Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
Encyclopedia
The Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies represented the Dutch
rule in the Dutch East Indies
between 1610 and Dutch recognition of the independence of Indonesia
in 1949.
The first Governors-General were appointed by the Dutch East India Company
(VOC). After the VOC was formally dissolved in 1800, the territorial possessions of the VOC were nationalised under the Dutch Government as the Dutch East Indies, a colony of the Netherlands
. The Governors-General were appointed by the Dutch government.
Under the period of British control (1811-1816), the equivalent position was the Lieutenant-Governor, of whom the most notable is Thomas Stamford Raffles. Between 1942 and 1945, while Hubertus Johannes van Mook
was the nominal Governor-General, the area was under Japanese control, and was governed by a two sequence of governors, in Java and Sumatra. After 1948 in negotiations for independence, the equivalent position was named High Commissioner of the Crown in the Dutch East Indies.
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
rule in the Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies was a Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Netherlands government in 1800....
between 1610 and Dutch recognition of the independence of Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
in 1949.
The first Governors-General were appointed by the Dutch East India Company
Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia...
(VOC). After the VOC was formally dissolved in 1800, the territorial possessions of the VOC were nationalised under the Dutch Government as the Dutch East Indies, a colony of the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
. The Governors-General were appointed by the Dutch government.
Under the period of British control (1811-1816), the equivalent position was the Lieutenant-Governor, of whom the most notable is Thomas Stamford Raffles. Between 1942 and 1945, while Hubertus Johannes van Mook
Hubertus Johannes van Mook
Hubertus Johannes van Mook was a Dutch administrator in the East Indies. During the Indonesian National Revolution, he served as the Acting Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1942 to 1948. van Mook also had a son named Cornelius van Mook who studied marine engineering at the...
was the nominal Governor-General, the area was under Japanese control, and was governed by a two sequence of governors, in Java and Sumatra. After 1948 in negotiations for independence, the equivalent position was named High Commissioner of the Crown in the Dutch East Indies.
Dutch East India Company
- 1610-1614: Pieter BothPieter BothPieter Both was the first Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies.Not much is known of his early years. In 1599, Both was already an admiral in the New, or Brabant Company. In that year, he traveled to the East Indies with four ships...
- 1614-1615: Gerard ReynstGerard ReynstGerard Reynst was a Dutch merchant, father of a museum curator, and later the second Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies...
- 1615-1619: Laurens ReaelLaurens ReaelDr. Laurens Reael was an employee of the VOC, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies in 1616-1617 and an admiral of the Dutch navy from 1625-27.-Early life:...
- 1619-1623: Jan Pieterszoon CoenJan Pieterszoon CoenJan Pieterszoon Coen was a officer of the Dutch East India Company in the early seventeenth century, holding two terms as its Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies....
- 1623-1627: Pieter de CarpentierPieter de CarpentierPieter de Carpentier was a Dutch, or Flemish, administrator of the Dutch East India Company, and who served as Governor-General there from 1623–1627...
- 1627-1629: Jan Pieterszoon CoenJan Pieterszoon CoenJan Pieterszoon Coen was a officer of the Dutch East India Company in the early seventeenth century, holding two terms as its Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies....
- 1629-1632: Jacques SpecxJacques SpecxJacques Specx was a Dutch merchant, who founded the trade on Japan and Korea in 1609. Jacques Specx received the support of William Adams to obtain extensive trading rights from the Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu on August 24, 1609, which allowed him to establish a trading factory in Hirado on September...
- 1632-1636: Hendrik BrouwerHendrik BrouwerHendrik Brouwer was a Dutch explorer, admiral, and colonial administrator both in Japan and the Dutch East Indies....
- 1636-1645: Anthony van DiemenAnthony van DiemenAnthony van Diemen , Dutch colonial governor, was born in Culemborg in the Netherlands, the son of Meeus Anthonisz van Diemen and Christina Hoevenaar. In 1616 he moved to Amsterdam, in hope of improving his fortune as a merchant; in this he failed and was declared bankrupt...
- 1645-1650: Cornelis van der LijnCornelis van der LijnCornelis van der Lijn was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1646 until 1650.-Early career:Van der Lijn was born in Alkmaar, possibly in 1608. He went, in 1627, as Assistant to Batavia, Dutch East Indies aboard the Wapen van Hoorn. From 1632 to 18 January 1636 he was Accountant-General...
- 1650-1653: Carel ReynierszCarel ReynierszCarel Reyniersz was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1650 until 1653.Reyniersz was born in Amsterdam in 1604 . He left for the Indies in 1627 as Upperbuyer on the Dutch Coromandel...
- 1653-1678: Joan MaetsuyckerJoan MaetsuyckerJoan Maetsuycker was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1653 to 1678.Maetsuycker studied law in Leuven, and was a lawyer first in The Hague, and later in Amsterdam. From 1636, he lived in the Dutch East Indies...
- 1678-1681: Rijckloff van GoensRijckloff van GoensRijckloff van Goens was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1678-1681. He wrote extensively about his travels to Ceylon and India....
