des Seminars für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft; 17). Zürich: Seminar für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Zürich. ISBN 3-9521010-9-5

Further reading

  • Ghosh, A. (2003). An ethnolinguistic profile of Eastern India: a case of South Orissa. Burdwan: Dept. of Bengali (D.S.A.), University of Burdwan.
  • Masica, Colin (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521299442
  • Mohanty, Prasanna Kumar (2007). The History of: History of Oriya Literature (Oriya Sahityara Adya Aitihasika Gana).


External links

  • Learn oDiA (Oriya). On the way of conservation of oDiA Language and culture. "Lets take a step"
  • World's first and only 24x7 popular news portal in Oriya.
  • World's first and only spiritual portal on "Lord Jagannath" in Oriya language.
  • Rebati project
  • A Comprehensive English-Oriya Dictionary (1916-1922), available free at Google Books.
  • Jagannath.