- 1681-1684: Cornelis SpeelmanCornelis SpeelmanCornelis Speelman was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1681 to 1684.Cornelis Janzoon Speelman was the son of a Rotterdam merchant. He was born on 2 March 1628. In his 16th year, he left aboard the Hillegersberg for the India. He was employed as an Assistant in the service of the...
- 1684-1691: Johannes CamphuysJohannes CamphuysJohannes Camphuys was the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1684 to 1691.-Japan:...
- 1691-1704: Willem van OuthoornWillem van OuthoornWillem van Outhoorn was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1691 to 1704. He was born and died in the Dutch East Indies.-Biography:...
- 1704-1709: Joan van HoornJoan van HoornJoan van Hoorn was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1704 until 1709.Joan van Hoorn was born on 16 November 1653, son to the wealthy Amsterdam gunpowder manufacturer, Pieter Janszn van Hoorn and his wife Sara Bessels, a grandchild of Gerard Reynst...
- 1709-1713: Abraham van RiebeeckAbraham van RiebeeckAbraham van Riebeeck was a Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. He was born in the Cape Colony in South Africa, and was the son of Jan van Riebeeck. One of Abraham's children was Johanna Maria van Riebeeck , who had married his predecessor Governor-General, Joan van Hoorn...
- 1713-1718: Christoffel van Swol
- 1718-1725: Hendrick ZwaardecroonHendrick ZwaardecroonHendrick or Henricus Zwaardecroon was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1718 until 1725.-Early career:...
- 1725-1729: Mattheus de HaanMattheus de HaanMattheus de Haan was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1725 to 1729. .He was born in Dordrecht in 1663. On 26 October 1671 he left for the Indies, where his father had been appoined as Underbuyer in the Dutch East India Company...
- 1729-1732: Diederik DurvenDiederik DurvenDiederik Durven was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1 June 1729 until 28 May 1732Durven studied Law at Leiden University where he graduated in 19 July 1702. He became an advocate in Delft in 1704. In 1705, he was nominated as a member of the Council of Justice at Batavia in the Indies...
- 1732-1735: Dirk van Cloon
- 1735-1737: Abraham PatrasAbraham PatrasAbraham Patras was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 11 March 1735 until 3 May 1737. He was born in Grenoble of a refugee French Huguenot family...
- 1737-1741: Adriaan ValckenierAdriaan ValckenierAdriaan Valckenier , was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 3 May 1737 until 6 November 1741....
- 1741-1743: Johannes ThedensJohannes ThedensJohannes Thedens was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 6 November 1741 until 28 May 1743....
- 1743-1750: Gustaaf Willem baron van ImhoffGustaaf Willem baron van ImhoffGustaaf Willem, Baron van Imhoff was the governor of Ceylon and then the Dutch East Indies for the Dutch East India Company .-Early years:...
- 1750-1761: Jacob MosselJacob MosselJacob Mossel went from being a common sailor to become Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1750 to 1761....
- 1761-1775: Petrus Albertus van der ParraPetrus Albertus van der ParraPetrus Albertus van der Parra was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 15 May 1761 to 28 December 1775. - Biography :...
- 1775-1777: Jeremias van RiemsdijkJeremias van RiemsdijkJeremias van Riemsdijk was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, from 28 December 1775 to 3 October 1777....
- 1777-1780: Reinier de KlerkReynier de KlerckReynier de Klerck was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 9 October 1778 until 1 September 1780....
- 1780-1796: Willem Arnold AltingWillem Arnold AltingWillem Arnold Alting was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1780 until 1797.Alting was born in Groningen on 11 November 1724. He studied in his hometown and graduated in law....
Dutch East Indies
- 1796-1801: Pieter Gerardus van OverstratenPieter Gerardus van OverstratenPieter Gerardus van Overstraten was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1796 until 1801. He was the last Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company, which was dissolved, bankrupt in 1799, but he remained in post as the Dutch state took over ruling its territories in the Indies...
- 1801-1805: Johannes SibergJohannes SibergJohannes Siberg was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1801 to 1805, during which time control of the Dutch Indies passed from the Dutch East India Company to the Napoleonic Dutch State in the guise of the Batavian Republic which took over much of Dutch territory and broke their...
- 1805-1808: Albertus Henricus WieseAlbertus Henricus WieseAlbertus Henricus Wiese was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1805 to 1808, during which time the United Provinces became, during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, first of all the Batavian Republic and then the Kingdom of Holland...
- 1808-1811: Herman Willem DaendelsHerman Willem DaendelsHerman Willem Daendels was a Dutch politician who served as the 36th Governor General of the Dutch East Indies between 1808 and 1811....
- 1811-1811: Jan Willem JanssensJan Willem JanssensJonkheer Jan Willem Janssens GCMWO was a Dutch nobleman, soldier and statesman who served both as the governor-general of the Cape Colony and Dutch East Indies.-Early life:...
- 1811-1816: under British rule
- 1811: Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of MintoGilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of MintoGilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto PC , known as Sir Gilbert Elliott between 1777 and 1797 and as The Lord Minto between 1797 and 1813, was a Scottish politician diplomat....
- 1811-1816: Thomas Stamford Raffles
- 1816: John Fendall
- 1811: Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto
- 1816-1826: G.A.G.Ph. Baron van der Capellen
- 1826-1830: L.P.J. Burggraaf du Bus de Gisignies / Hendrik Merkus de KockHendrik Merkus de KockHendrik Merkus, Baron de Kock was a Dutch military general, minister and senator.Hendrik Merkus de Kock was born in Heusden, Netherlands on May 25, 1779....
- 1830-1833: Graaf van den Bosch
- 1833-1836: Jean Chrétien BaudJean Chrétien BaudJean Chrétien baron Baud was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1833 until 1836.He was born in The Hague on 23 October 1789. He was a civil servant and politician who served under William I and William II of the Netherlands...
- 1836-1840: Dominique Jacques de Eerens
- 1840-1841: Carel Sirardus Willem van Hogendorp
- 1841-1844: Pieter Merkus
- 1844-1845: J.C. Reijnst
- 1845-1851: Jan Jacob RochussenJan Jacob RochussenJan Jacob Rochussen was a Dutch politician. He served as Finance Minister from 1840 to 1843 and Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1845 to 1851. He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 18 March 1858 to 23 February 1860. He was also a Dutch colonial minister....
- 1851-1856: Albertus Jacobus Duymaer van Twist
- 1856-1861: Charles Ferdinand Pahud
- 1861-1866: Ludolph Anne Jan Wilt Sloet van de Beele
- 1866-1872: Pieter MijerPieter MijerPieter Mijer was a Dutch Olympic fencer. He competed in the individual épée event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.-References:...
- 1872-1875: James Loudon
- 1875-1881: Johan Wilhelm van Lansberge
- 1881-1884: Freserik s'Jacob
- 1884-1888: Otto van Rees
- 1888-1893: Cornelis Pijnacker HordijkCornelis Pijnacker Hordijkthumb|Cornelis Pijnacker Hordijk. Cornelis Pijnacker Hordijk was a Dutch jurist and politician who was governor general of the Dutch East Indies from 1888 until 1893.-References:...
- 1893-1899: Carel Herman Aart van Wijck
- 1899-1904: Willem RooseboomWillem RooseboomWillem Rooseboom was a Dutch Major General and politician who was governor general of the Dutch East Indies from 1899 until 1904.-Source:...
- 1904-1909: Johannes Benedictus van Heutsz
- 1909-1916: Alexander Willem Frederik IdenburgAlexander Willem Frederik IdenburgAlexander Willem Frederik Idenburg was a Dutch politician of the Anti Revolutionary Party who served as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies....
- 1916-1921: Johan Paul van Limburg StirumJohan Paul van Limburg StirumJohan Paul, Count of Limburg Stirum was a reformist in the time of World War I.He made a rapid career as a diplomat of the Netherlands and was, among others, envoy in China and Sweden. Thanks to his knowledge of Asia, the government Cort van der Linden named him in 1916 Gouverneur General of the...
- 1921-1926: Dirk FockDirk FockDirk Fock was a Dutch politician, Governor of Suriname , President of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands and Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies .-Education:After attending Gymnasium Haganum, Fock studied law at the Rijksuniversiteit Leiden from 1875 to...
- 1926-1931: Andries Cornelis Dirk de GraeffAndries Cornelis Dirk de GraeffJonkheer Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff was a Governor General of Dutch East Indies and a Dutch minister for foreign affairs.-Family:...
- 1931-1936: Bonifacius Cornelis de JongeBonifacius Cornelis de JongeBonifacius Cornelis de Jonge was a Dutch politician.-References:...
- 1936-1942: Alidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda van Starkenborgh StachouwerAlidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda van Starkenborgh StachouwerJonkheer Alidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer was a Dutch nobleman and statesman, primarily noted for being the last colonial Governor-General of the Netherlands East Indies, now Indonesia...
- 1942-1945: Under Japanese controlJapanese Occupation of IndonesiaThe Japanese Empire occupied Indonesia, known then as the Dutch East Indies, during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of War in 1945...
- 1942-1945: Under Japanese control
- 1942-1948: Hubertus Johannes van MookHubertus Johannes van MookHubertus Johannes van Mook was a Dutch administrator in the East Indies. During the Indonesian National Revolution, he served as the Acting Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1942 to 1948. van Mook also had a son named Cornelius van Mook who studied marine engineering at the...
- 1948-1949: Louis BeelLouis BeelLouis Joseph Maria Beel was a Dutch politician of the defunct Catholic People's Party now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal . He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from July 3, 1946 until August 7, 1948 and again from December 22, 1958 until May 19, 1959...
(high commissioner) - 1949: A.H.J. Lovink (high commissioner)
See also
- List of Presidents of Indonesia
- List of Vice Presidents of Indonesia
- List of Prime Ministers of Indonesia
- List of Japanese military governors in Japanese occupation of IndonesiaJapanese Occupation of IndonesiaThe Japanese Empire occupied Indonesia, known then as the Dutch East Indies, during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of War in 1945...